Transcript Engineering for the new World: Information and Communication Technologies and Social Transformation

Engineering for the new World:
Information and Communication
Technologies and Social
Transformation
Professor Athula Ginige
School of Computing and Mathematics
University of Western Sydney
Australia
Talk Given to IESL – NSW Chapter –
October 2009
2009 Athula Ginige – AeIMS - Australia
What is Engineering
Ref: PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY: THE ROLE OF ENGINEERING IN SOCIETY, S.P. Nichols and
W.F. Weldon, Center for Electromechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
2009 Athula Ginige – AeIMS - Australia
Evolution of Engineering Disciplines
Civil Engineering
Leads back to 3000 BC
Mechanical Engineering
Leads back to 100 BC
Electrical Engineering
Leads back to 1900
Telecommunication Engineering
Leads back to 1840
Software Engineering
Early stages - 1955, As an Engineering Practise 1970’s
Web Engineering
In the Process of Making the history
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Branches of Engineering
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Since 2000 ICT is changing many things
Computing Power
Storage Capacity and Bandwidth
Electrical and
Electromagnetic
Commerce
X 10 to 10000
Business
eBusiness
Optical
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Learning
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The Internet and the World Wide
Web
eGovernment
eTransformation
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eLearning
Plummeting Transaction Cost
Government
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eCommerce
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Micro Changes  Macro Changes
Steam
Water
Heat / Temperature
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Social Transformation
1750
1850
1970
2000
?
Agricultural Society
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Industrial Society
Industrial RevolutionAugmenting Muscle Power
Invention of the Steam engine
 Discovery of Electricity and invention of
the electric motor
 Internal Combustion Engine
 Assembly Lines
 Automation

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Evolution of Organisational and
Management Structures
Large Scale Strategic Planning
Moving Forward
Monitoring divisional performance and
Intervening to adjust plans and activities
Alfred Sloan
Management Structures
Apply division of Labour to Management
Henry Ford
Assembly Lines
Brought work to worker -1890
Adam Smith
Concept of Division of Labour
Ref. Wealth of Nations - 1766
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Task
DNA of Industrial Society
Essential characteristics of the industrial
society.
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Standardisation --> Mass production
Specialisation --> Compartmentalised
structures
Synchronisation --> 9 to 5
Concentration
Maximisation
Centralisation
Industrial Society
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Advances in ICT
Computing Power
Storage Capacity and Bandwidth
Electrical and
Electromagnetic
X 10 to 10000
Optical
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The Internet and the World Wide
Web
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2009 Athula Ginige – AeIMS - Australia
 Athula Ginige, UWS
Plummeting Transaction Cost
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Increasing the Productivity in
Manufacturing

Machine tools with build in intelligence
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Robots
NC Machines
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Drastic reduction in set up time

This made it possible to go for small
batches which reduced the inventory cost
and increased the scheduling flexibility.
2009 Athula Ginige – AeIMS - Australia
Intelligent Processing of Information
Word of mouth
• Very limited in access
• Information is enriched
and customised.
Books
• Much wider access
• Information was
passive
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Computers
• Global access
• Information can be
enriched and
customised
Make and Sell vs Sense and Respond
Characteristic
Make and Sell
Sense and Respond
Mindset
Business as an efficient
way of making and
selling to a well defined
market segment
Business as an adaptive
system for responding to
unanticipated requests in
unpredictable environment
Example
Rail System
Taxi Company
Know-how
Embedded in products
Embedded in people and
processes.
Process
Mass Production
Mass Customisation
Organisation
Priority
Efficiency and
predictability
Flexibility and
Responsiveness
Profit focus
Profit margins on
products and economies
of scale
Return on investment and
economies of scope.
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Working across Silos
CURRENT:
OrganizationCentric “Silo”
Access
GOAL:
UserCentric
Access
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Process based Organisations
e
r
o
c
o
r
s
e
s
s
e
P
C
Support Processes
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Customer
Satisfaction
Customer
Request
Management
Processes
Task based to Process based Example
Major Business Processes
used at AMP
1.Customer
Order Processing
2.Programming Job
3.Production
4.Despatch Finished Goods
5.Purchases
6.Marketing
7.Prototyping
8.Inventory Control
9.Purchase Return
10.Goods Return
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Customer Queries
12. Accounts Receivable
13. Accounts Payable
14. Staff Recruitment
15. Payroll
16. Training
17. IT support process
18. QA and Inspection
19. Auditing
20. KPI reporting
11.
Changing Organisations:
Enterprise Engineering
Task based  To Process based
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An early Lesson
NSW State
Government
Aim: to carry out
eBusiness
Development Projects
for SMEs
University
UNISYS
Centre of
Excellence
in eBusiness
Technical
College
A project based approach did not Work
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Interactions with external World
Suppliers
Customers
Business
organisation
Government
Authorities
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Information
Material
Finance
Other
Businesses
Trust Relationships
Security
Convenience
Level of Service
Business Processes
External Business
Processes
Business
Processes
Marketing
Distribution
Internal Business
Processes
Production
Payroll

