Transcript Perspectives from DOE Nuclear Physics JLab Users Meeting May 29, 2013 Dr. Timothy J.

Perspectives from DOE Nuclear Physics
JLab Users Meeting
May 29, 2013
Dr. Timothy J. Hallman
Associate Director for Nuclear Physics
DOE Office of Science
FY 2014 Nuclear Physics Budget Highlights
Discovering, exploring, and understanding all forms of nuclear matter
 Construction continues on the 12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade to provide world-leading
capability for research on the quark structure of nucleons and nuclei; beam
development and commissioning activities are initiated.
 Construction is supported for FRIB to provide world-leading capability and new
discovery potential for U.S. leadership in nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics.
 RHIC operations capitalize on a 10-fold enhancement in luminosity to discover the
properties of the new Perfect Quark-Gluon Liquid state of matter and other emergent
phenomena in relativistic heavy ion collisions.
 ATLAS provides new beams for research on the origin of the elements in the cosmos
with the newly operational Californium Rare Isotope Breeder (CARIBU) upgrade.
 Forefront research, development, and production of stable and radioactive isotopes is
provided for science, medicine, industry, and national security.
2
Office of Science FY 2014 Budget Request to Congress
FY 2012
Enacted
Approp.
Current
Approp.
FY 2013
Estimated
Annualized
CR with
1/
CR
Sequester
FY 2014
President's
Request
FY14 vs.
FY12 Enacted
Science
Advanced Scientific Computing
440,868
428,304
443,566
465,593
+24,725
+5.6%
1,688,093
1,644,767
1,698,424
1,862,411
+174,318
+10.3%
Biological and Environmental Research
609,557
592,433
613,287
625,347
+15,790
+2.6%
Fusion Energy Sciences
400,996
392,957
403,450
458,324
+57,328
+14.3%
High Energy Physics
790,860
770,533
795,701
776,521
-14,339
-1.8%
Nuclear Physics
Workforce Development for Teachers
and Students
547,387
534,642
550,737
569,938
+22,551
+4.1%
18,500
18,500
18,613
16,500
-2,000
-10.8%
Science Laboratory Infrastructure
111,800
111,800
112,485
97,818
-13,982
-12.5%
80,573
80,573
81,066
87,000
+6,427
+8.0%
185,000
185,000
186,132
193,300
+8,300
+4.5%
SBIR/STTR (SC)
—
114,125
—
—
Subtotal Science
4,873,634
4,873,634
4,903,461
5,152,752
—
61,346
—
—
4,873,634
4,934,980
4,903,461
5,152,752
Basic Energy Sciences
Safeguards and Security
Program Direction
SBIR/STTR (DOE)
Total Science Appropriation
1/
519,904
—
+279,118
—
+279,118
—
+5.7%
—
+5.7%
Annualized CR per FY 2014 President’s Budget (= FY 2012 + 0.612%)
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Nuclear Physics
FY 2014 President’s Request by Subprogram
Budget Structure/
Subprogram
($ in 000s)
FY 2012
Enacted
Approp1/
FY 2013
President’s
Request
FY 2013
Estimated w/
Sequester2/
FY 2014
President’s
Request
FY 2014 vs.
FY 2012
Medium Energy
128,267
135,260
—
149,862
+21,595
Heavy Ions
202,417
197,201
—
200,610
-1,807
Low Energy
106,289
98,018
—
132,613
+26,324
Nuclear Theory
41,332
37,179
—
41,822
+490
Isotope Program
19,082
18,708
—
19,531
+449
Construction
50,000
40,572
47,252
25,500
-24,500
547,387
526,938
519,904
569,938
+22,551
TOTAL NP
1/
2/
Includes $12,745k for SBIR/STTR for comparability with FY 2013 and FY 2014
Details will be submitted in an operating plan to Congress at the end of April.
Significant Changes
 Medium Energy increase reflects critical transition of staff from the 12 GeV project
back to operations as construction ramps down and project funding decreases
 Low Energy increase reflects ramp up of FRIB construction (+$33M)
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Impacts of FY 2013 CR and Sequester
FY 2012
Enacted
Approp1/
12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade (TEC)
FY 2013
President’s
Request
FY 2013
Estimated
CR w/
Sequester2/
FY 2013
vs.
FY 2012
FY 2013
CR/Seq
vs.
