Transcript Document 7173764

16th General Session of AARDO
An Overview of
Policies and Programmes
Ministry of Rural Development
Government of India
Mahatma Gandhi’s Talisman
"I will give you a talisman. Whenever you are in doubt,
or when the self becomes too much with you, apply the
following test.
Recall the face of the poorest and the weakest man
[woman] whom you may have seen, and ask yourself, if
the step you contemplate is going to be of any use to
him [her]. Will he [she] gain anything by it? Will it
restore him [her] to a control over his [her] own life and
destiny? In other words, will it lead to swaraj [freedom]
for the hungry and spiritually starving millions?
Then you will find your doubts and your self melt
away”
Challenges : The Poorest and The Weakest
15% of World’s Population live on less than $1/day
40% of World’s Population live on less than $2/day
More than 850 million suffer from hunger
One in 7 people go to bed hungry
17000 children die every day from hunger
25% of the world’s poor live in India
73% of India’s poor live in rural areas
Source : Policy Research Working Paper World Bank August 2008
850 Million Hungry People
Where are they?
Who are they?
Others
(30m, 4%)
Sub-Saharan
Africa
(206m, 24%)
Pastoralists/
Fishermen (8%)
Asia & Pacific
(without India)
(312m, 37%)
Urban Poor
(20%)
Marginal
Farmers
(50%)
North East and
North Africa, (38m, 4%)
Latin America and
Caribbean (52m, 6%)
Landless
Rural Poor
(22%)
India
(212m, 25%)
Source : FAO estimates of 2006
Causes for Poverty and Vulnerability
Little control over their own Life And Destiny
Employment Insecurity and Low Incomes
Lack of Control over Common Resources
Lack of Assets and Entitlements
Low Productivity of Assets
Illiteracy, Poor Health and Nutritional Status
Lack of Access to Credit, Information & Technology
Poverty in India
Poverty Ratio
60
51
44
40
38
35
30
27.5
20
Poverty Ratio
10
0
1973-74
1977-78
1983
1987-88
1993-94
2004-05
Years
Absolute Poor in India
350
Poor in million
Poverty Ratio (%)
55
50
329
321
300
323
264
261
320
307
252
244
232
250
302
221
200
150
100
50
Total
Rural
0
1973-74
1977-78
1983
1987-88
Years
Source : As per NSSO rounds India
1993-94
2004-05
India’s Vision for the future
India has outlined targets based on
the Millennium Development Goals
(MDG)
The first goal is to Eradicate
Extreme Poverty and Hunger
“Inclusive Growth” and “Paradigm
Shift in Approach” are the Mainstay
“Inclusive Growth” - The New Social Agenda
In order to bring about sustainable
development in the rural sector, the Prime
Minister has time and again emphasized the
need for inclusive growth.
“…we have to ensure inclusive and equitable
growth, we need to knit and integrate our rural
areas…. We cannot allow India to be divided
into two distinct zones.”
Dr. Manmohan Singh
Prime Minister, India
“Paradigm Shift in Approach”
Programmes of Rural Development
aim at Universal
Coverage
are Time
Bound
follow
Participatory
Approach
are Demand
Driven
aim at
Empowerment of
the Poor
have built in
Transparency and
Accountability
Ministry of Rural Development
Strategy and Schemes
Guaranteeing Wage Employment
National Rural Employment Guarantee
Act (NREGA)
Promoting Self Employment
Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar
Yojana (SGSY)
Ministry of Rural Development
Strategy and Schemes
Ensuring Rural Connectivity
Prime Minister’s Gram Sadak Yojana
(PMGSY)
Facilitating Rural Housing
Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY)
Providing Social Security
National Social Association Programme
(NSAP)
Ministry of Rural Development
Strategy and Schemes
Providing Safe Drinking Water
Accelerated Rural Water Supply
Programme (ARWSP)
Improving Hygiene and Sanitation
Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC)
Enhancing Land Productivity
Integrated Wasteland Management
Programme (IWMP)
Guaranteeing Land Rights
National Land Records Modernisation
Programme (NLRMP)
Wage Employment
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005
An Act to provide for
the enhancement
of livelihood security of
the households in rural
areas of the country
by providing at least
one hundred days of
Guaranteed wage
employment in
every financial year to
every household
whose adults volunteer to
do unskilled manual work
Objectives
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)
Primary
Supplement employment
opportunities
Auxiliary
Regenerate natural resource
base for sustainable
development and enhanced
rural livelihood
Process outcomes
Promote inclusive growth and
strengthen grass root
processes of democracy
National Overview-Outcomes
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
(estimated)
Employment Provided
21.0 millions
Households
33.9 millions
Households
45 millions
Households
Persondays Generated
905.0 millions
1435.9 millions
2250 millions
Women 41%
Women 43%
Women 50%
1.78 million
2.5 million
Works Taken up
TOTAL DISTRICTS: 615
Phase I NREGA(200)
(commenced 2.02.06)
Phase II NREGA(130)
(extended on 1.4.07)
Phase III NREGA(285)
(notified on 28.9.07)
