Transcript Video Basics – Chapter 4 The Video Camera Chapter 4  Basic Camera Function & Elements  Technical Jargon  Two-Chip high-resolution imaging device • Camera.

Video Basics – Chapter 4
The Video Camera
Chapter 4
 Basic Camera Function & Elements
 Technical Jargon
 Two-Chip high-resolution imaging device
• Camera that will produce excellent color, good
light, dark contrast, sharp picture.
Chapter 4
 Fast Lens
 Not related to Speed
 Lens will allow enough light to video in low
light conditions
 10:1 Power Zoom Lens
 Allows smooth transition from wide to
close-up or vise versa using toggle switch
Chapter 4
 High Variable Shutter Speed
 Prevents fast moving objects from looking
blurred.
Chapter 4
 Auto Iris
 Lens will sense how much light is needed
and adjust automatically.
 Auto Focus
 Keeps picture sharp
 Auto White Balance
 Colors look good/exact/true
Chapter 4
 Built-in Character Generator
 You can print text on the video picture
 Lux
 Light – you can record in very low light
levels. 3 Lux…2Lux…1 Lux
Chapter 4
 Low-noise Gain
 Nothing to do with sound
 The ability of the camera to produce
pictures in very low light conditions without
little picture deterioration (snow)
Chapter 4
 Flying Erase Head
 Allows you to edit in the camera
 Insert scenes over video without any
breakup of signal
 High signal-to-noise ratio
 Nothing to do with sound
 Picture signal is stronger than any
electronic interference
Chapter 4
 Built-in Time Code Generator
 Each video frame is assigned a number
 Like your street address
 Editing unit will read this address
 Numbers help you find scenes
Chapter 4
 Audio Connections
 Pro cameras – XLR (the best/reliable)
 Consumer Cameras – Mini & RCA
Chapter 4
 Video Camera Function
 Main Function -- translate an optical image
into electrical signals that are reconverted
by a television receiver into visible images.
Chapter 4
Chapter 4
 Beam Splitter – splits White light into
Red, Green, & Blue light.
Chapter 4
 CCDs – transform RGB into electrical
energy, which is amplified and
processed, then reconverted into video
pictures by the Viewfinder.
Chapter 4
 VHS
Camera
Chapter 4
 VHS
Camera
Chapter 4
 The Lens
 Determines what the camera can see.
 Focal Length
 How much of a scene we can see through
a lens from a specific position and how
magnified distant objects look
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
 Lens
 Glass
 Filter
Grooves
.755 mm
Info on ring
Chapter 4
 Focal Length
 Short Focal Length – wide angle view
• Zoom Out
Focal Length – Narrow but much
closer view of scene
 Long
• Zoom In
Chapter 4
Chapter 4
 Zoom Range
 Refers to how close a view you can get
when zooming In from the wide angle
position. The higher the first (14x1)
number the closer you can get.
Chapter 4
Chapter 4
 Zoom Range
 10x1
 14x1
 24x1
 48x1
 Etc.
Chapter 4
 Lens Speed
 How much light can pass through a lens to the
imaging device.
 Fast Lens
 Allow great amount of light
 Slow Lens
 Allows limited amount of light
 Check Lens Speed
 Lower the f-stop number = fast lens
Chapter 4
 Lens Iris
 Controls light passing into camera
 Functions similar to your eyes
 Bright lights the iris closes down
 Low light, the iris opens up
 Measure iris opening via f-stop
• 1.4, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22
• Lower number more light
Chapter 3
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
 Video Camera Iris
 Studio Camera Demonstration
Chapter 4
 Auto Iris
 Adjusts lens opening automatically to the
optimal aperture – allows correct amount of
light into camera.
Chapter 4
 Fast Shutter Speed – 1/5000, 1/10,000
 High f-stop number – 16, 22 (Min light)
 Automatically adjusts f-stop
 Slow Shutter Speed – 1/4, 1/8
 Low f-stop number – 1.4, 2 (Max light)
 Automatically adjusts f-stop
Chapter 4
 Beam Splitter
 Separates White light into Red, Green,
Blue
 Red, Green & Blue are called the primary
colors.
 RGB – basic light colors from which all
other light colors can be mixed
Chapter 4
 Beam Splitter
 Series of prisms and filters locked into a
prism block
 Imaging devices connected to the prisms
transform beams into electrical energy
called the RGB video signals
Chapter 4
 RGB
Chapter 4
 Imaging Device
 Changes light into electric energy
 CCD – Charge-coupled device
 Small, silicon chip
 Chip has light sensing picture elements called
pixels
 Pixels change light energy into electric current
 Determines video picture quality
Chapter 4
Chapter 4
 CCD
 Pro cameras have 3 CCDs
• One for each color
– CCD for Red
– CCD for Green
– CCD for Blue
Chapter 4
 Video Processing
 RGB signals referred to as chrominance
signal
 Brightness signal referred to as luminance
signal
 Combined Chrominance and Luminance =
Composite Signal or NTSC signal.
 NTSC is U.S. standard format
Chapter 4
 Viewfinder
 Small TV monitor either B&W of color
Chapter 4
 Video Cameras
 Studio Cameras
 Field Cameras
• ENG – Electronic News Gathering
• EFP – Electronic Field Production
Chapter 4
 Studio
Cameras
Chapter 4
 Studio Camera Chain
 Camera Head - Body
 Power Supply
 Sync Generator – uniform electrical pulse
to synchronize the scanning of the video
pictures in a variety of equipment
(monitors, viewfinders)
 CCU – Camera Control Unit
Chapter 4
 Camera Chain
Chapter 4
 CCUs
Chapter 4
 Video Production Cables
 BNC
 RCA
 UHF
 XLR
 Quarter Inch
 Connectors
Chapter 4
 Aspect Ratio
 The relationship between the height and
width of a video picture.
 Standard TV set is 3:4
• 3 units high and 4 units wide
 HDTV
is 3:5
• 3 units high and 5 units wide
Chapter 4
 ENG/EFP Cameras
 Designed to be used by one person
 High quality
 Battery operated
 Tape deck inside camera
 Microphone on camera or external mic can
be connected
Chapter 4
 ENG
 EFP
 $10K
 $15K
 $25K
 & Up
Chapter 4
 Dockable Cameras
 Camera body and VCR are separate
 VCR plugs into back of Camera
Chapter 4
 Studio Conversion Unit
 Converting ENG/EFP camera into studio
camera
Chapter 4
 Studio
Chapter 4
 Chapter Review
 Key Terms – Beginning of chapter
 Key Concepts – End of chapter
Chapter 4
 Questions?