Transcript An overview of Italian agriculture and food industry Federica Piersimoni ISTAT - Italian National Institute of Statistics Agriculture Service [email protected] Joint UNECE/EUROSTAT/FAO/OECD Meeting on Food and Agricultural.

An overview of Italian
agriculture and food industry
Federica Piersimoni
ISTAT - Italian National Institute of Statistics
Agriculture Service
[email protected]
Joint UNECE/EUROSTAT/FAO/OECD Meeting
on Food and Agricultural Statistics in Europe
Rome, 29 June – 1 July 2005
Contents
I/O tables
Consumption
Output
Agriculture
Agri - food
Foreign trade
Employment - NA
Added value
Gross fixed investments
Employment
Intermediate
consumption
Industrial census
Agricultural census
Input-output accounts
Output of agriculture, forestry and fishing
Agriculture, forestry and
fishing
Output of manufacture of food products
and beverages
Manufacture of food
products and beverages
0,4 5,9
8,2
8,9
Other industries
2,8
Agriculture, forestry and
fishing
Manufacture of food
products and beverages
12,7
2,7
Other industries
Hotels and restaurants
Hotels and restaurants
14,2
Other services
37,8
38,4
1,2
Final consumptions
0,8 3,7
57,4
Other services
4,4
Final consumptions
Gross investments
Exports
Exports
Input of agriculture, forestry and fishing
Input of food processing sector
17,0
17,5
2,6
Agriculture, forestry and
fishing
Agriculture, forestry and
fishing
82,5
Manufacture of food
products, beverages and
tobacco
Imports
80,3
Imports
Added value at basic prices
•Italian economy: slowing down
from 2002
Agriculture, forestry
and fishing
12
Agriculture, hunting
and forestry
7
Fishing
Industry (excluding
construction)
2
92
- 319
-8
94
9
1
96
9
1
98
9
1
00
0
2
02
0
2
04
0
2
Food, beverages and
tobacco industries
Food industries
Beverage and tobacco
industries
TOTAL
- 13
•Agriculture:
from
2000
a
negative rate of growth till 2004
•Contribution to GDP
constant from 1992  3%
almost
•Industry: quite positive growth
in the nineties till 2001
•Food, beverages and tobacco:
trend rather different; from
2001 a total increase of 6%
•Contribution to GDP
constant from 1992  2%
almost
Output at basic prices
Output
Agriculture, forestry
and fishing
9,0
Fishing
•Agriculture:
from
2000
negative rate of growth
Industry (excluding
construction)
•From 1999 a decrease of –8,4%
Agriculture, hunting
and forestry
4,0
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
- 1,0
- 6,0
Food, beverages and
tobacco industries
Food industries
Beverage and tobacco
industries
Total
- 11,0
•Italian economy: from 1994
always a positive rate of growth
with a slowing down from 2001
a
•Industry: quite positive growth
in the nineties till 2001
•Food, beverages and tobacco:
in the second half of the nineties,
worse trend; from 2000 a better
performance
•From 1999 an increase of +10,7%
Output, intermediate consumption
and added value at basic prices
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
Output
Intermediate consumption
Value added
Food, beverages and tobacco industries
Output
Intermediate consumption
Value added
Quantities
2001
2002
- 0,4
- 2,1
- 0,2
1,8
- 0,5
- 3,9
-0,4
-0,4
-0,3
5,1
5,3
4,2
2003 2001
- 4,0
4,1
- 1,6
4,3
- 5,2
3,9
1,3
1,3
1,0
Constant values
3,8
3,5
4,6
Prices
2002 2003
2,1
5,5
0,5
2,3
2,8
7,1
1,3
-0,2
5,8
2,7
2,1
4,4
2001
3,6
4,1
3,4
Values
2002
- 0,0
2,3
- 1,2
2003
1,2
0,7
1,5
3,4
3,1
4,2
6,4
5,1
10,2
4,0
3,4
5,5
Current values
Gross fixed investments
Agriculture,
forestry and
fishing
25
Agriculture,
hunting and
forestry
20
15
Fishing
10
5
-10
-15
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
-5
1992
0
Industry
(excluding
construction)
Food, beverages
and tobacco
industries
Total
•Agriculture: increases at the end
of the nineties, then negative trend
•In 2002 and 2003, greater rate of
growth in comparison to total
investments
•BUT…. agriculture is loosing
weight!!! In 1976, 7,2%, in the
nineties 4-5%, last three years 4,3%
