Transcript Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Planning for Server Hardware Learning Objectives Chapter 2    Explain the hardware requirements for Windows 2000 Server Explain the importance of using Microsoft’s hardware.

Chapter 2
Chapter 2:
Planning for Server Hardware
Learning Objectives
Chapter 2
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Explain the hardware requirements for
Windows 2000 Server
Explain the importance of using
Microsoft’s hardware compatibility list
Determine specifications for your server
in terms of the right processor type, bus
type, and advanced bus features
Learning Objectives (continued)
Chapter 2
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Select the right network interface card
(NIC) for your server
Calculate the amount of memory
needed for your server
Plan disk capacity, disk architecture,
and fault tolerance
Plan a backup system and CD-ROM
specifications
System Requirements
Chapter 2

Use the Windows 2000 Server basic
system requirements as a starting point
from which to develop server computer
specifications
Windows 2000 Server
Hardware Requirements
Chapter 2
Component
Processor
Display
Memory (RAM)
Hard disk space
Intel
Pentium 166 MHz or faster
VGA or better
64 MB for five or fewer clients and 128 MB
for larger networks
685 MB for system files (2 GB
recommended)
Table 2-1 Minimum Hardware Requirements to Install Windows 2000 Server
Windows 2000 Server Hardware
Requirements (continued)
Chapter 2
Component
Intel
Floppy disk drive
High-density 3.5-inch
CD-ROM drive
Required for installations not performed
over the network (12X or faster)
Network interface card (NIC)
Required to connect to the network
Mouse or pointing device and Required
keyboard
Table 2-1 Minimum Hardware Requirements to Install Windows 2000 Server
Windows 2000 Professional
Hardware Requirements
Chapter 2
Component
Processor
Display
Memory (RAM)
Hard disk space
Intel
486 MHz or faster (Pentium recommended
for better performance)
VGA or better
32 MB (64 MB is recommended for better
performance)
500 MB for system files (1 GB
recommended for better performance)
Table 2-1 Minimum Hardware Requirements to Install Windows 2000 Professional
Windows 2000 Professional
Hardware Requirements (continued)
Chapter 2
Component
Intel
Floppy disk drive
High-density 3.5-inch
CD-ROM drive
Required for installations not performed
over the network (12X or faster)
Network interface card (NIC)
Required to connect to the network
Mouse or pointing device and Required
keyboard
Table 2-1 Minimum Hardware Requirements to Install Windows 2000 Professional
Windows 2000 Server
Compatibility
Chapter 2
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Check the Microsoft hardware
compatibility list (HCL) before selecting
computer hardware for a server
Hardware Listed in the HCL
Chapter 2
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Single-processor computers
Multiprocessor computers
Processor upgrades
PCMCIA hardware
SCSI adapters and drives
Video adapters
Hardware listed in the
HCL (continued)
Chapter 2
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Network adapters
Audio adapters
Modems
Printers
Tape devices
Uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs)
CPU Sizing
Chapter 2
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Select a fast processor
Choose a processor that has a fast
clock speed
Pentium Computers
Chapter 2
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Processor cache: A data storage area
that is only used by the system
processor.
 Level
1 (L1) cache, usually 8 - 64 KB, built
into the processor
 Level 2 (L2) cache that supplements L1
cache and is usually 256 KB to 1 MB.
L2 Cache in Different
Pentium Processors
Chapter 2
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Pentium processor: L2 cache is usually
an SRAM chip on the mother board
Pentium Pro: L2 cache is built into the
chip
Pentium II and III: L2 cache is on a
daughter board
Celeron processor: has no L2 cache
Xeon processor: has special L2 caching
for extra speed
Multiprocessor Computers
Chapter 2
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Symmetric multiprocessor (SMP):
employs two or more processors,
including some computers that can
support up to 32 processors
Clustering Computers
Chapter 2
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Shared disk model: Linking two or more
servers to operate as one and to equally
share resources
Shared Disk Clustering
Chapter 2
Server
Disk
Tape drive
Disk
Hub
Disk
CD-ROM
array
Disk
Server
Figure 2-1 Shared disk clustering model
Clustering Computers
Chapter 2
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Shared disk nothing model: Linking two
or more servers to operate as one, but
with each owning particular disk, CDROM, and tape resources
Shared Nothing Clustering
Chapter 2
Disk
Tape drive
Disk
Main connection
Server
Disk
CD-ROM
array
Disk
Backup
connections in
case of server
failure
Disk
Figure 2-2
Shared nothing
clustering model
Hub
Server
Tape drive
Disk
Disk
CD-ROM
array
Disk
Main connection
Bus Architectures
Chapter 2
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Industry Standard (ISA): 8-bit and 16-bit
bus architecture dating to the early
1980s
Extended Industry Architecture (EISA):
32-bit bus built on the ISA architecture
with faster throughput by means of bus
mastering
Bus Architectures (continued)
Chapter 2
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Micro channel Architecture (MCA): 32bit bus proprietary to IBM computers
and having a slightly faster transfer rate
than EISA
Peripheral Computer Interface (PCI):
32-bit and 64-bit bus with the fastest
data transfer rate and local bus
capability
Plug and Play
Chapter 2
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Plug and Play: Ability of added
computer hardware, such as an adapter
or modem, to identify itself to the
computer operating system for
installation
USB
Chapter 2
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Universal serial bus: A bus standard that
enables you to attach all types of devices –
keyboards, cameras, pointing devices,
telephones, and tape drives, for example – to
one bus port on a computer. Up to 127
devices can be attached to one port and it is
not necessary to power off the computer
when you attach a device. USB was
developed to replace the traditional serial and
parallel bus technologies on computers.
