Transcript E S Change Has Begun – High Performance Schools and Technologies Lorenz V. Schoff Energy Consultant “Finding Little Energy Inefficiencies, Generating Big Energy Savings”

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Change Has Begun –
High Performance Schools
and Technologies
Lorenz V. Schoff
Energy Consultant
“Finding Little Energy Inefficiencies, Generating Big Energy Savings”
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Agenda
• Topics or areas to be covered today:
–
Background on Schools
– High Performance Design / New Technologies
– HP Schools around the Country
– Bottom-line
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• DID YOU KNOW??
• 14,800+ Districts – 54 Mil. Students – Public and Private
• Average District Size is 1040 Students
• Average age of nations schools 43+ years
• Majority of schools built before 1970
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• DID YOU KNOW??
• GAO Report -- 41% report unsatisfactory energy
efficiency
• As much as $275+ billion needed to improve nations
schools
• Approx. $58 million is schools constructed daily
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• DID YOU KNOW??
Some other little know energy info in schools:
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Average cost per student for Energy -- $155, 300+
Cost per square foot range from $0.30 to over $2.50
Cost to leave a computer on from $0.01 to 0.03/hr
Copier left on all day and night up to $150+/year
Cost to run a Soft Drink Machine – up to $300/year
A leaking faucet – 20 drips per min – $3.15/year
Urinals -- $450/year in water/sewer/maintenance
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Design Issues High
Performance
What elements form the foundation for a
High Performance School?
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Environmentally Responsive Site Planning
•
Energy Efficient Building Shell
•
Day-lighting
•
High Performance HVAC
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High Performance Lighting / Electrical Systems
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Renewable Energy
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Design Issues High
Performance
More elements that form the foundation for a
High Performance School…
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Indoor Air Quality
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Acoustical, Visual, Thermal Comfort
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Environmentally Preferable Materials & Products
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Energy Analysis Tools, Life Cycle Cost Analysis,
Commissioning
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Water Efficiency
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Safety & Security
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
Environmentally Responsive Site Planning

Conserve Existing Natural Areas

Minimize Storm water Runoff – Erosion Control
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Use Site to Enhance Building Performance
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Building Orientation

Use Prevailing winds
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Trees and Topography
Reduce Heat Islands; Light Pollution
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
Day-Lighting

H-M-G Study in 1999 – Re-validated in 2002
California,
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Washington, Colorado Schools
Results
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Reading tests scores improved up to 26%
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Math test scores improved up to 20%

North Carolina – Mid 90’s
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Similar Results
www.H-M-G.com
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Light Shelves and Roof Overhang
• Light shelves can shade vision
apertures
• Light shelves can bounce light
on to ceiling to increase even light
penetration into space
• Overhangs should be added to
south-facing windows to prevent
glare and to reduce solar heat
gain.
Roof Overhang
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
Indoor Air Quality
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Resent study results – CO2 association with
Student Attendance – Washington /Idaho
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Findings – more studies needed
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10-20% relative increases in student
absence with increases of CO2 levels
above 1000 ppm
www.energy.wsu.edu/ftp-ep/pubs/building/iaq/nl/03_fall_iaq_nl.pdf
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
High Performance HVAC

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Use High Efficiency Equipment/Systems
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Pulse Boilers/Modular Boilers
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Heat Recovery Systems
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Displacement Ventilation
Size it Right
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Controls
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DDC, Occupancy Sensors, CO2 Sensors
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Displacement Ventilation
• Fresh cool air is slowly
supplied near the floor – 6365 F
• Air rises as it warms.
• Air is exhausted near the
ceiling.
Courtesy H. L. Turner Group
E S HP SCHOOL BUILDING ELEMENTS
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High Performance Electrical Systems/Strategies
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Quality of Light Impacts – Learning and Teaching
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Proper Light Levels – Do not over illuminate
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Proper Controls – Switching and Dimming
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Dark Schools Concept -- Fluorescent
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Mixing of Natural and Electric
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New Technology
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T-5 vs. T-8
LED
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Classrooms Lighting Controls
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• Motion sensing with manual
override.
• Separate switches for lights near
a side window and for lights near
an interior wall.
• Automatic daylight dimming is an
option.
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E S HP SCHOOL BUILDING ELEMENTS
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Dark Schools (Dark Sky’s) – Fluorescent Exterior
Fixtures and Lamps
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Currently providing light for Vandalism
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Operating based on “it has always been done that way”
Metal Halide or High Pressure Sodium used outside
“Because”

