Transcript Document 7509085

Persons with disabilities
in Development Cooperation
of Germany and of the
European Union
Dorothea Rischewski
Social Protection Section, GTZ
Brown Bag Lunch at WB 6th of March 2008
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Overview
Part 1
 Relevance of persons with disabilities for development
cooperation
 GTZ and Persons with disabilities
 Conceptual approaches
 Alliances and partners
 Implementation strategies
 Activities of German Development Cooperation relating to
disability
 Examples of Technical Assistance
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Overview
Part 2
 Disability and Development in the European Union
 Overview of Europe’s approach to disability and
development
 Actors in the EU
 Short history of disability and development in EU
 Analysis of EU’s work in disability and development
 Policies of selected European member states regarding
disability in development
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Relevance of persons with disabilities
for development cooperation
 Considerable share of world population (10-12%)
 80% of persons with disabilities are believed to live in the LIC and
MIC
 Disability and poverty are intertwined, relationship multidimensional,
multidirectional
 Lack of cross-sectional data on socioeconomic status and disability
prevalence (measurement, definition, cost and quality issues)
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 monetary poverty:
 micro level: contradicting evidence
 Uganda: families with head of hh with disability are 38% more likely
to be poor
 HH surveys in Indonesia, Romania (more youth with disabilities
among the poor), Burundi, Cambodia and Mongolia (no clear
pattern), Mozambique (concentration of disability among the less
poor)
 Rwanda: children with severe musculoskeletal impairment belong to
the poorest tercile (based on assets)
 February 08 new evidence WB on positive correlation when disability
severe
 macro level: The Gambia, net gain of national eye care program due to
increased economic activity after successful intervention: cost was
$0.10/person/year, rate of return was 10-19% (Frick/Foster)
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 non-monetary poverty: access to social services, capabilities
»Rwanda: children with disabilities are 60% less likely not to be
enrolled in school than their age and sex matches without
disabilities, they are more than 3x more likely to have missed
school, and they live in bigger households; adults with disabilities
are more than 3x more likely not to have an occupation
»Serbia: PRSP, only 13% have employment
»Mortality rates are as high as 80% among children with
disabilities, even in countries where average <5 mortality is about
20% (WHO)
 Correlation between poverty and disability depends on definition of
disability (impairment/function/participation based) and severity of
disability
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Invisibility of persons with disabilities in
development
 Despite the evidence of social exclusion, leading to low
human capital, low capabilities and to wide-spread chronic
poverty among this target group, there is still too little policy
advice available and few operational experiences regarding
instruments of social protection for persons with disabilities,
and regarding interventions in other sectors such as
education, employment, health and rehabilitation
 Excluded from mainstream development programs (MDG‘s,
PRSPs)
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GTZ and persons with disabilities –
conceptual foundations
 Policy Paper “Disability and Development” 2006 (GTZ)
 Development Action Plan for Human Rights 2008 – 2010 (BMZ)
 Human rights – persons with disabilities are part of the diversity of any
culture, hold same rights to equal participation and deserve same respect
 Social model of disability – disability is a result of the interactions of a
persons limited functioning in her/his physical, cultural and political
environment
 UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2007
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UN Convention on the Rights of Persons
with Disabilities
 Under German EU Presidency March ‘07 the EU and most EU member states
signed - First time the EU signed a human rights treaty
 Third pillar to promote inclusion of persons with disabilities in development:
World Action Plan (1982), UN Standard Rules (1993) – those were non-binding
legally
 Till today 17 signatories of the convention – will become valid 1 month after
20th ratification – 7 months after coming into force a committee to promote and
supervise the implementation will be elected
 Human rights treaty and development tool, clarifies the language of human
rights for persons with disabilities and sets benchmarks for their participation
 Focus on article 32, 4 pillars: inclusive development programs, capacity
development, research and accessibility
 GTZ Study on implications of UN CRPD for German Development Cooperation
– expect recommendations for further strategic guidelines and operational
activities
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GTZ and persons with disabilities –
alliances and partners
 Global Partnership on Disability and Development (GPDD) – network
of stakeholders in disability with objective of reducing poverty of
persons with disabilities and increasing inclusion, multi-donor trust
fund held at WB
 VENRO AG – association of German NGO’s working on disability
issues in development
 Operational cooperation with civil society from the North and civil
society from the South (Cambodia, Tanzania, Vietnam)
 Planned cooperation with African Decade on implementing the UN
CRPD in Kenya
 Consultation with other bi - and multilateral donors (DfID, WHO,
UNICEF, etc.)