0.83 million
Total Expenditure
$1.76 billion
$3.17 billion
$ 5.8 billion
Earning Per Household Per year
Rs. 2,800 ($56) Rs. 3150($63)
Rs. 4500 ($ 90)
Impact on National Resource Base Regeneration
Water Conservation
Rural
connectivity,
15%
Land Development
Irrigation Facility
for Weaker
Sections, 18%
Water
Conservation,
45%
Irrigation Facility for
Weaker Sections
Land
Development,
22%
Rural Connectivity
Promoting Inclusive Growth
Coverage of Vulnerable
Coverage of
OTHERS,
Coverage of
SCs, 30%
46%
WOMEN
50%
Coverage of
STs, 24%
Coverage of Women
Strengthening Grassroot Processes of Democracy
Large Scale Capacity
Building – 0.714 million
PRIs functionaries
trained
Financial Inclusion52.7 million bank /
post office accounts
opened
Social Audits Conducted 0.172 million GPs
Grievance Redressal
Mechanism – Helpline
and Lok Adalats
IT based MIS – 9.0 million
Muster Rolls and 52 million
Job Cards on website
Impact on Poverty
Major Increase in Wage Income
Reduction in Distress Migration
Enhanced Food Security
Higher Land Productivity
Increase in Wage Rates
Equal Wages for Men and Women
Improvement in Wage Negotiation Power
Financial Inclusion
Insurance of Wage Earners
Major Safety Net
Self Employment
Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)
Social
mobilization
of poor
Self Employment
and
Skill Development
Empowerment
of Women
Key Elements of SGSY
A Self Help Group
(SHG) is formed
with 10-20
members
Habit for saving
is inculcated
Internal lending
is encouraged
Group dynamism
is strengthened
Economic Activities under SGSY
Projects are
decided in
association with
banks
Cluster
approach is
followed
Credit and
subsidy are
provided
Critical gaps in
infrastructure are
filled up
Market
opportunities
are explored
Outcomes of SGSY
12
Series1
10.5 million
10
8
5.0 million
6
4
2.917 million
2
0
SHGs Formed
Assisted
Assisted
Beneficiaries
Women
Investment on Programme $4571.6 million
Marketing Rural Products
Marketing is one of the crucial
aspects of SGSY to ensure that
products made by rural BPL
families are sold at reasonable
prices. This involves exploring
new markets and constantly
refining the product quality.
Since 2003-04, SARAS Fairs
have been organised in different
parts of the country and more
than 30000 Rural SHGs/Artisans
have benefited from these Fairs.
Rural Connectivity
Prime Minister Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
A programme to provide good all-weather roads to all unconnected rural
habitations with a population of more than
500 in plain areas
250 in hilly areas
Status of Road Network
•
•
•
•
•
Total length of the Road Network in India
National Highways
State Highways & Major District Roads
Rural Roads
Status in Year 2000
2%
14%
3.2 million km
65,600 km (2 %)
0.43 million km (14%)
2.7 million km (84%)
0.33 million (40%) out of
0.825 million rural
habitations unconnected.
84%
Rural Roads
State Highways & Major District Roads
National Highways
Key Interventions for
Effective Programme Management
Systematic Network Planning
Community and Stakeholder Participation
Project Preparation and Selection Process
Setting Standards and Transparency
Standardisation of Bidding Process
Quality Monitoring
Online Monitoring
Planned Maintenance of Road Assets
Progress under PMGSY
Construction of Roads
Coverage of Habitation
180000
166994
160000
800000
140000
700000
120000
600000
100000
500000
80000
400000
52099
60000
300000
32422
40000
733279 (kms)
200000
181223 (kms)
159891 (kms)
100000
20000
0
0
Total unconnected
habitations
Habitations
connected
Habitations where
work is in progress
Total length to be Length of roads Length of roads
completed
completed
under construction
Transforming Rural Lives
Increased access to market, health and education
Investment of One Million Rupees enables 165 poor people to move above poverty line
Source : IFPRI, Research Report 110, 1999
Rural Housing – Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY)
Main Features
Grant of $700 in plain areas &
Rs. $770 in hilly/difficult areas
provided for house construction
Beneficiaries are selected
according to their poverty status
as determined by household
survey
Rural Housing – Impact of IAY
Since inception, 19.0 million houses have been constructed
One of the popular schemes
- Beneficiaries construct houses themselves
- No contractor is involved
- Sanction is in the name of the women
Evaluation studies reveal
- High level of satisfaction
- Positive impact on health and hygiene
- Reduction in poverty and vulnerability
Initiatives and Reforms
Earmarking for weaker section
Ensuring accurate targeting
- Permanent IAY Waitlists are prepared
Draft National Rural Housing and Habitat Policy
- Affordable Housing for All
- Development for Sustainable and Inclusive Habitat
Social Security
National Social Assistance Programmes
The Constitution of India directs the State to provide public assistance
in the case of
Old age
Sickness
Disablement
Others cases of
undeserved want
Indira Gandhi National Old Age
Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS)
