Transcript FG-Ch02.ppt
Brief Summary of Fay & Golomb Ch2 2/12/13 Chapter in Brief • Objective: to provide an idea of the amounts involved in energy usage and supply by human society • World energy usage, supplies and associated emissions • US energy usage • World situation regarding energy resources World Energy Consumption • From ~ 300 (1980) to ~ 500 (2010) EJ/y • Per capita – 200-400 GJ/y (More Developed Countries) – 20-80 GJ/y (Less Developed Countries) • Per $ GDP – 4-20 MJ/$GDP (World) World Energy Sources • Fossil Fuels (Petroleum, NG and Coal) make up ~85% of all energy consumed • Proportions of Renewables and Nuclear slowly increasing from 1980 on and expected to continue increasing World Electricity Usage • ~65% of all electricity generated from fossil fuels • From ~ 7 (1980) to ~ 20 (2010) TWh/y US Energy Consumption • 105 EJ/y (2008) • Key consuming Sectors (2006) – Industrial (~30%; ~10% boiler fuel) – Transportation (~30%; ~15% personal autos) – Residential (~20%; ~10% appliances & light) – Commercial (~20%;~10% light & heat) World Energy Supply: Coal • Reserves: 1 Tton (bituminous & anthracite; ~50% US and USSR) • Higher Heating Value (HHV) ~ 30 MJ/kg • Energy equivalent: 25,000 EJ • Consumption (2008): 140 EJ/y World Energy Supply: Petroleum • • • • Reserves: 1.6 Tbbl Average heating value: ~6 GJ/bbl Energy equivalent: 10,000 EJ Consumption (2008): 180 EJ/y World Energy Supply: Natural Gas • • • • Reserves: ~200 Tm^3 Average heating value: ~40 MJ/m^3 Energy equivalent: 7,350 EJ Consumption (2008): 120 EJ/y