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GTZ and persons with disabilities –
Implementation Strategies
 Twin-Track Approach:
 programmes to cover the specific needs and rights of
persons with disabilities, and
 inclusion of persons with disabilities within other
programmes
 Inclusive Development
 Capacity development of DPO‘s in the South
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Activities of German Development
Cooperation relating to disability
 Bilateral German Development Cooperation in last 20 years
 180 programs in 40 countries
 30 directly targeted to persons with disabilities (70 Mill. Euro)
 15 currently in implementation (17 Mill. EUR): Albania, Angola, Chile,
Ghana, Indonesia, Cambodia, FRM, Rwanda, Sri Lanka, Tanzania,
Vietnam
 Additionally churches and private organisations assist projects in the
South with funds from BMZ (~21 Mio. Euro)
 Additionally a number of private donor funded projects, implemented
by German Civil Society
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Examples of Technical Assistance
 Design and implementation of strategies for inclusive education (Chile,
Ghana)
 Implementation of national disability law and strategies, in the context
of decentralisation and de-institutionalization (Albania)
 Design of national disability law and of implementation strategy,
identification of regulatory and service gaps, coordination of
stakeholder community, in the context of EU adaptation process (FYR
Macedonia)
 Development of capacities of civil society for inclusive poverty reduction
strategies (Cambodia, Tanzania, Vietnam)
 Handbook “Making PRSP inclusive” WB, HI, CBM cooperation
 Making not only design phase, but also implementation and M&E of
PRSP more inclusive
 Socio-economic reintegration of ex-combatants (Angola, DRC)
 Build up of training institutions for Orthopaedic technicians (Angola,
Morocco)
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Overview of the EU’s approach
to disability and development
 Actors in the EU
 Short history of disability and development in EU
 Analysis of EU’s work in disability and development
 Policies of selected European member states
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Actors at the EU
 The European Parliament
 The European Commission (DG Development, DG EuropAid, DG
RELEX, ECHO, DG Employment and Social Affairs)
 The European Council
 NGO networks (CONCORD, International Disability and Development
Consortium)
 Disabled Peoples Organisations in Europe (European Disability
Forum) and in partner countries (SADDP)
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Short history of disability and
development in EU
2001-2002
 Article 13 of the Treaty of Nice (respect for fundamental rights as a constitutional principle
of the EU, including disability)
 Resolution on the rights of disabled and older people in ACP countries
 Resolution on health issues, young people, the elderly and people living with disabilities
2003 DG DEVELOPMENT
 The Guidance Note on Disability and Development – reference document in the EU
2004
 Project Cycle Management guidelines include disability
2005
 Minor reference to disability in key documents (Strategy for Africa, Consensus for
Development)
 ECHO Cross cutting issues paper (chapters on disability)
2006
 Parliamentary Resolution on disability and development
 Research/ mapping of disability supported projects - EC supporting over 160 disability
specific projects
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The EU Guidance Note
 The only specific guidance from the Commission on disability and
development
 States that the MDG’s cannot be reached unless persons with disability are
included
 Deals with specific key areas:
 Exclusion, marginalization and vulnerability
 Basic resources: food, health care, education
 HIV/AIDS
 Employment
 Exploitation
 Poverty
 Access barriers
 Political Processes
 Specific concerns of women with disabilities
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2006-2007
 2006 The Development Cooperation Instrument: reference to
disability in health, and to combating discrimination and promoting
social inclusion in respect to sectors education and employment
 2007-2010 The European Instrument for Democracy and Human
Rights: promotes capacity building of disabled peoples organisations
 2007-2013 Thematic Programme ‘Investing in People’: first
European policy document which regards disability as a cross cutting
issue
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recent and on-going
 Policy on Action in Fragile States (includes need to consider situation
of people with disabilities in fragile states)
 EU Africa Strategy and Action Plans
 tackle disability in health and education
 action plan on MDG’s regarding Persons with Disabilities
 Currently the EC - (DG Employment and Social Affairs) are
developing a competency list for UN Convention (ie working out
legally how it will effect them practically)
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Analysis
Strengths:
 Increasing awareness of disability issues amongst policy makers and
programme staff
 Some commitment expressed in recent policy documents and in the signing of
the UN Convention
 Evidence of more NGOs getting funded for disability programmes from EC
 Contact person on disability nominated for each DG (strength and weakness)
Weaknesses:
 Lack of capacity for new issues in general
 Some policy statements have been made but yet to be translated into
strengthened action
 Failure to fully implement other commitments like child rights, gender equality