Request
50,000
40,572
47,252
-2,748
+6,680
All Other NP
497,387
486,366
472,652
-24,735
-13,714
TOTAL NP
547,387
526,938
519,904
-27,483
-7,034
1/
2/
Includes $12,745k for SBIR/STTR for comparability with FY 2013
With all adjustments, estimated CR and sequester results in a cut of ~5% from FY 2012
 NP operated conservatively under the first CR that ran through March 27.
• Annual funding levels were planned at the FY 2013 President’s Request level, not the FY 2012 appropriation level.
• The net sequester cut from the FY 2013 operating level, therefore, is only $7M, not the $27M reduction relative to
FY 2012.
• To the extent possible, NP has worked to create flexibility to try to mitigate impacts and support the most critical
mission activities
 Per the enacted full-year CR, DOE must submit an obligation and spending plan to Congress
by the end of April.
• This plan will provide the details of how the sequester will be distributed.
• There are also plans to submit a reprogramming request to move the excess funds provided to the 12 GeV CEBAF
Upgrade project to the rest of the NP program to partially mitigate impacts.
• Impacts could include furloughs, truncated facility operations, reductions in staff and postdocs, and delayed and
deferred capital and accelerator equipment purchases and projects
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NP Budgets vs. 2007 LRP
700,000
600,000
500,000
FRIB
12 GeV Upgrade
400,000
$000s
MIEs/Other Projects
Research
Facility Operations
300,000
Other
2007 LRP (modified)
200,000
100,000
FY10
FY11
FY12
FY13
FY14
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ATLAS Uniquely Provides SC Low Energy Research
Opportunities Until 2021
In the out years, ATLAS
continues as a unique premier
Stable Beam Facility for
research on Nuclear Structure
& Nuclear Astrophysics
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JLAB: A Multi-Thrust Laboratory for Nuclear Science
Nuclear Structure
Structure
of Hadrons
Medical
Imaging
Accelerator S&T
Fundamental
Forces &
Symmetries
Quark Confinement
Hadrons from QGP
Theory and Computation
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The 12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade at TJNAF is 75% Complete
With the completion of the 12 GeV CEBAF
Upgrade, researchers will address:
 The search for exotic new quark anti-quark
particles to advance our understanding of the
strong force
 Evidence of new physics from sensitive
searches for violations of nature’s fundamental
symmetries
 A detailed microscopic understanding of the
internal structure of the proton, including the
origin of its spin, and how this structure is
modified when the proton is inside a nucleus
The Forward Calorimeter (FCAL) being assembled in the newly constructed
Experimental Hall D.
Experimental Hall B readied for
construction of the 12 GeV
CEABAF Large Acceptance
Spectrometer (CLAS12)
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Recent NP Accomplishments
Solved: The Case of the Missing “Excited” Nucleons
The Science
Scientists conducting experiments at the Thomas
Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF)
discovered some key, heavier mass (“excited”) versions
of the nucleon (i.e. neutron and proton) called “N*s”
(pronounced N-stars). These N*s were previously
thought to be “missing” – predicted but not in existence.
Interior view of the CEBAF Large Acceptance
Spectrometer (CLAS) at TJNAF
The Impact
The discovery of some of the famous “missing N* resonances” at TJNAF eliminates a theoretical
hypothesis regarding why these N*s might not exist. This “diquark” hypothesis, now shown to be
incorrect, suggested that two of the three quarks inside N*s were fused into a “diquark” that acted as a
single particle.
Summary
This discovery addresses a key question: how do the fundamental constituent particles of the Standard
Model (quarks, antiquarks and gluons) assemble to form the composite “strongly interacting” particles
observed in nature We now know the proton is best described by the dynamics of 3 quarks. The new
particles discovered by CLAS have now been included in the Particle Data Group’s 2012 Review of
Particle Properties.
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Facility for Rare Isotope Beams
FRIB Site February 2013
FRIB will increase the number of
isotopes with known properties
from ~2,000 observed over the
last century to ~5,000 and will
provide world-leading
capabilities for research on:
Nuclear Structure
 The ultimate limits of existence for nuclei
 Nuclei which have neutron skins
 The synthesis of super heavy elements
Nuclear Astrophysics
 The origin of the heavy elements and
explosive nucleo-synthesis
 Composition of neutron star crusts
FRIB
Fundamental Symmetries
Linear Accelerator
 Tests of fundamental symmetries, Atomic
EDMs, Weak Charge
Left: Titanium-shell beam dump
prototype in final preparation for testing
under rotation, a capability essential to
handle very high power FRIB beams
This research will provide the
basis for a model of nuclei and
how they interact.
