Creating Census Magic What We Muggles Can Do July 2003 Today’s Presentation Questionnaires and geographic concepts in 2000 Census changes over time Alternative data sources How Documents Center can.
Download ReportTranscript Creating Census Magic What We Muggles Can Do July 2003 Today’s Presentation Questionnaires and geographic concepts in 2000 Census changes over time Alternative data sources How Documents Center can.
Creating Census Magic What We Muggles Can Do July 2003 Today’s Presentation Questionnaires and geographic concepts in 2000 Census changes over time Alternative data sources How Documents Center can help Field trip back to the 19th Century Census History Survey of the United States population every 10 years Mandated by Constitution Purpose: reapportionment of 435 seats in the House of Representatives Census Questions Vary Over Time Age group, sex, free or slave in 1790 Feeble-minded in 1840-1890 Income first asked in 1940 Televisions surveyed, 1950-70 Detailed ancestry beginning 1980 Multiple races and grandparents as caregivers in 2000 2000 Questionnaires 100% and Sample Age Sex Race 100% Questionnaire (Multiple) Hispanic origin Household relationship Occupied v. vacant housing units Owner v. renter occupied housing Race Groups in 2000 White Black or African-American American Indian or Alaskan Native Asian Hawaiian or Pacific Islander Other (Based on Self-Identification) Individual Races Some files break the Asian, Pacific Islander, and American Indian groups into 250 specific categories Includes Chippewa Indians, Hmong, Guamanians Whites (Israelis, Arabs, Iranians and Afghanis) and Blacks (Nigerian and Haitian) are considered ancestries in sample data Racial definitions appear at: http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/ sf3td/sf3tdg7.pdf New Race Category in 2000 Respondents could choose up to SIX racial backgrounds Typical mixed race is 2-3% of population Race data not necessarily comparable with previous censuses Hispanic Not considered a race Can be Hispanic and any race Breakdowns in some tables • • • • • Cuban Puerto Rican Mexican Spanish Various Latin American Countries Household Relationships Relationship to Householder Spouse Child Stepchild Grandchild Brother/Sister Parent Non-relative Unmarried partner is separate category Group Quarters College dorms Prisons Mental hospitals Shelters for abused spouses Military barracks Nursing homes 100% Questionnaire Data Reports Pre-Tabulated Data Summary File 1 – most age, race, sex data to the smallest geographies, block and block group Summary File 2 – same data by 250 races to neighborhood (tract) level 2000 Sample Questionnaire (generally 1/6 of population) Marital status, housing value and rent (100% in 1990) Grandparents as caregivers (new) Ancestry Language Country of origin School enrollment and educational attainment (and dropouts) 2000 Sample Questionnaire Employment Industry and occupation Transportation to and place of work Disability and mental illness Veteran status Income and poverty Summary File 3 Ancestry http://factfinder.census.gov/ Primarily countries with which white and some black races identify Options include first ancestry or only ancestry, second ancestry (in dual report), and ancestries totaled (all first, second and only) List of Ancestries http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg1.pdf Summary File 3 Ancestry http://factfinder.census.gov/ Distribution of Individual Arab Ancestries by Census Tract Summary File 3 Occupation http://factfinder.census.gov/ Industry = where you work Occupation = what you do Summary File 3 Educational Attainment Population over 25 is counted Data is not cumulative; Even though high school graduation rate may be 0%, people who completed bachelors or masters completed high school as well Main table is P37 Table by race is P148 Many tables in this data set are split so racial breakdowns appear in a later number Summary File 3 Educational Attainment Summary File 3 Disability Disabilities count overall limitations, not individual diseases • • • • • • Sensory Physical Mental Self-care Go outside the home Employment Summary File 3 Disability Summary File 3 Rent Contract rent = amount paid to landlord Gross rent = amount paid to landlord AND amount for utilities Summary File 3 Labor Force Labor Force = either have a job or are looking for a job Not in Labor Force = don’t have job or want one (e.g. retiree) Unemployed = in labor force but don’t have job Summary File 3 Labor Force Summary File 3 Income Income calculated for households (related, unrelated, single), families (related), and individuals Income includes salaries, interest, social security, retirement, public assistance Median means half earn below and half earn above Aggregate means all of the income in that geographic area Summary File 3 Income Summary File 3 Poverty Calculated variable based on income, size of family, and federal poverty guidelines Poverty guidelines for 1999 appear at: http://www.census.gov/hhes/poverty/histpov/hstp ov1.html Example of ratio of income to poverty Poverty for one person in 1999 was $8501 Under .50 = earned less than $4250 Earned 1.5 of poverty=$12751 