on the total investments
•Food, beverages and tobacco: in
the nineties there have been high
increases of the investments in this
sector
•FBT is gaining weight: in 1976 6,5%,
in 2001 9,9% of the industrial
investments
Investments in Agriculture: 58% machinery and
29% buildings
Investments in Food, beverages and tobacco
industries: 74% machinery
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
Agriculture, hunting and forestry
Fishing
Industry (excluding construction)
Food, beverages and tobacco
Total
Values 2001
% var 01/00
% distribution
constant
constant
current
current constant current
values
values
values
values values 1995 values
1995
1995
9.058 9.999
4,2
-4,6
-2,9
4,3
8.711 9.613
4,0
-4,9
-3,1
4,1
348
387
0,2
2,7
3,5
0,2
53.671 60.128
25,0
-0,4
1,8
25,2
5.289 5.963
2,5
2,3
4,6
2,5
213.121 240.564
1,9
4,2
100 100,0
Employment (National Accounts)
•Agriculture: -4,9% in last three
years = more than 55.000
employees
•In 2004, 51,8% subordinate and
48,2% self-employed (respectively
48% and 52% in 1992)
•6,9% of total employment in
1992, in last three years only the
4,4%
2.500,0
Employees and TLU
(thousands of units)
2.000,0
•FBT: +9,3% in last three years
with different rates for F or BT
•In 2004, 76% subordinate and
24% self-employed (respectively
72% and 28% in 1992)
•About
9%
of
industrial
employment (growing in last three
years)
520,0
Employees and TLU
(thousands of units)
510,0
500,0
490,0
1.500,0
480,0
1.000,0
Agriculture, forestry
and fishing (EMP)
470,0
Agriculture, forestry
and fishing (TLU)
460,0
Food, beverages and
tobacco industries
(EMP)
Food, beverages and
tobacco industries
(TLU)
450,0
500,0
440,0
20
04
20
02
20
00
19
98
19
96
19
94
20
04
20
02
20
00
19
98
19
96
19
94
19
92
19
92
430,0
-
Employment (National Accounts)
Agriculture, forestry
and fishing
10,0
8,0
Agriculture, hunting
and forestry
6,0
Fishing
4,0
2,0
Industry (excluding
construction)
20
03
20
01
19
99
19
97
19
93
- 2,0
19
95
-
Food, beverages and
tobacco industries
- 4,0
Food industries
- 6,0
Beverage and tobacco
industries
- 8,0
Total
- 10,0
Import-export trade
•Agriculture:
imports almost constant in last five years (-0,6%)
exports (-1,8%) with an up and down trend
•Fishery:
imports +13% in last five years (above all EU-25 fish farming)
exports (-9%), above all to EU-25
•Manufacturing: imports +7,6% in last five years
exports +6,3% in last five years
•FBT:
imports +13% in last five years
exports +18% in last five years
Incidence of FBT to manufacturing about 6%
Almost 80% of imports comes from EU-25
About 65% of export goes to EU-25
Import-export trade
% composition of FBT in 2004
Tobacco products
100,0
0,1
7,9
90,0
Beverages
6,2
80,0
12,1
70,0
2,5
2,4
60,0
50,0
40,0
30,0
14,7
25,4
Other food products
Prepared anim al feeds
27,5
Grain m ill products, starches
and starch products
13,3
1,3
4,4
Dairy products
6,3
9,1
Vegetable and anim al oils and
fats
12,3
7,8
Fruit and vegetables
20,0
10,0
12,2
22,4
1,7
Fish and fish products
10,5
Meat and m eat products
0,0
Im port 04
Export 04
For agriculture:
•Imports: 36% cereals and
other crops; 24% fruit
•Exports: 51% fruit; 31%
vegetables
Import-export trade
Variations in value for
agriculture:
Decomposition in quntity and unitary
average values
IMPORTS
150
140
Agriculture and hunting productsQUANTITIES
Agriculture and hunting productsUAV
130
Fishing and fish farm ing products QUANTITIES
120
•Imports and exports:
variations of UAV (only in 2002
var. of quantity exchanged)
EXPORTS
150
140
Variations in value for fishing
and fish farming:
130
120
Fishing and fish farm ing products UAV
110
•Imports: variations of
quantities
110
Food products, beverages and
tobacco - QUANTITIES
100
100
90
Food products, beverages and
tobacco - UAV
90
80
Manufactured products - QUANTITIES
80
70
Manufactured products - UAV
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
•Exports: both UAV and quant.