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FRIB Science Will be Transformational
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Research at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
RHIC discovered a new state of
matter—a perfect quark-gluon
liquid. The RHIC science
campaigns planned in the next
3-5 years will:
(PHOBOS)
10:00
o’clock
Polarized Jet Target
12:00 o’clock
RHIC
(BRAHMS)
2:00 o’clock
PHENIX
 determine, with precision, the
properties of this perfect liquid
8:00 o’clock
 search for new discoveries such
as the postulated Critical Point in
the phase diagram of QCD
 explore the gluon and sea quark
contributions to the spin of the
proton using RHIC, the only
BLIP
collider with polarized beams
 explore and develop intellectual
connections and broader impacts
to other subfields
RF
4:00 o’clock
STAR
6:00 o’clock
LINAC
NSRL
EBIS
Booster
BLIP
AGS
Tandems
NSRL
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Productivity & Impact of the RHIC Program
Collaboration
PHENIX
STAR
PHOBOS
BRAHMS
Total =
Total #
Refereed
Papers
136
165
39
22
362
Total #
Citations for
Refereed
Papers
14,611
15,246
4,363
2,860
37,080
# PRL’s
61
54
15
10
140
# Citations
for 2005
White Paper
1,549
1,593
1,186
1,168
5,496
Position of 2005
White Paper
Among Most Cited
NP Papers 2001-12
5
4
7
8
4 in top 10
# Papers
with >250
Citations
13
15
1
3
32
More than 40% of all-time top-cited Nuclear Theory arXiv papers are RHIC-related
About 30-40% of nuclear physics PHD’s
produced annually come from RHIC
>190 tenured
faculty positions
associated with
RHIC
No rate falloff
in citations
(use) of RHIC
research
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Recent RHIC Result Putting a New Spin on the Proton
The double spin asymmetry shown is studied for inclusive jet
production in polarized proton collisions at RHIC to assess the
contribution of to the proton spin from gluons. The dashed blue
curve is predicted if the gluon contribution (helicity preference)
is zero.
 The latest RHIC p+p spin results
indicate clear helicity preferences
among gluons carrying ~5-20% of
proton momentum, corresponding
to a contribution from these gluons
of ~ 20% to the overall proton spin
 The conclusion to a decade -old
question is that gluons contribute
to proton spin comparably to
quarks!
 Further measurements @ s = 500
GeV and for di-jets will extend
momentum fraction (Bjorken x)
range downward and provide
addition information on the xdependence of this contribution
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New Tools to Study the Perfect Quark Gluon Liquid
Barrel and Forward Vertex Detector
for the PHENIX Experiment at RHIC
The Heavy Flavor Tracker for the
STAR Experiment at RHIC
Instrument investments of  $29M over the last 3-4 years will begin
data collection in FY2014. An additional investment of $30M in
modest machine upgrades over the same period has increased the
heavy ion luminosity at RHIC by more than a factor of ten.
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Preparations for Neutrino-less Double Beta Decay Exps.
R&D on one of several approaches by U.S.
scientists is ongoing at Lead, South Dakota
Using techniques that use nuclear
isotopes inside cryostats, often made of
ultra-clean materials, scientists are
“tooling up” to study whether neutrinos are
their own anti-particle. The answer could
help determine why the matter/anti-matter
ratio today is far different than in the early
cosmos.
4800 feet below ground, the copper needed for a cryostat to cool
sensitive Germanium detectors is being electroformed to avoid
induced backgrounds caused by cosmic rays
The cyrostat, made from some of the purest copper
in the world, is also prepared 4800 ft underground
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Isotopes and Radioisotopes in Short Supply Provided at Full Cost
Recovery
Some key isotopes and radioisotopes and
the companies that use them
Bracco Diagnostics Inc.
Spectrum Techniques
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R&D Creates New Production Method for Actinium-225
Times
Square
NYC
 A new isotope project at LANL shows
promise for rapidly producing major
quantities of a new cancer-treatment
agent, actinium 225.
 Using proton beams, LANL and BNL could
match current annual worldwide
production of the isotope in just a few
days.
 A collaboration among LANL, BNL, and
ORNL is developing a plan for full-scale
production and stable supply of Ac-225.