 Contact person in each DG (disability among many other issues in their
portfolio)
 Hesitation of taking on disability because it is perceived as complicated
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Analysis
Opportunities
 UN CRPD offers a new start in taking a more committed approach to
including disability
 Strengthening civil society organisations on disability issues
 Move towards decentralisation (more chance of influencing EC in
their delegations in each country)
 Donor Harmonisation (if other donors strengthen their approach to
disability this will have an influence)
Threats
 Issue fatigue/ issue competition
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Policies of selected European Member
States regarding disability in development
 Snapshot from selected countries
 “Old Europe” before extension rounds 04 + 07
 New members are in transition of becoming donors, little evidence on
development activities regarding persons with disabilities
 Performance on disability and development varies
Possible actions at EU member states government level:
 Disability specific or inclusive development policies/ Mainstreaming disability
 Bringing disability into dialogue with partner governments and other donors
 Implement specific programmes/ actions
 Earmarking of resources (human, technical, financial)
 Developing capacity (training own staff, developing tools)
 Partnership with disability organisations or DPOs
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Sweden:
 Swedish Policy for Global Development is rights based
 2001 policy for development cooperation in the education sector: Education
For All - A Human Right and Basic Need
 2002 Position Paper: Education, Democracy and Human Rights
 2003 Reference Paper: The right to education for children, young people and
adults with disabilities and special learning needs
 2005 Position Paper: Children and Adults with disabilities
Implementation:
 Supported ad hoc committee for UN CRPD
 Support WBU and World Federation of deaf-blind and have a partnership
agreement with SHIA (DPO umbrella organization with support to projects in
24 countries)
 Fund training run by SHIA ‘Advanced International Training Program on
Human Rights and Disability’
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Finland
 2003 “Label us Able” (STAKES), an evaluation of the disability dimension of
Finland’s development cooperation (5% of total budget on disability)
 2004 Human rights in development policy
 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland has outsourced the administration of
disability specific NGO-projects to FIDIDA (DPO umbrella organisation)
 2006 Education Strategy for Finland's Development Cooperation includes
disability
 2007 Finnish Development Policy Guidelines for the Health Sector includes
disability
UK
 2000 Disability, Poverty and Development
 2001 DFID and Disability: A Mapping of the Department for International
Development and Disability Issues’,
 2007 Internal implementation note ‘How to’ for field operational staff
 2007 grant by DFID to Federation of South African DPO umbrella organisation
for participatory research, capacity development and policy design
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France
 No specific disability and development policy or operational guidelines
Ireland
 Specific reference (half page) on disability in the White Paper, no implementation
note, or operational guidelines
Italy
 2003 Guidelines for Italian cooperation on themes concerning handicap
Luxemburg
 No specific policy on disability and development but do provide support to
disability programmes
The Netherlands
 No specific policy on inclusion of disability in development cooperation, but
implicitly included in health, education and human rights policy
 Italy, Norway and Finland are donors to the Multi-Donor Trust fund of GPDD
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Cooperation of European Commission with
Civil Society Organisations of the North
 2 year project “mainstreaming disability in development cooperation”
 www.make-development-inclusive.org
 Output is material and conferences about:
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Disability and HIV/AIDS
Disability in emergency situations
Disability and the MDG’s
UN CRPD
Inclusive PRSP
Mapping reports about disability and development
Website with resources on disability and development
Operational Manual for EC members for inclusion of disability
Disability sensitive indicators to use in program design and evaluation
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Possible areas of cooperation WB/GTZ/EU
 Universal guidelines on implementation of UN CRPD
 Aspiring member states to the EU are under pressure to adapt social policy to EU
and UN guidelines – assistance (technical and financial) needed
 Guidelines and support to national governments for establishing disability
indicators for surveys and census, and for the conduct of disability specific
surveys (prevalence and services)
 Guidelines (theoretical framework and approaches) for bi- and multilateral
agencies on including civil society in the south in development processes
 Creation of best practice (operational) for inclusive development in different
sectors – accessibility, education, employment, health, rehabilitation, social
protection, etc.
 Create program data on disability in mainstream programs (e.g. CCT’s, PA’s) in all
regions to examine the participation and outcomes of PwD in these programs
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Thanks
[email protected]
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