Transcript PROKLIMA The potential for hydrocarbon refrigerants as HCFC-22 replacement in air conditioning Atmosphere 2009 Bussels, 19-20 October 2009 Volkmar Hasse GTZ-Proklima 02.11.2015 GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL Seite 1

PROKLIMA
The potential for hydrocarbon refrigerants
as HCFC-22 replacement in air
conditioning
Atmosphere 2009
Bussels, 19-20 October 2009
Volkmar Hasse
GTZ-Proklima
02.11.2015
GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL
Seite 1
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Overview of Presentation
o Room Air Conditioner Situation
o Substitute Technologies
o GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Project
o Policy Development
o Market Potential
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Statement
Hydrocarbon refrigerants are an
excellent alternative to HCFCs.
Hydrocarbons are used safely in all
walks of life from hairspray and cooking
gas to fuels for cars and airplanes.
Hydrocarbon based technologies have
to be designed to operate safely, and
they are indeed safe."
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Overview of Presentation
o Room Air Conditioner Situation
o Substitute Technologies
o GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Project
o Policy Development
o Market Potential
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Types of room air conditioning equipment
window unit
à 1 – 5 kW
à 0.1 -1 kg
à small rooms,
hotels, homes,
offices
through-the-wall
à 2 – 10 kW
à 0.2 – 1 kg
à small rooms,
hotels, offices
portable
à 2 – 5 kW
à 0.2 – 0.5 kg
à small rooms,
homes, offices
single split
à 2 – 10 kW
à 0.2 – 1.5 kg
à small rooms,
hotels, homes,
offices
close control
à 10 – 100 kW
à 1 - 15 kg
medium rooms,
offices, public
buildings, IT
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Room Air conditioners Worldwide
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100000
Windows/through thewall
New products (000's) .
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Historical and forecast production of
RAC equipment in China (for domestic
consumption)
Portables
10000
Single splits
Multisplits
1000
Packaged etc
Chillers
Integral cabinets
100
Condensing unit systems
10
2000
Central systems
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
Year
Increase is nearly exponential !
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HCFC demand (new
equipment and servicing) in
A5 countries, 2009
HCFC banks in A5 countries,
2009
Solvents
Solvents
Fire-protect
Foams
Fire-protect
Foams
Mobile a/c
Mobile a/c
Stationary
a/c
Stationary
a/c
Industrial
refrig
Transport
refrig
Comercial
refrig
Comercial
refrig
Industrial
refrig
Transport
refrig
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INTERNATIONAL
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Seite
PROKLIMA
Overview of Presentation
o Room Air Conditioner Situation
o Substitute Technologies
o GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Project(s)
o Policy Development
o Market Potential
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Substitute Technologies
o R 410A: GWP 2100
o R 407C: GWP 1800
o R 290: GWP 3
- Technical development: energy efficiency
- Safety standards: flammability
- Comparison with R600a refrigerators:
Safety discussions 12 years ago
Lessons learned?
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Greenfreeze Technology Diffusion in
Chinese Refrigerator and Freezer
Production
o 1995: Company Quingdao
Haier introduced
Greenfreeze Technology,
supported by GTZ
o 1997: Company Kelon
changed its production to
Greenfreeze
o 2008: 75% of Chinese
production uses
Greenfreeze Technology
80%
70%
% of Production using Greenfreeze
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Success of Greenfreeze
Technology-Diffusion in China
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
We did it once.
Can we do it again?
0%
1995
2003
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120
Production (millions of units)
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Success of Greenfreeze TechnologyDiffusion Worldwide
100
80
Other
60
HC600a
HFC134a
40
CFC12
20
0
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Now, even in USA, introduction of HCs in some domestics and
trials in ice cream freezers and bottle coolers
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Overview of Presentation
o Room Air Conditioner Situation
o Substitute Technologies
o GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Project(s)
o Policy Development
o Market Potential
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o Production of R290 Room air
conditioners to at Gree Electric
Appliances Inc
o Gree is worlds largest manufacturer
of room air conditioners
o Developed range of R290 splits
o Efficiency higher than equivalent
R22, R407C and R410A products
o Details on the Gree AC Unit (refer to
exhibition)
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GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Project
o Comprehensive training for production engineers
and service technicians needs to be implemented
o Marketing strategy for new models
o Prices? Every company introducing the technology
will have to make serious research and
development efforts to make the technology safe
and cost-effective
o After mass-production starts, the prices of R290
units should however be very competitive
GREE cannot do it alone. There must be other
equipment manufacturers to follow suit.
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o Potential for
China (60% of
world‘s A/C
production)
o Diffusion rate
based on
experiences with
R 600a
Greenfreeze
technology
Emissions Scenario of Chinese
Split-AC production, use and
disposal
90
Emissions in Mio t CO2e
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Emission Reduction Scenario
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2009
BAU
2017
2022
Immediate Demo-Project Impact
With HC-Technology Diffusion
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Overview of Presentation
o Room Air Conditioner Situation
o Substitute Technologies
o GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Project
o Policy Development
o Market Potential
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Policy Development
o Over 100 countries will place import quotas
to meet 2013/2015 MP obligations
o Europe: reconsidering EN 378
o International: reconsider IEC 60335-2-40?
o China: RAC industry safety standards
o USA: Clean Air Act / ASHRAE
o Safety considerations depend on:
- appropriate industry standards
- appropriate service technician education
o Montreal Protocol Example: CFC phase out
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250
no substitution (HCFC and HFC)
Reporting direct emissions (Mt CO2-eq) .
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Estimated annual (reported) emissions
from China RAC equipment (no R-22)
7% substitution with NR per year
200
11% substitution with NR per year
150
100
50
0
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
o Additional
emissions from
each years
production,
eligible for
reporting
o With HFCs only,
emissions
increase by over
10 times by 2020
o With natural
refrigerants,
2007 levels are
2020
maintained by
2020
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Policy Development
o Destruction and recycling of CFCs, HCFCs and
HFCs
o Most developing countries have no facilities (too
expensive, no infrastructure)
o Recovered stocks – ultimate fate is atmosphere
o Entire problem can be avoided with HCs
(may be vented)
This policy situation may translate into sooner and
higher market demand for natural refrigerant based
solutions
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PROKLIMA
Overview of Presentation
o Room Air Conditioner Situation
o Substitute Technologies
o GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Project
o Policy Development
o Market Potential
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Room Air Conditioner Situation 2009
o approx. 1 billion HCFC-22 units worldwide
o about 100 million units added annually
o average HCFC-22 charge about 1.6 kg
o approx. 1’600’000 tonnes HCFC-22 contained in
existing equipment
o HCFC-22 GWP: 1’810
o 2’896 Mtonnes CO2eq.
o Servicing needs: approx. 800’000 tonnes/yr
o 1’448 Mtonnes CO2eq.
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Market Potential
o Major development in tropical countries:
- Energy efficiency, direct emission reductions
o Major countries: China, India, Gulf, ASEAN, Latin
America
o LVCs: Island States, Africa
o Developing gap between market demand for air
conditioners and availability of HCFC air conditioners
due to freeze in 2013 and subsequent reduction steps
o Precondition: Availability of HC refrigerant gas
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Thank you for your interest and support
replacing HCFC 22 with an environmentally
friendly substitute
Thank You!
[email protected]
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