Business
organisation


Information
Material
Finance
Employees
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Organisation Structure
Nature of Interactions
External
Entities
Business
Processes
Employees
Business
Organisation
2009 Athula Ginige – AeIMS - Australia
Information
Material
Finance
Trust Relationships
Security
Convenience
Level of Service
Impact of Information Technology
External
Entities
Technology
Business
Processes
Information
Material
Finance
Trust Relationships
Security
Convenience
Level of Service
Technology
Employees
Business
Organisation
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From Atoms to Bits
External Processes
External
Entities
Technology
Marketing
Information
Two way
Communication
Business
Processes
Payment and
follow up
Basic
Web Site
Interactive
Site
eCommerce
Site
Technology
Employees
Business
Organisation
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Organisational Efficiency
Internal Processes
External
Entities
Technology
Business
Processes
Technology
Enterprise
Wide
Applications
Employees
Communication
Infrastructure
Business
Organisation
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Productivity
Tools
Effective
Enterprise
Effective
Team
Effective
Individual
Organisational Efficiency
Convergence and New Processes
Basic
Web Site
Interactive
Site
eCommerce
Site
Convergence
Effective
Enterprise
Effective
Team
New
Processes
SCM
CRM
KM
Effective
Individual
Organisational Efficiency
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Convergence - Integration
Finance
Links to
Suppliers
Production
Purchasing
Corporate
Data
Repository
Links to
Distributors
Marketing
Human
Resources
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Interactive
Web site
External Processes
No Website
External Processes
Basic Website
Interactive Site
E-Commerce
Site
Integrated
Enterprise
Internal Processes
Process Sophistication
eTransformation Roadmap
Effective
Organisation
Effective Team
Effective
Individual
No Computers
2009 Athula Ginige – AeIMS - Australia
Internal Processes
Organisation Competitiveness
New Processes
Workflow, Technology and People
Business
Process
Task
Linkage
Business
Process
Task
Interconnection Information
Technology
Technology
Interconnection
Technology
Interface
Cooperation
Competence
People
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People
Cooperation
People
Process Sophistication
Functionality
External Processes
Linkage
Internal Processes
Business
Process
Task
Basic
Basic
Website
Website

External Processes
Interactive
Interactive
Site
Site
E-Commerce
E-Commerce
Site
Site

Effective
Effective
Individual
Individual

Effective
Effective
Team
Team

Convergence
Convergence
New
New
Processes
Processes
Effective
Effective
Organisation
Organisation
Internal Processes
eTransformation Methodology
Understanding
Global Change
Business Strategy
Responding to
Change
eTransformation
Strategy
User
Training
Business Process
Modeling
System
Implementation
Business Process
Re-engineering
Implementing
Change
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Workflow, Technology,
People
Roadmap for beyond
eTransformation
Collaborative
Organisations
Ubiquitous
Organisations
Integrated
Enterprise
Process-oriented
Organisation
Learning and
Knowledge based
Organisations
…………
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People – Technology – Tasks 
Systems
Tasks
Processes
Organisations and
Organisation Structures
2009 Athula Ginige – AeIMS - Australia
External Factors
People
Technology
Machinery and
Information
Systems
Social Transformation
1750
Agricultural Society
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1850
1970
Industrial Society
2000
Information Society
Engineering for the new World
Climate Change
Health Care
Poverty Elevation
……………
Information and Communication Technology
Genetics
Nano technology
Bio Technology
……………
Ref: PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY: THE ROLE OF ENGINEERING IN SOCIETY, S.P. Nichols and
W.F. Weldon, Center for Electromechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
2009 Athula Ginige – AeIMS - Australia