 Ac-225 emits alpha radiation. Alpha
particles are energetic enough to destroy
cancer cells but are unlikely to move
beyond a tightly controlled target region
and destroy healthy cells. Alpha particles
are stopped in their tracks by a layer of
skin—or even an inch or two of air.
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Additional NP News and Events
•
The Office plans to post another vacancy for Medium Energy Program Manager after sufficient
preparation of the community to respond
•
•
•
Process for making an appointment for Director of the Physics Research Division is ongoing.
Kyungseon Joo (U Conn) has joined NP as an IPA; Kawtar Hafidi (ANL) has joined NP as a detailee
Helmut Marsiske will be leaving NP in May to serve as a PM in the HEP Program
•
Preparation continues for the comparative review of research efforts at Laboratories and Universities
Dates for review panels:
Nuclear Structure/Nuclear Astro (May 20-24);
Heavy Ions (May 28-31)
Medium Energy (June 10-14)
Nuclear Theory (June 17- 24)
Fundamental Symmetries (June 25-28)
Letters have been sent prescribing the information to be submitted in advance
Draft agendas and information on panel membership will be sent out shortly
A FAQS document will be circulated shortly
Panel comparisons will be made within existing subfields based on retrospective assessments
• NP will create a separate portfolio for Neutrons/Neutrinos and Fundamental Symmetries
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Additional NP News and Events
•
A RHIC Operations Review by the Office of Project Assessment is presently scheduled for August
6-8, 2013.
•
A review of the 12 GeV Upgrade to address primarily the impacts of the directed funding change in
FY 2012 ($50M vs $66M in the project baseline) is scheduled for May 7-9, 2013.
•
One-day site visit for TJNAF (July 9) and S&T review for ATLAS (July 30-31) planned in FY2013.
•
A Lehman review to establish CD2/3a for FRIB will be held June 4-5, 2013. SC/NP, in discussion
with the FRIB project team, is examining options to continue progress under the full year 2013
Continuing Resolution.
•
ECA process in progress.
•
NP candidate to attend the 63rd Meeting of the Nobel Laureates in Lindau, Germany June 30 to
July 5th, 2013 has been accepted by Lindau Committee.
•
NSAC COV report (J. Harris, Chair) has been received; NP’s response is in preparation
•
NSAC’s response to theSC Director’s Facilities Charge has been submitted to SC
•
DOE is developing a plan in response to the OSTP memo on Open Access
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Additional NP News and Events
Within NP, and in preliminary discussion with HEP, there has begun to be some rumination about
how to carry out a possible down-select process if the science “demands” that a ton-scale 0ββ
experiment be carried out, and resources are available.
Discussion with HEP suggests that one approach could be an NSAC subpanel with members from NP
and HEP to consider DBD R&D and downselect criteria. The subpanel could consider U.S. (preconceptual) R&D proposals for next generation experiments, in the context of related international
planning efforts and report on:
 Merit of U.S. pursuing a next generation double beta decay experiment in current international
landscape
 Identify potential candidates of next generation experiments – description, Status of R&D,
remaining risks, priorities for future R&D
 Down select criteria for an internationally competitive experiment, including a sensitivity
goal
These thoughts are formative for strategic planning purposes only at this point. As always,
input from the community is welcome
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Other News: The National Defense Authorization Act for FY2013 and NSAC
(H. R. 4310— 581)
(4) PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND REVIEW.—The Secretary shall—
(A) develop a program plan and annually update the program plan through public workshops; and
(B) use the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee to conduct annual reviews of the progress made in
achieving the program goals and make recommendations to improve program effectiveness.
NP/ IDPRA (the Isotope Program) is considering the most effective means to propose for
addressing this Congressional direction.
A concept being considered is to empanel a new NSACI subpanel to carry out the directed
assessment as well as an assessment of the status and progress in addressing isotope needs
broadly. As always, feedback from the community is welcome.