Summary File 3 Poverty Sample Data Products Pre-Tabulated Data Summary File 3 – socio-economic and housing characteristics to census tract or block group level Summary File 4 – same data as Summary File 3 for 210 racial and 125 ethnic groups to tract level Public Use Microdata Samples Samples of the samples at 1% and 5% levels Only 1% currently available Create your own tables using raw data For 2000 currently requires statistical package such as SAS, SPSS, STATA Larger geographies: states, metro-areas, PUMAS and super PUMAS Importance of 100% and Sample Surveys 100% and sample data on the same subject (e.g. race, age, total pop, housing) don’t always match • Ann Arbor 100% = 114,024; Sample = 114,110 • If one variable comes from sample data, try to get all variables from sample data Only 100% data used at block level • Sample data to only to tract or block group level Larger the area, the more detailed the subject variables Census Geography Legal Areas Nation State Counties Cities Townships Congressional Districts School Districts Census Geography Census-Designated Areas Metropolitan Statistical Area Urbanized Area and Urban Cluster Census Tract Block Group Block Zip Code Tabulation Area PUMAS/Super-PUMAS Census Geography Map Urban Areas Urbanized = Densely settled area, 50,000+ Urban Cluster = Densely settled area, 2500-50,000; can be outside metro area South Central Michigan has a surprising number of urban clusters Metropolitan Statistical Area •Central city of 50,000 or more •Its own county, and •Surrounding counties with heavy commuting patterns Metropolitan Area Definitions Metropolitan Statistical Area - stand- Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area - alone metro area metro area which is component of larger metropolitan area Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area - two or more contiguous metropolitan areas Detroit Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area 1990 Detroit PMSA 2000 Lapeer Lapeer Livingston Macomb Macomb Detroit PMSA Monroe Monroe Oakland Oakland St. Clair St. Clair Wayne Wayne Lenawee Ann Arbor PMSA Washtenaw Ann Arbor PMSA Livingston Washtenaw Flint PMSA Genesee Detroit Metropolitan Area 2000-2003 MSA Definitions This is very complicated Just consult the definitions when you need them http://www.census.gov/population/www/ estimates/metrodef.html Census Tracts Areas of about 4000 people Approximate neighborhoods Ann Arbor Tract Block Group Two – eight block groups per tract All 2000s (2001, 2002, 2003) are BG 2 Smallest area for sample data Blocks All blocks in 2000 have 4-digit numbers Some 100% data but no sample data PUMAS and SUPER-PUMAS For Public Use Microdata Samples http://ftp2.census.gov/geo/maps/puma/ PUMAS and SUPER-PUMAS American Factfinder Reference Maps http://factfinder.census.gov/ Converting Geographic Codes Use the Mable Geocorr 2K Search Engine to relate five digit zip codes to counties or census tracts http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/websas/geocorr2k.html Converting Geographic Codes Converting Geographic Codes Converting Geographic Codes Converting Geographic Codes Locating Census Maps American Factfinder • http://factfinder.census.gov/ Census Bureau Web Site (PDF) • http://ftp2.census.gov/plmap/ • http://ftp2.census.go/geo/maps/puma/ Documents Center Paper Copies • Tract maps for Michigan • Block maps for Wayne and Washtenaw Geolytics CDs in Documents and Maps Arcview GIS Program in Map Library Technical Documentation Geographic and subject definitions Lists of tables and individual components in tables Code lists (ancestry, race, occupation, group quarters, Hispanic, industry, language, country) Original questionnaire Technical Documentation Links in American Factfinder when choose file http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/ Disaggregated versions http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf1td.html http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td.html Census Data Formats 2000 FTP Transfer all data for all geographies in a county and manipulate with SAS or SPSS http://ftp2.census.gov/plmap/ http://ftp2.census.gov/census_2000/ http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/access/subject.html#I American Factfinder http://factfinder.census.gov/ Prepared profiles Data extraction to a spreadsheet, Reference and thematic maps Census Data Formats 2000 Census Bureau CDs/DVDs Quicker than American Factfinder for extracting very large data sets Geolytics CD-ROMS Thematic mapping for all variables and created variables; for 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000 Maps can be imported into more sophisticated programs FTP Advantages http://ftp2.census.gov/census_2000/ http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/ subject.html#I Only option for PUMS data Data often available first via ftp Can manipulate very large data sets for all geographies in a state FTP Disadvantages http://ftp2.census.gov/census_2000/ http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/ subject.html#I Must know how to use a statistical package Can get too much data American Factfinder Advantages http://factfinder.census.gov