Transcript Document 7496850

Next Generation OBIGGS:
Developments at Phyre
Technologies
Santosh Y. Limaye
Phyre Technologies, Inc.
November 2, 2005
Atlantic City, NJ
Presented at International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection
Working Group Meeting
The Concept



Treat the ullage from the fuel tank to create
inert gas
Inexpensive catalytic system
Avoid the use of bleed air
This concept resulted from liquid fuel
de-oxygenation system development
High Heat Sink Fuels:
Enable Advanced Propulsion
Filamentous
Heat sink relative to JP-8
Amorphous
Condensation
14
>1300 F
12
Deposition is The Significant Challenge for High Heat Sink Fuels
10
pyrolytic deposits
thermal-oxidative
deposits
8
6
Combustor
900 F
4
550 F
2
325 F
300
425 F
0
400
200
JP-8 JP-8+100 JP-8+225 JP-900 Endo JP
Near term
Mid - Term
JP-8
500
600
300
JP-8+100 JP-8+225
700
800
400
Fuel Flow
900
1000
500
JP-900
1100
600
Fuel
Temperature, F
Fuel
Temperature, C
Endothermic fuels
High Heat Sink Fuels Benefits
• Increase Thrust-to-weight
– enables higher T41
• Reduce take-off gross weight
– reduce fuel recirculation & ram air HX wt
• Reduce component operating temp.
– higher heat sink capability
• Improve SFC
– enables higher T3 and P3
Quick Review of
De-Oxygenation System
Inert Gas
Contaminated
Fuel
Fuel Gas
Contactor
Removing dissolved oxygen in fuel
De-Oxygenated
Fuel Gas prevents
Separator
Fuel
premature oxidation; a primary cause of coking.
Inert Gas + O2
Dissolved oxygen = ch
o lVapor
esterol
+ Fuel
Oxygen free gas
Pump
For Recycling
Gas Treatment
System
Mass Transfer Issue
Mass Transfer Region
O2 Concentration Gradient
Diesel Droplet in N2 Gas
N2 Bubble in Diesel
Does it work? - O 2 Concentration (ppm)
60
YES!
Fuel O2 = 57.9 ± 5.4 ppm
50
40
N2 flow: 2.5 Liter/Min; lpm
30
O2 = 5 ppm
20
10
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Fuel Flow (lpm)
2.5
3
3.5
4
Results from Testing at AFRL
FDV Hysteresis - Pre-Post Test Comparison - Check #2
FDV Hysteresis - Pre-Post Test Comparison - Check #2
Run Number 79 Fuel Used: JP-8
Run Number 79 Fuel Used: JP-8
140.00
140.00
Run75
PreTest
120.00
PostTest
100.00
PostTest
100.00
Flow Rate, PPH
Flow Rate, PPH
Run79/81
PreTest
120.00
80.00
60.00
80.00
60.00
40.00
40.00
20.00
20.00
0.00
120.00
130.00
140.00
150.00
160.00
170.00
Actuation Delta-P (PSID)
0.00
120.00
Baseline JP-8
180.00
190.00
200.00
130.00
140.00
150.00
160.00
170.00
180.00
190.00
PADS Deox JP-8 (Catalyst)
200.00
Actuation Delta-P (PSID)
FDV Hysteresis - Pre-Post Test Comparison - Check #2
FDV Hysteresis - Pre-Post Test
ServoComparison
Valve 2 - Check #2
Run Number 80 Fuel Used:
Run Number 76 Fuel Used:
120
160.00
140.00
PreTest
140.00
100
120.00
PostTest
120.00
PreTest
PostTest
80
60.00
Run80
40.00
20.00
0.00
120.00
130.00
140.00
150.00
P
A
D
S
D
e
O
x
PADS Deox JP-8 (Nitrogen)
J
P
8
(
160.00
Actuation Delta-P (PSID)
170.00
180.00
190.00
200.00
Flow Rate, PPH
Flow Rate, PPH
80.00
Flow pph
100.00
100.00
60
80.00
40
60.00
20
40.00
20.00
Run76
0
100
0.00
120.00
125
130.00
140.00
150.00
150
175
Differential Pressure JP-8+100
160.00
170.00
180.00
190.00
200.00
Actuation Delta-P (PSID)
Pre-Test Increasing
Pre-Test Decreasing
Post-Test Increasing
Post-Test Decreasing
200
OBIGGS
Hydrocarbon Vapor
Volume Fraction (%)
OBIGGS Considerations
15
10
Flammability
Region
5
5
10
15
Oxygen
Volume Fraction (%)
20
Catalytic Inerting System (CIS):
Next Generation OBIGGS Concept
Make up air to consume hydrocarbon
vapor and pressure equalization
safety device
Pump
Air + Fuel Vapor
Fuel
PATENT PENDING
Water
trap
<10% oxygen + Fuel
vapor + CO2 H2O + N2
21% oxygen +
Fuel vapor + N2
Catalytic Gas Treatment System
CIS System Description
Reverse Flow Valve
Low Temp. air to air
Heat Exchangers
Inlet Oxygen
Sample Port
Blower
Heat Exchanger & Heaters
Reverse Flow
Valve
Catalyst Bed,
5” Dia x 4.5”length
Inlet
Size: 12”x12”x 40”
Capacity: 150 CFM
# of passes to 10% O2 : 3
Outlet
Control Unit
Power
Water Drain
Oxygen Sensors
Support Systems
Automatic Moisture
Drain Valves
Optional, High Removal Rate,
Vapor Fuel Control
CIS Catalytic Chemistry