70
2000
2001
Variations in value for manufacturing:
•Imports: variations of UAV
•Exports:variations of UAV and quant.
2002
2003
2004
Variations in value for FBT:
•Same as for fishing but for
exports, last 3 years UAV, in
2001 quantities
Consumption
Total consumption:
1996-2000 revival
2001-2002 stagnation
2003-2004 +2,3%
FBT consumption:
2004 total decrease of 0,9% (from 1996), above all for
fruit (-4,1%), sugar, jam, honey, syrups, chocolate and
pastry (-3,0%), mineral water, sparkling drinks and juices (2,9) and tobacco (-5,8%)
(except bread and cereals (+0,8%), fish (+1,9%), milk,
cheese and eggs (+0,6), other food products (+0,7%))
Consumption
Bread and cereals
25.000
Meat
Fish
20.000
Milk, cheese and eggs
% incidence of FBT on
total expenditure:
20,5% in 1992, 17,3%
in 2004
Oil and fats
Fruit
15.000
Vegetables (included
potatoes)
10.000
Sugar, jam , honey,
syrups, chocolate and
pastry
Other food products
Coffee, tea, cocoa
5.000
Mineral w ater,
sparkling drinks and
juices
Non-alcoholic
beverages
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
-
Analyzing expenditure in
current and in constant
values, it can be
observed that most of
the variations of last
years were due to
inflation
Alcoholic beverages
Tobacco
Consumption expenditure for FBT products (millions of euro)
Consumption
Values 2004
% var 04/03
% distribution
constant values
constant values
constant values
current values
current values
current values
1995
1995
1995
Bread and cereals
Meat
Fish
Milk, cheese and eggs
Oil and fats
Fruit
Vegetables (included potatoes)
Sugar, jam, honey, syrups, chocolate and pastry
Other food products
Food products
Coffee, tea, cocoa
Mineral water, sparkling drinks and juices
Non-alcoholic beverages
Alcoholic beverages
Tobacco
Food, beverages and tobacco
Total consumptions
18.848
22.444
6.969
14.260
5.001
5.871
10.399
6.382
310
90.484
1.717
5.002
6.719
4.292
9.223
110.719
641.399
21.893
26.838
8.959
16.904
6.029
7.887
13.907
7.822
366
110.604
1.781
5.921
7.702
5.855
13.758
137.920
817.502
0,8
-0,7
1,9
0,6
0,4
-4,1
-0,2
-3,0
0,7
-0,3
-0,2
-2,9
-2,2
-0,3
-5,8
-0,9
1,2
3,0
1,7
3,7
2,4
4,7
-0,6
1,5
-0,3
2,2
2,1
0,5
-1,1
-0,7
2,9
3,5
2,1
3,5
17,0
20,3
6,3
12,9
4,5
5,3
9,4
5,8
0,3
81,7
1,6
4,5
6,1
3,9
8,3
100,0
15,9
19,5
6,5
12,3
4,4
5,7
10,1
5,7
0,3
80,2
1,3
4,3
5,6
4,2
10,0
100,0
Percentage composition of the consumption: meat is the product that has
more impact on food products households expenditure. In last years the
percentage had a little decrease for the well-known animals diseases while
the consumption of fruit and vegetables is increased
Employment (censuses)
8-th industrial
census (October
2001)
Employment to
October 2001
5-th census of
agriculture
(October 2000)
Employment to the
agrarian year
corresponding to
1/11/1999 – 31/10/2000
Information: number of working days
carried out in the farm regards both for
self-employed (i.e. the conductor and his
family) and subordinate workers (i.e. the
other farm labour force with regular or
temporary contract)
In order to obtain an homogeneous measure
with industrial census, the working days have
been transformed in labour contracts, i.e. in
number of jobs
Labour contracts: proxi variable for employment
Problem: different dates
labour contracts have been estimated
for October 2001 considering a
