Transcript Class 3

Survey of Digitization
Class 3
February 3, 2006
Today’s Topics
Framework of Guidance for Building
Good Digital Collections (Collections
Principles),
with a closer look at:
- Digital Collection Development
Policy
- Digitization and Copyright
A Framework of Guidance for
Building Good Digital Collections
National Information Standards
Organization
2nd edition, 2004
Collections principle 1:
A good digital collection is created
according to an explicit collection
development policy that has been
agreed upon and documented before
digitization begins.
Collections principle 1:
Collection builders should be able to summarize the
mission of their organization and articulate how a
proposed collection furthers or supports that mission.
Project managers should be able to identify the target
audience(s) for the collection (both in the short term and
in the future) and how the selected materials relate to
their audience. The digital collection should fit in with
the organization's overall collection policy, as digital
collections should not stand in isolation from the original
materials or from the collection as a whole.
Collections principle 1:
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/libraries/digital/crite
ria.html
http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/colldev.html
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/admin/cird/policies/su
bjects/framework.html
http://www.umdl.umich.edu/index.html
Yale University Library Criteria for Selection for
Digitization (handout)
Collections principle 2:
Collections should be described so
that a user can discover
characteristics of the collection,
including scope, format, restrictions
on access, ownership, and any
information significant for determining
the collection's authenticity, integrity,
and interpretation.
Collections principle 2:
Metadata helps people discover the existence
of a collection, and it helps users of the
collection understand what they are viewing.
Describing collections in established catalogs
and registries is also a way of establishing the
authority of the content, helping users
distinguish authoritative from informal
information.
Collections principle 3:
A collection should be sustainable
over time. In particular, digital
collections built with special internal
or external funding should have a plan
for their continued usability beyond
the funded period.
Collections principle 3:
The digital repository must be integrated into the
institutional collections management workflow.
Ongoing maintenance =
*maintaining the currency of locations
*ensuring that access applications remain usable
*data entry and cleaning
*logging and accumulating statistics
*providing end-user support, and
*system administration (upgrading server
hardware and operating system software over
time, maintaining server security, and ensuring
that restoration of applications and data from
backups is always possible)
Collections principle 4:
A good collection is broadly available
and avoids unnecessary impediments
to use. Collections should be
accessible to persons with disabilities,
and usable effectively in conjunction
with adaptive technologies.
Collections principle 5:
A good collection respects intellectual
property rights. Collection managers
should maintain a consistent record of
rights holders and permissions
granted for all applicable materials.
Collections principle 5:
What rights the owners of the original source
materials retain in their materials, what rights or
permissions the collection developers have to
digitize content and make it available, what
rights collection owners have in their digital
content, and what rights or permissions the
users of the digital collection have to make
subsequent use of the materials are critical
concerns.
Collections principle 5:
http://www.llrx.com/features/digitization.htm
http://www.copyright.cornell.edu/
Copyright Basics
For PUBLISHED works:
In the case of copyrights owned by
corporations (“works for hire”), the basic rule
is 95 years from the date of publication.
Rule of Thumb: Sail the Ocean Blue through
1922
Note: Any work published in the US before
1978 with NO COPYRIGHT NOTICE on it is
in the PUBLIC DOMAIN. Also, works
published in the US before 1964 WITHOUT a
renewal are in the PUBLIC DOMAIN.
Copyright Basics
For UNPUBLISHED works:
Works Made for Hire and Anonymous Authors =
Creation date + 120 years.
Personal Authors = Life plus 70 years (last to die if
joint author)
Until Jan 1, 2003, nothing unpublished was in the
public domain. On this date, all works created in
1882 and earlier and works by authors who died in
1932 made an entrance into the public domain. (It’s a
tedious story….)
Copyright: The Place to Begin
Basically:
If a proposed digitizing project involves materials in
the public domain, the work can proceed.
If the source materials are protected by copyright but
rights are held by the institution or appropriate
permissions can be obtained, the work can proceed.
If permissions are not forthcoming for copyrighted
sources, and “fair use” cannot be claimed, work
cannot proceed. A “good faith” effort may provide
enough assurance to proceed.
Section 108: Replacement,
Preservation and Security
Nimble Sailing…
Section 108 allows libraries and archives to
digitize and put on the web published
documents (not music, photos, graphic works,
av works --other than news related motion
pictures) in the last 20 years of copyright
provided that the work is not subject to
normal commercial exploitation nor is
available at a reasonable price.
For works of any format for any year-even if the work is in Copyright and
“Commercially Exploitable,”--Section
108 has provisions that allow libraries to
digitize works to use in house for
replacement, preservation, security, and
deposit for research use in another
“Section 108” library or archives.
Sound Recordings
All recordings made in the U.S. from the
dawn of commercial recording (c.1890)
are covered until 2067, either by state
(pre-1972) or federal (1972-on) law.
The de facto term in the U.S. is from 95177 years, depending on when the
recording was made.
Public Domain - if no
Sec. 108 - if no
Fair Use - if no
Get Permission - if no
Rethink Fair Use
Collections principle 6:
A good collection has mechanisms to
supply usage data and other data that
allows standardized measures of
usefulness to be recorded.
Collections principle 6:
Good collection mgmt. depends on the
collection of consistent usage data that can be
evaluated over time to gauge the continued
relevancy of the collection to users, as well as
measures to evaluate the continued usefulness
of the collection in supporting the organization's
mission.
Collections principle 7:
A good collection fits into the larger
context of significant related national
and international digital library
initiatives. For example, collections of
content useful to education in science,
math, and/or engineering should be
usable in the NSF-funded National
Science Digital Library (NSDL).
(Interoperability, topical clearinghouses,
collective portals)