Transcript Beyond Virtualization Windows Server 2012 offers a dynamic, multi-tenant infrastructure that goes beyond virtualization to provide maximum flexibility for delivering and connecting to cloud services. The Power of Many Servers,

Beyond
Virtualization
Windows Server 2012 offers a
dynamic, multi-tenant
infrastructure that goes
beyond virtualization to
provide maximum flexibility
for delivering and connecting
to cloud services.
The Power of Many
Servers, the
Simplicity of One
Every App,
Any Cloud
Windows Server 2012 offers
excellent economics by
integrating a highly
available and easy to
manage multi-server
platform with breakthrough
efficiency and ubiquitous
automation.
Windows Server 2012 is a
broad, scalable and elastic
server platform that gives you
the flexibility to build and
deploy applications and
websites on-premises, in the
cloud and in a hybrid
environment, using a consistent
set of tools and frameworks.
Modern Workstyle,
Enabled
Windows Server 2012empowers
IT to provide users with flexible
access to data and applications
from virtually anywhere on any
device with a rich user
experience, while simplifying
management and helping
maintain security, control and
compliance.
Become an Expert
A two-tenant environment built with Hyper-V
in Windows Server 2012
Basic model of Resource Metering
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• Processor. One physical processor, which can consist of
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one or more nodes. A physical processor is the same as
a package, a socket, or a CPU.
Non-uniform memory architecture (NUMA) node. A
set of logical processors and cache that are close to one
another.
Core. One processing unit, which can consist of one or
more logical processors.
Logical processor (LP). One logical computing engine
from the perspective of the operating system,
application, or driver. In effect, a logical processor is a
thread.
Kernel Group. A set of up to 64 logical processors.
Affinity. A preference indicated by a thread, process, or
interrupt for operation on a particular processor, node,
or group.
• Latency. The time required for an operation to complete. Lower is
better.
• Scalability. The ability to adapt to increasing demand on system
resources. Higher is better.
• Throughput. The amount of data transferred or processed in a
given time period. Higher is better.
• Path Length. The number of CPU cycles divided by the throughput.
Lower is better.
• Variability / Jitter. Fluctuation in throughput and/or latency. Lower
is better.
Receive Segment Coalescing (RSC)
• IT Pro has received a heavy workload and
CPU utilization is almost 100%. Unable
to increase receive throughput
• Examples: Backup Server or FTP Server
• RSC can help by coalescing multiple
inbound packets into a larger buffer and
effectively reduce per packet CPU cost
• Preliminary data shows up to a 20%
reduction in CPU cycles depending on
the workload
• All inbox 10G network adapters support
the feature and have it on by default
RSC: Multiple Inbound Packets
Coalesced to reduce
CPU load
Registered I/O (RIO)
• Developer is writing an Application
that needs to send and receive data
at microsecond granularity.
• Examples: 3D image processing or
stock trading application
• Registered I/O (RIO) delivers low
latency by “pinning” the application
memory and reduces CPU cost
• RIO improves predictability with
message latency (jitter)
• Example APIs: RIORegisterBuffer
and RIOReceive
• IT Pro wants to fine tune their system for low
latency application and minimize jitter
• Best Practices include:
• Disable C-states from BIOS
• Set Power Policy to High Performance
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Use powercfg utility
Disable NIC Interrupt Moderation setting
Disable Flow Control
Disable Receive Side Scaling
Disable Receive Segment Coalescing (RSC)
Use thread affinity in Task Manager to partition
work by nodes
• Check out http://technet.microsoft.com/enus/library/hh831415.aspx
TCP Loopback Fast Path
Winsock Application
(E.g. Using localhost as TCP destination)
• Developer looking for an efficient
and fast method to share data
between processes on their Server. user
kernel
• Examples: Database Servers and
AFD
Win08 R2
Business Applications like SAP
Loopback
Path
TCP/IP
• Customer should use new IOCTL
SIO_LOOPBACK_FAST_PATH socket
NDIS
option to take new shorter path
• Both sides of connection must set