Saturated vapor phase of fuel vapor :
C9H20 (Nonane)



As per DOT/FAA/AR-04/8 report
(page 12), the precise composition is
C9.05H18.01
Vapor pressure of Nonane is estimated
to be 8000 ppmv at 70F
Stoichiometric Reaction of 8000 ppmv
Nonane will consume 112,000 ppmv (or
11.2%) oxygen to provide 70,000 (7%)
and 40,000 (4%) ppmv of CO2 and H2O
Vapor Pressure of Nonane (Jet Fuel)
TC
TK
VP Pa
Atmospheres
-46.8
226.35
1
0.00001
-26
247.15
10
0.00010
0
273.15
100
0.00097
.008 @ 70F
34
307.15
1,000
0.00971
80.8
353.95
10,000
0.09709
150.3
423.45
100,000
0.97087
Stoichiometric Reaction
C9H20 + 14O2 + 52.67 N2  9 CO2 + 10 H2O + 52.67 N2
Oxygen Removal Rate
Corrected O2
Ratio
Corrected/Uncorrected
13.82
14.02
1.01
2
9.09
9.45
1.04
3
5.98
6.44
1.08
4
3.94
4.46
1.13
Pass #
O2 %
0
21.00
1
1. If H2O is removed from the product, additional fresh air is needed to
compensate the gas pressure in the reactant.
2. The corrected O2 column shows new concentration based on fresh addition
of air to replace water molecules.
3. Three passes will ensure reduction of O2 below 10%.
CSR Model: Oxygen Depletion Rate
For 450 Cu. Ft. Ullage
25.0%
20 scfm
40 scfm
60 scfm
Oxygen Content
20.0%
80 scfm
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
Plug Flow Reactor Model Numbers
(for comparison purposes)
0.0%
0
10
20
30
40
50
Time, Minutes
60
70
80
90
Experimental Schematic
Pump
Moisture trap
Post Catalyst O2 Conc.
Ullage O2 Conc.
Catalyst Downstream Temp.
CDT
Catalyst
Controller for heater
Oxygen Sensor*
Ullage Volume
VU
Fuel Volume
VF
Flow Rate
FR
Pressure gage
Experimental limitations:



Catalyst Temp.
CT
Flow Meter
Fuel Tank

Heater
Very small ullage volume
Limited flow rate control


Limitations on catalyst volume (smallest 1.2 cc)
Delayed response due to long oxygen sensor lines
Objective was proof of concept to validate theoretical calculations
Initial Results – Experiment #1
OBIGGS CATALYTIC CONVERTER TESTING
JP-8 Fuel @ Amb. Temp., Input/Output Vents 0.5" Above Fuel Level, no Sparging,
100,000/hr GHSV
25
212
210
20
Ullage % oxy
Oxygen (%)
15
Post Cat. % oxy
Lower Cat. Temp °F
Poly. (Ullage % oxy)
10
Poly. (Post Cat. % oxy)
CT = 460°F
CV = 1.2cc (29 balls)
VU = 1.5 liters
VF = 2.5 liter
FR = 2 l/m
VTE = 5.3 (for 10% O2)
206
204
Poly. (Lower Cat. Temp
°F)
5
202
0
200
0
2
4
6
Time (minutes)
8
10
12
Lower Cat. C. Temp. °F
208
Conclusion
Benefits

No need for bleed air, eliminate ozone destruction device

Low temperature process

Only power necessary: blower operation

Smaller foot-print, lighter weight, lower cost

Closed loop system

Ability to reduce oxygen level as well as fuel vapor level
Other Concerns Addressed
 Use of fuel vapor phase means no sulfur contamination, no corrosion
 Instead of purging the fuel vapor, it is consumed in the process, hence no VOC
emissions from the tank
 Ability to precisely control gas partial pressures
Next Steps



Prototype Development
Testing Phase
Strategic Partnership Development