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Major Considerations for Nuclear Physics
in FY 2013 and FY 2014

Rebaselining the12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade Project due to the reduced FY 2012
appropriation and managing its completion
‒ SC construction project management review – May

Baselining the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) and starting
construction
‒ SC construction project management review – early June

Optimizing Core Research within constrained budgets
‒ Comparative research review of all NP subprograms – May/June 2013

Maintaining productivity of user facility operations within constrained funding
– Increased support for 12 GeV operations to transition essential staff back from the
12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade Construction Project and to address increased costs for
power and cryogens with the start of 12 GeV commissioning
– Adequate support to maintain yearly data taking runs at the Relativistic Heavy Ion
Collider (RHIC)
– Optimal utilization of ATLAS as the only SC facility providing research opportunities
for nuclear structure/astrophysics scientists until 2021
•
Meeting the stable and radioisotope needs of the Nation, and mitigating
impacts, to the extent possible, of potential reduced production capability
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Conclusion
 The future of nuclear science in the United States may not be exactly as
envisioned in the 2007 Long Range Plan, but it remains rich with science
opportunities
 Long term, QCD research may become consolidated around a possible
electron-ion collider
The United States continues to provide resources for and to expect:
 U.S. world leadership in discovery science illuminating the properties of
nuclear matter in all of its manifestations
 Tools necessary for scientific and technical advances which will lead to new
knowledge, new competencies, and groundbreaking innovation and
applications
 Strategic investments in tools and research to provide the U.S. with premier
research capabilities in the world
Nuclear Science will continue to be an important part of the
U.S. science investment strategy to create new knowledge and
technology innovation supporting U.S. security and competitiveness
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New Charge Given to NSAC on Future Facilities Needed for SC’s Mission
From:
W. F. Brinkman
Director, Office of Science
I am writing to present a new charge to each of the Office of Science Federal Advisory
Committees. I would like each Advisory Committee to help us with an important task—the
prioritization of proposed scientific user facilities for the Office of Science. To meet a very
compressed timetable, we will need your final report by March 22, 2013.
This charge derives from Administration efforts to improve the efficiency, effectiveness,
and accountability of government programs and requirements of the Government
Performance and Results Modernization Act of 2010. In order to improve the agency’s
performance, and in compliance with this Act, DOE has established several Priority Goals,
including the following goal for the Office of Science:
Goal Statement: Prioritization of scientific facilities to ensure optimal benefit from Federal
investments. By September 30, 2013, formulate a 10-year prioritization of scientific
facilities across the Office of Science based on (1) the ability of the facility to contribute to
world-leading science, (2) the readiness of the facility for construction, and (3) an
estimated construction and operations cost of the facility.
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Nuclear Physics
FY 2014 President’s Request - Summary by Subprogram
FY 2012
Approp
FY 2014 FY 2014 vs.
President’s FY 2012
Request
Medium Energy
128,267
149,862
Heavy Ions
202,417
200,610
Low Energy
106,289
132,613
Nuclear Theory
41,332
41,822
Isotope
Program
Construction
19,082
19,531
50,000
25,500
547,387
569,368
TOTAL
Summary of Changes
+21,595  Supports highest priority research preparations for the 12 GeV program (+$1.1M)
 Supports the critical transition of staff from the 12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade project back to
Operations, and supports instrumentation for the 12 GeV research program (+$12.6M)
 12 GeV Other Project Costs increase per the current profile as commissioning begins (+$4.5M)
 Provides for SBIR/STTR as required (+$1.6M) and mandatory DOE obligations (+$1.8M)
-1,807  Provides final year of funding for the STAR HFT MIE, as planned; research is focused on the
highest priority efforts at RHIC and LHC (-$3.9M)
 RHIC Operations supports 2,770 hours of beam time (68% of optimal) with efficiencies gained
through staff reductions and lower power costs (+$5.1M)
 Direct support for BNL General Purpose Equipment is terminated (-$3M)
+26,324  Increase dominated by support for FRIB construction activities and major procurements (+$33M)
 Other increases:
• Implementation of KATRIN and CUORE (+$0.5M)
• Cost-of-living for LE facilities, and addressing critical staffing needs at ATLAS (+$1.3M)
• GRETINA operations, maintenance and enhancement (+$1.3M)
• nEDM R&D effort (+$1M)
 Offsetting decreases:
• Final year of funding for the Majorana Demonstrator in FY13, as planned (-$5.8M)
• Final year of funding for the CUORE MIE in FY12, as planned (-$0.5M)
• Transfer of Homestake mine de-watering to HEP after FY12 (-$4.5M)
+490  Maintains viability of National Nuclear Data program
 Supports SciDAC-3 awards at planned levels
 Maintains highest priority nuclear theory efforts, including support for LQCD-ext and topical
theory centers as planned
+449  Maintains mission readiness of isotope facilities at laboratories and universities and supports
research for new isotope production techniques
-24,500  Supports 12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade planned profile (net 12 GeV decrease is -$20M including the
$4.5M increase in OPC in Medium Energy)
+22,551
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