new option but can’t have
SO_OOBINLINE,
Windows 2008 R2
TCP_EXPEDITED_1122, or
TCP_STDURG socket options
Windows Server
2012 Loopback Path
New: Shorter Path
Receive Side Scaling (RSS)
• IT Pro has received a heavy workload
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that is CPU bound and wants to scale
their workload across CPUs
Examples: Web Server and File Server
Use RSS to distribute the receive
network traffic either across multiple
processors or multiple NUMA nodes
IT Pros should use new Power Shell
cmdlets to control RSS behavior based
on their workload characteristics
Static
Dynamic
NUMA
aware
Profile 3
Profile 2
Non
NUMA
Profile 1
Profile 0
(like WS08 R2)
(default)
Receive Side Scaling (Continued)
Node 1
Node 2
Node 3
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
queues
Node 0
Incoming
Packets
NIC with 8 RSS queues
New RSS profiles improve scalability on multi-node servers by
distributing TCP/UDP receive traffic across nodes
Single Process
Multiple Processes (2 and 4)
50%
2 Nodes (20LP) 4 Nodes (40LP)
115%
WS08R2
Win2012
Throughput
Throughput
201%
Hardware: 40LPs, 4 NUMA
nodes , 10GigE, 128GB RAM
Workload: mixed Web
scenario
43%
WS08R2
Win2012
Note: Measurements reflect
release defaults
2 Nodes (20LP) 4 Nodes (40LP)
Overall Web Server Scalability Improvements
• New K-Group awareness in the IIS thread pool
• Partitioning network I/O processing by K-Groups when using multiple NICs
• RSS NUMA profiles distribute network I/O processing across NUMA nodes
Dynamic Virtual Machine Queues (VMQ)
• An IT Pro wants to run more VMs on a physical machine but can’t
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because the incoming packet processing is saturating a limited
set of CPUs on the physical host
Examples: Private Cloud Deployments
Use VMQ to dynamically distribute the receive network traffic
across multiple VMs based on destination and network load
Most inbox 10Gig Ethernet adapters support the feature which is
enabled by default
Dynamic VMQ (Continued)
Network IO path without VMQ
Network IO path with VMQ
• Windows Server 2008 R2: Offloading routing and filtering of network
packets to the network card (enabled by hardware-based receive queues) to
reduce host overhead
• New in Windows Server 2012: Dynamically distributing incoming network
traffic processing to host processors (based on processor utilization and
network load)
Hyper-V Host Scaling
Throughput
1.8x scaling from 40VMs on 80 LPs to 80VMs on 160 LPs with
dynamic VMQ
• Hardware: 160LPs, 8 NUMA nodes,
10Gigabit NIC, 512GB RAM
• Workload: 2VPs/VM mixed Web scenario
• Scenarios: Web Hosters
80LPs
160LPs
Larger is
better
Server Performance Advisor (SPA) 3.0
Original Setting is derived from
system tuning, empirical evidence
New Performance Monitor Counters
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RDMA Activity
PowerShell commands
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IPsecOffload
Lso
Rss
NetAdapter.Get-NetAdapterRsc
Vmq
SrioVf
PowerShell commands (Continued)
NetAdapterEncapsulatedPacketTaskOffload
NetAdapterIPsecOffload
Enable-NetAdapterLso
Enable-NetAdapterRdma
Enable-NetAdapterRsc
When do you use each feature?
Performance Loopback Registered
Metric
Fast Path I/O (RIO)
Lower Endto-End
Latency
X
Higher
Scalability
Large
Send
Offload
(LSO)
Receive
Segmentation
Offload
(RSC)
Virtual
Machine
Queues
(VMQ)
X
X
Higher
Throughput
X
X
X
X
Lower Path
Length
X
X
X
X
Lower
Variability
Receive
Side
Scaling
(RSS)
X
X
X
X
X
Remote Single
DMA
Root I/O
(RDMA) Virtual
(SR-IOV)
X
X
X
X
X
X
VIR303 – An Overview of Hyper-V Networking in Windows Server 2012
VIR305 – Hyper-V Network Virtualization for Scalable Multi-Tenancy in Windows
MGT315 - Network Management in Microsoft System Center 2012 SP1
WSV314 – Windows Server 2012 NIC Teaming and Multichannel Solutions
Windows PowerShell Crash Course
WSV307: Windows Server 2012 IP Address Management
WSV314: Windows Server 2012 NIC Teaming and Multichannel Solutions
VIR303: An Overview of Hyper-V Networking in Windows Server 2012
VIR305: Hyper-V Network Virtualization for Scalable Multi-Tenancy in
Windows
VIR307: Get Hands-on with the New Hyper-V Extensible Switch in Windows
Server 2012
WSV14 – HOL: Managing Your Network Infrastructure with IP Address
Management
WSV24 – HOL: Managing Network Infrastructure with Windows Server 2012
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