Choosing NICs
Chapter 2
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Network interface card: An adapter
board designed to connect a
workstation, server, or other network
equipment to a network medium.
NIC Components
Chapter 2
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A connector for the network medium
A transceiver
A controller for MAC protocol
communications and addressing
Protocol control firmware
NIC Duplex Modes
Chapter 2
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Half duplex: ability to send or receive
signals, but not simultaneously
Full duplex: capacity to send and
receive signals at the same time
Setting the Duplex Mode
Chapter 2
Figure 2-4 NIC Duplex Mode setting
Memory Sizing Guidelines
Chapter 2
Operating system
Processor type Memory
Windows 2000 Server for five or fewer users
Intel
64 MB
Windows 2000 Server for over five users
Intel
128 MB to 4GB
Windows 2000 Advanced Server
Intel
128 MB to 64 GB
Windows 2000 Datacenter
Intel
128 MB to 64 GB
Table 2-3 Memory Guidelines
Memory Type
Chapter 2
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Make sure that the memory used in a
server is error checking and correcting
(ECC)
 EEC:
Memory that can correct some types
of memory problems without causing
computer operations to halt
Troubleshooting Tip
Chapter 2
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Microsoft generally recommends a
minimum of 128 MB on all versions of
Windows 2000 Server (unless there are
5 or fewer users), however, they also
recommend that you use at least 256
MB or more for best performance.
Disk Capacity
Chapter 2
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Estimate disk capacity to include:
 Operating
system files
 Software files
 Data and database files
 User files
 General public files
 Utility files
 Server management files
Example Disk
Capacity Calculation
Chapter 2
Operating System Files
Estimated
Size
Microsoft 2000 Server (depending on the accessories and services
685 MB
installed)
685 MB
Subtotal
Application Software
Estimated
Size
Microsoft Office
150 MB
Microsoft Exchange
150 MB
Paradox database software
70 MB
Accounting software
250 MB
Legal time accounting software
200 MB
Client databases
275 MB
Court forms
52 MB
Contracts forms
42 MB
Tax law forms
41 MB
Wills legal forms
45 MB
Bankruptcy legal forms
35 MB
Database query software
72 MB
1,382 MB
Subtotal
Example Disk Capacity
Calculation (continued)
Chapter 2
User Directories
Estimated
Size
Each user 100 MB * 22
2,200 MB
2,200MB
Subtotal
Public Directories
Estimated
Size
Shared directories containing word processing files, spreadsheets,
590 MB
and data
Utility directories
50 MB
640MB
Subtotal
Server Management Software
Estimated
Size
Extra utilities for server and network management
175 MB
(175) MB
Subtotal
Total
5,082 MB
Disk Drive Design Issues that
Affect Disk Contention
Chapter 2
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Speed of the individual disks
Speed of the disk controllers
Speed of the data pathway to the disks
Number of disk pathways
Disk caching
Disk Drive Interfaces
Chapter 2
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Integrated Device Electronics (IDE): An
inexpensive hard disk interface that is used
on Intel-based computers from the 80286 to
Pentium computers
Enhanced Small Device Interface (ESDI): An
early device interface for computer
peripherals and hard disk drives
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI): A
32- or 64-bit computer adapter that transports
data between one or more attached devices,
such as hard disks, and the computer
Simple Disk Controller
Architecture
Chapter 2
Disk Controller
Disk Drive
Server
Figure 2-5 Disk controller connecting a disk drive
SCSI Architecture
Chapter 2
SCSI Cable
Controller and
Disk Drive Unit
Ultra SCSI adapter
plugged into main
server board
Controller and
Disk Drive Unit
Controller and Tape
Unit with SCSI Cable
Terminated on the
Controller Card
Figure 2-6
Ultra SCSI adapter connected to two disk drives and a tape drive
SCSI Interface Data
Transfer Rates
Chapter 2
Interface
Data Transfer Rate
SCSI-1
Up to 5 MBps
Narrow SCSI-2
Up to 10 MBps
Wide SCSI-2
Up to 20 MBps
Ultra SCSI
Up to 20 MBps
Wide Ultra SCSI Up to 40 MBps
Ultra2 SCSI
Up to 80 MBps
SCSI-3 (RISC)
Up to 100 MBps
Table 2-5 SCSI Interface Data Transfer Rates
Troubleshooting Tip
Chapter 2
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Omitting the cable terminator is a
common problem when connecting
several devices to one SCSI adapter. If
you experience difficulty recognizing
hard disk storage during the Windows
2000 Server installation, check to make
sure the terminator is connected to the
last device on the SCSI cable.