combination of the agricultural labour
force variation between the mean of
the four previous October 2000
quarters and last quarter 2000 (Labour
Force Survey), and the variation of the
employment in agriculture from 2000
and 2001 (national accounts figures)
For the 20
Italian regions (
NUTS 2) and for
self-employed
and subordinate
workers
Both industrial census and census of agriculture
communes (NUTS - LAU 2) figures have been
classified by Labour Force Survey degree of
urbanization:
A
densely populated
inhabitants/Km²);
area
(at
least
500
B
intermediate urbanized area (between 100 and
499 inhabitants/Km²);
C
thinly
populated
inhabitants/Km²).
area
(less
than
100
Then the about 4.400.000 businesses local units of
industrial census have been classified into
“agriculture” and “agri food industry”
Codes:
1. primary agriculture (from census of agriculture);
2. primary agriculture (from industrial census);
3. manufacture of food products, beverages and
tobacco (from industrial census);
4. auxiliary suppliers (from industrial census);
5. services suppliers (from industrial census).
Agriculture
Agri-food
Total (sectors)
A
154.236
622.421
8.072.938
A
Agriculture
Agri-food
Total (sectors)
B
10,6
39,9
47,2
A
Agriculture
Agri-food
Total (sectors)
B
726.271
707.957
6.708.254
1,9
7,7
100,0
C
Total (regions)
577.287
1.457.794
230.024
1.560.402
2.332.776
17.113.968
C
49,8
45,4
39,2
B
10,8
10,6
100,0
Total (regions)
39,6
100,0
14,7
100,0
13,6
100,0
C
Total (regions)
24,7
8,5
9,9
9,1
100,0
100,0
In 2001, agriculture and agri-food employment represented the
17,6% of the total of the employees: 8,5% agriculture and 9,1%
agri food
48,3% of total agriculture and agri-food employment is relative
to agriculture, with a range from 19,9% in densely populated
area to 71,5% in thinly populated area
The percentage of employment in agriculture is strictly
correlated with the density of the population, both for labour in
farms and in businesses, the second one much less important
than the first one (only the 4%)
Only the 24,7% of employment in thinly populated area is in agriculture
In absolute values the major part of agricultural employment is in
intermediate urbanized areas.
0
1
A
7.296.281 141.005
B
5.274.026 699.612
C
1.525.465 560.443
Total 14.095.772 1.401.060
2
3
4
5
Total
13.231 149.385 89.518 383.518 8.072.938
26.659 216.458 127.660 363.839 6.708.254
16.844 78.014 24.366 127.644 2.332.776
56.734 443.857 241.544 875.001 17.113.968
In densely populated areas, the most part (49,4%) of the agriculture and
agri food employment is in services industries (4,8% of the total)
In intermediate urbanized and thinly populated areas is in primary
agriculture (the 50,6% and the 71,5% respectively)
The 49,8% of employment in primary agriculture is in intermediate
urbanized areas and the 39,6% in thinly populated areas
The 48,8% of employment in food manufacturing industries and the
52,9% in auxiliary suppliers are in intermediate urbanized areas
Employment by area and sector (2001)
Relative frequencies (for areas)
Absolute frequencies
25,0
1.400.000
1.200.000
20,0
1.000.000
15,0
1
2
3
10,0
800.000
600.000
4
5
400.000
5,0
200.000
0,0
0
A
B
C
Total
A
B
C
Total
Primary agriculture, food manfufacturing and services suppliers
increase of importance from A to C