SF1-4 data sets Custom tables option to choose parts of one table or mix tables Address search for all geographic codes of one street address Reference and thematic maps provide street boundaries and multiple geographic layers American Factfinder Disadvantages http://factfinder.census.gov No PUMS files Limited types of geographies and number of data items retrievable Cannot choose multiple races/ancestries in SF2 and 4 Thematic maps can not be imported into GIS programs Census Bureau CD Advantages Documents CD LAN and in Documents Center Numerous geographic retrieval options (e.g. all blocks in county, all tracts in state) Larger number of data cell retrievals Can save strategy to rerun program once geography or data elements have been chosen Census Bureau CD Disadvantages Documents CD LAN and in Documents Center Only SF1 (nation) and SF3 (Michigan) available but SF2 and 3 (national) coming soon Not a substitute for ftp all data for all geographies in a state No thematic mapping program Geolytics Advantages Documents CD LAN and in Documents Center 1990 and 2000 Sample Data also on CITRIX Thematic maps can be imported into ARCVIEW Available for 1970-2000 ONLY non-ftp source for 1970 and 1980 digital census data Can create own variables using calculator Geolytics Disadvantages Documents CD LAN and in Documents Center 1990 and 2000 Sample Data also on CITRIX No 100% data for 1990 Limited number of geographic choices (e.g. no tracts in a city, just county) Maps do not show street boundaries Retrieval options vary slightly between censuses Questions to Ask Before Starting a Time Series Did the Census Bureau ask the question? How was the question asked? Is the geography the same? What formats are available? Census Questions Vary Over Time Reflects changes in society In 1990 and 2000 Congress wanted to reduce paperwork Grid of questions, 1790-2000 http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/censubj.pdf Census Questions Vary Over Time Ancestry first asked in 1980 Poverty was first determined in 1970 Marital status and house value switched from 100% to sample questionnaire in 2000 Dilapidated housing last measured in 1960 Census Racial Definitions Vary Over Time Before 1980, Hispanic was called Spanish-origin Races in 1960 were white, Negro and other Multiple races new in 2000 Asian and Hawaiian in 2000 were same category in 1990 Technical Documentation American Factfinder for 1990 Earlier years: search MIRLYN: census and technical w documentation Printed Census volumes How Was Question Asked? Did 25 Ann Arborites and 122 Hawaiians take the subway to work in 2000? “How did the person get to work LAST WEEK?” Questionnaires Technical Documentation in 1990. Printed Census Volumes through 1990. Measuring America http://www.census.gov/dmd/www/pdf/d02p.pdf Is the Geography the Same? Metropolitan Areas Change Detroit: 1970 1980 1990 2000 - 3 6 7 6 counties counties counties counties http://www.census.gov/population/www/estim ates/metrodef.html Is the Geography the Same? Census Tracts, Block Groups, and Block Numbers Change Census Tract equivalencies in paper tract reports through 1990 Relationship files, 1990-2000 http://www.census.gov/geo/www/relate/rel_blk.html http://www.census.gov/geo/www/relate/rel_tract.html Is the Geography the Same? Different definitions or urban and urbanized area Block group data on tape but not generally available until 1990 Census tracts limited to metro areas until 1990 Census Formats Primary vehicle through 1980 was PAPER (Grad Stacks HA 201 .year with backup on microfiche/film in Documents) 1990 a combination of paper and CD; not all files on American Factfinder No paper in 2000 1970-80 Geolytics are only good CDS for period Data Tapes 1970 - 2000 at ICPSR http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/access/subject.html#I 1850-1960 ICPSR has some data http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/access/subject. html#I IPUMS has PUMS http://www.ipums.umn.edu/usa/ Historical Data Browser (state and county) http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census/ Citing Census Data Census Bureau http://www.census.gov/main/www/citation.html APA Style - Purdue http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/ r_apa.html Government Documents - Univ. of Memphis http://exlibris.memphis.edu/govpubs/citeweb.htm Documents Center Campus representative to the Census Bureau’s State Data Center program. (e.g. we often know people who can help or when something is being released) Assistance with American Factfinder (data sets and Factfinder mapping) Assistance using Census Bureau and Geolytics CD-ROMS Physical copies of CD-ROMS on the LANs Paper tract maps for Michigan, 1990-2000. Documents Center All Census CD-ROMS for 1990 and alternative data access through the EXTRACT software. Assistance with historical printed reports SOME data interpretation. GUESS on the need for PUMS although we can’t run it. Alternative data sources Documents Center 203 Hatcher Library North, (734) 764-0410, [email protected] http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/ Summer Hours M-F, 1-4:30 p.m. Special arrangements possible