Old age pension is provided to
- All persons of 65 years or higher and
- Belonging to a household below the poverty line
Universal coverage is envisaged
- All eligible are entitled to pension
- Scheme is not limited by budget
State Governments provide assistance for
- Widows &
- Physically Handicapped
Drinking Water Security in Rural India
Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP)
Providing public drinking water source to access potable drinking water
40 litre per capita per day (lpcd)
Additional 30 lpcd for cattle in desert areas
Within 1.6 km in plains or 100 meter
elevation in hill areas
Moving towards Drinking Water Security
Move from over-dependence on
single source to multiple sources
Reviving traditional water bodies and
creating dispersed storage reservoirs
Emphasis on recharge of tube wells
and ground water sources
Recycling of used water for a
sustainable water supply system
Moving towards Drinking Water Security
Encouraging household and
community Roof Water Harvesting
Water Quality Monitoring &
Surveillance
Focus on convergence of
resources, investments & schemes
Investment in scientific &
engineering models for catchments
treatment etc.,
Drinking Water Security in Rural India
We believe users of water
are the best managers of water…
Sanitation for all 2012
Total Sanitation Campaign
Information, Education, Communication (IEC) to
generate Demand
Low cost options made available through chain of
Sanitary Marts and Production Centers
Catching them young - Toilets in all Schools and
Child Care Centers
Solid & Liquid waste management
Gender Sensitive Programme
Women as prime movers towards
total sanitation
Involvement of women in all
activities
Campaign targeted to provide
safety, pride, dignity of women
Addressing sanitation needs of
women
Progress under Total Sanitation Campaign
1000
119
(in million)
100
49.2
10
1.187
1
0.727
0.429
0.227
0.1
IHHL
School Toilet Units
Target
Achievement
IHHL: Individual Household Latrines
Anganwadi Units
A Unique Initiative
Nirmal Gram Puraskar (NGP)
NGP is a unique tool for taking a difficult programme into a high gear
NGP recognizes the contribution of grass-roots Panchayat leaders
This motivation has galvanized the implementation of TSC
It has led to declaration of Open Defecation Free Villages
Hon’ble President of India himself gives away awards under NGP
Open Defection Free
Villages
Nirmal Gram Puraskar Winners
100000
10000
1000
100
10
1
2004
2005
2006
2007
Achieving Sanitation Goals
58.75
53.81
60
Coverage of Household (percentage)
44.79
50
37.66
40
30.59
27.35
30
21.92
22.38
22.86
20
10
0
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
Series1
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-2009
Development of Land Resources
Integrated Wasteland Management Programme
Checks land degradation by treatment of wastelands on watershed basis
Strengthens natural resources through community participation
Provides for drought proofing and combating desertification
Provides livelihood opportunities to landless people
Focuses on poverty alleviation, and development of economic resources
Ensuring Land Rights for the poor
Land Reform Acts
National Land Records Modernization
Programme (NLRMP)
National Rehabilitation & Resettlement Policy, 2007
Premier institutions of the Ministry
National Institute of Rural Development (NIRD) : An Apex Institute
-
Conducts training for rural development functionaries
Carries out Research Studies
Provides Consultancy Services
Runs a PG Diploma Course in “Rural Development Management”
In 2007-08, 277 training programmes were conducted for 7138 participants
Premier institutions of the Ministry
Council for Advancement of People’s Action and Rural Technology
(CAPART)
-
Supports Non Governmental Organizations to implement rural
development projects
Promotes Appropriate Rural Technologies
Lessons for
Governance and Delivery Mechanisms
Create Rights and Legal Guarantees for rural poor
Decentralise Planning and Implementation
Set up well defined Systems with clear Guidelines
Involve Partners and Stakeholders
Converge Schemes with Common Objectives
Incentivise Achievements
Ensure Transparency and Accountability
Use IT platform for effective Monitoring
Establish Grievance Redressal Mechanism
Moving Towards the
Millennium Development Goals
Indicator
MDG Target
Value by 2015
Status
Proportion of population
below poverty line
18.75(%)
Latest surveys show poverty at 27.50 (%)
well on target to reaching the goal.
Literacy rate of
15-24 year olds
100.00 (%)
Literacy has gone up to over 76 (%)
for this age group.
Infant Mortality rate
(per 1000 live births)
27.00
India’s rate already has come down from
80 in 1990 to 58 in 2006.
Population with access
to water source (rural)
80.5 (%)
India has already touched 82 percent.
Population with access to
sanitation (rural)
72 (%)
It is expected to achieve the target by 2012
itself.
Source: MDG India Country Report, M/o Statistics & Programme
Implementation.
“ Be the change you
want to see in the
world”
Mahatma Gandhi 1927