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If Building Secured, why are lights needed?
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Reduction in Electric Use from 10-15% possible
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Match Use to NEED, Not just because
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Consider Fluorescent Lamps for Exterior – Significant savings
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There’s Gold In
Them There Halls
Just Open the Door and the
Nugget
Will be revealed
New Technology will
Save $1000’s
Per Year
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Energy Being Lost Behind
Closed Doors
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Modern Loads reduce Efficiency and Power
Quality
Electrical systems deliver
optimum performance
when feeding continuous
“linear” loads:
• motors
• incandescent lighting
• resistive heating
Electronics are everywhere
- computers, lab, diagnostic & operating
equipment, & patient care
Variable Speed Drives run Ventilation System
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First Cost is only 4% of Total Ownership cost for
Typical Commercial Dry-type Transformer
4%
Purchases
First Cost
Life Cycle Operating
Cost
96%
Operating cost (transformer losses) are ignored,
yet offer by far the largest opportunity for savings
Why First Cost Dominates Purchasing Process
– End user, who pays for losses, is rarely involved in the purchasing process
– End user is not educated to the potential savings
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Study documents lightly loaded transformers in many
applications
RMS Average Load Factor
Figure ES-4
RMS Average Transformer Loads by Building Type
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
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Metered Load Factors for Low-Voltage, Dry-Type Transformers in Commercial,
Industrial, and Public Buildings
The Cadmus Group Inc. 12/7/99, Prepared for Northeast Energy Efficiency Partnership
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DOE Study Findings
• Aging Infrastructure
• 70% of buildings built before 1980
• 50% of buildings built before 1970
• CONSEQUENCE:
• up to 70% of installed transformers are approaching end of life
• Transformers are lightly loaded
• about 35% load
• 60-80 Billion kWh losses annually
• 40 Million Dry Transformers
• $3-4 Billion Annually
• 9 days generating capacity
• Power Generation is large
source of air pollution
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Energy Efficient Transformers
Standard 75kVA
VS.
Energy Saver Transformer
The difference is at least
7 x 100W light bulbs
Would you leave the lights on for 50 years ?
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LEED For Schools Document
• A new LEED Document for Schools being
developed
• How credits can be achieved in schools will be
included
• New Credits – Proposed (77 Credits total)
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Acoustics – Minimum (Prerequisite); Enhanced
Master Planning
Mold Prevention
Joint Use
Design for Durability
3 D Teaching Tool
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Where are Schools?
What are the Results?
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Caywood Elementary
Light Shelves
Kenton County Public Schools
• Day-lighting and Day-lighting
Controls
• HP HVAC and Lighting
Saved over $33,000 in 7 month
Operates at 50% less of the other
elementary schools in the District
Operates -- average $0.06 per SF per
month.
Opened Aug 05
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Light Shelves
Caywood Elementary, KY
Opened Aug 05
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Results to-date
• Saved over $33,000 in 7 month
• Operates at 50% less of the other elementary schools in the
District
• Operates -- average $0.06 per SF per month.
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Twenhofel Middle School
Kenton County Schools, KY
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Light Monitors
PV Panels
High Performance Design Features:
1.
Mechanical Platform / Geothermal /
Commissioning
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Curriculum Integration
3.
Rainwater Collection System
4.
Vital Signs System
5.
Solar Panel Design
6.
Energy Efficient Transformers
Twenhofel Middle School
Kenton County Schools, KY
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Moseley & Associates
Virginia Beach
Schools
Opened in Sept 2005
Day-lighting
Day-lighting Controls
Waterless Urinals
HP HVAC
HP Lighting
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Clearview Elementary,
Hanover PA
Opened in 2003
LEED Gold
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Day-lighting
Under-floor Ventilation
Lighting Controls
Waterless Urinals
CO2 Sensors
L. Robert Kimball & Associates
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Fort Collins
Colorado
2004 High School
Day-lighting
Ice Storage
Condensing Boiler
Heat Recovery
PV Panels
Energy Star Goal – 90
Energy Cost /SF -- $0.40
Opened in 2004
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Cuba
Middle/High School
Sept 2004
Illinois
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SHW Group
Windmill
Cistern
PV Panel
Day-lighting
Roy Lee Walker
McKinney, Texas
Sun Dial
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Smith Middle School
Chapel Hill, NC
CORELY REDFOOT ZACK, A&E
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Rashkis
Chapel Hill
NC
CORELY REDFOOT ZACK, A&E
HPS –
WHERE??
NC
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Moseley Architects
Third Creek Elementary
Statesville, NC
LEED GOLD
School
92,500 SF
800 Students
$106/SF
Open Fall 2002
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Light
Shelves
Third Creek Elementary
Statesville, NC
Moseley Architects
Waterless Urinals
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HPS –
WHERE?? KS
Kansas
City
Liberty View Elementary
Olathe, Kansas
Displacement Ventilation
Raised Flooring
T-8 Indirect Lighting
Variable Frequency Motors
Pulse Boilers
40% Reduction
Larson Binkley, Inc – Leawood KS
Raised Floor
Area
Section
Easy change
Communication
Arrangement
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OREGON
T-5 Lights and Sensors
Geo Exchange System
Natural Lighting
Light Tubes
Natural Ventilation
EMS
Light Screens
Light Shelves
50-60% less Energy
BOORA Architects
THE DALLES Middle School
Columbia River
Open September 2002
Capacity 600
LEED Gold Registered
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Does HP design = HP school?
NO
 Individuals Design and Construct Buildings,
buildings do not happen on Paper or sprout
from the Ground
 Education and knowledge of Integrated/HP
Design and Construction by all members of
the Design Team are the keys to success
EDUCATE! EDUCATE! EDUCATE!
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Does HP School = Energy Efficient
School ?
NO
 People operate buildings, buildings do not
operate themselves
 Energy awareness and knowledge are the keys
to success
EDUCATE! EDUCATE! EDUCATE!
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Building and Operating high performance schools today is
essential for the future of our nation and its students.
If you do not begin today, you are mortgaging the future of your
children and your grandchildren.
If you do not start now, when will you start?
THE FUTURE IS NOW
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Questions