Design Tip
Chapter 2
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One method to significantly increase
performance on a server is to purchase two
or more hard disk drives and divide the flow
of data between two or more data pathways
by placing drives on different adapters.
Setting Up Multiple
Disk Pathways
Chapter 2
SCSI Cable
Ultra SCSI adapter
Ultra SCSI adapter
Controller and
disk drive unit
Controller and
disk drive unit
Server
Figure 2-7
Using two SCSI adapters to create separate data paths for hard disk drives
Disk Mirroring
Chapter 2
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Disk mirroring: A fault tolerance method
that prevents data loss by duplicating
data from a main disk to a backup disk.
Some operating systems also refer to
this as disk shadowing.
Disk Mirroring Architecture
Chapter 2
Mirrored drive
Disk
Primary drive
Disk
Controller or
adapter
Figure 2-8 Disk mirroring
Disk Duplexing
Chapter 2
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Disk duplexing: A fault tolerance method
similar to disk mirroring in that it prevents
data loss by duplicating data from a main
disk to a backup disk; but disk duplexing
places the backup disk on a different
controller or adapter than is used by the
main disk.
Disk Duplexing Architecture
Chapter 2
Primary drive
Disk
Disk
Mirrored drive
Figure 2-9 Disk duplexing
RAID Fault Tolerance
Chapter 2
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RAID level 0: Disk striping with no
redundancy
RAID level 1: Disk mirroring or
duplexing
RAID level 2: Disk striping across an
array of disks in which all disks store
error-correction data in case of a disk
failure
RAID Fault Tolerance
(continued)
Chapter 2
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RAID level 3: Similar to RAID level 2,
but error-correcting data is stored on
only one disk
RAID level 4: Similar to RAID level 2,
but an added feature is checksum
verification data stored on one disk
RAID level 5: Similar to RAID level 4,
but error-correction and checksum data
are spread over all disks
RAID Supported by
Windows 2000
Chapter 2
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RAID level 0
RAID level 1
RAID level 5
Features of the Windows 2000
Disk Management Snap-in
Chapter 2
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Status information about drives
Ability to create and format partitions
Ability to change drive letter
assignments
Support for FAT and NTFS drives
Ability to create mirrored, striped, RAID5, and spanned volumes
Disk Management Snap-In
Chapter 2
Figure 2-10 Windows 2000 Disk Management snap-in
Analysis Issues Affecting Disk
Fault Tolerance Selection
Chapter 2
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Importance of the data
Tolerance for down time when a failure
occurs
Amount of data that must be stored
How fast the data must be accessed
Budget for equipment purchases and
support
Software RAID and Hardware
RAID Compared
Chapter 2
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Hardware RAID is more expensive
Hardware RAID is generally faster for
read and write access
Ability to place boot and system files on
all configurations of hardware RAID
Hardware RAID can include the ability
to “hot swap” disks
Hardware RAID generally has more
setup and configuration options
Planning Tip
Chapter 2
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Purchase hardware RAID from a vendor
that does not use all proprietary
components so you can use disk drives,
cables, and various parts from other
vendors.
Backup Media
Chapter 2
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Plan your server so that it can be
backed up using removable media such
as tapes, Zip/Jaz disks, CD-ROMs, CDRs, and CD-RWs.
Design Tip
Chapter 2
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Attach tape backup systems to adapters or
controllers that do not also have disk storage
attached.
Tape Drive Architecture
Chapter 2
SCSI Cable
Controller
Ultra SCSI adapter
RAID unit
Controller
Ultra SCSI adapter
Tape drive unit
Server
Figure 2-11 Connecting a tape drive to a separate adapter
CD-ROM Drive
Chapter 2
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Equip your server with a fast CD-ROM drive
from which to load the Windows 2000 Server
operating system, device drivers, and
application software
Implement a CD-ROM “jukebox” in situations
where users will access CD-ROM resources
over the network
Example CD-ROM Jukebox
Chapter 2
Figure 2-12 CD-ROM “jukebox”
Implementation Tip
Chapter 2
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Fully set up and test all server
components
Allow for a “burn-in” period
Chapter Summary
Chapter 2
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Server hardware comes in a full range
of sophisticated options including fast
processors and fault-tolerant disk
drives.
Plan server hardware to meet or exceed
the needs of the intended
implementation.
Begin the selection process by
consulting the Microsoft HCL.
Chapter Summary
Chapter 2
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Select a fast bus architecture and other
features that enable you to expand the
server as needed.
Implement disk storage using fast
channel technology such as SCSI or
Fibre Channel and include fault
tolerance in your planning.
Chapter Summary
Chapter 2
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Implement at least one CD-ROM drive
to load software and drivers.
Plan to test the server hardware before
you install Windows 2000 Server.