Transcript 1. dia
Numerical abilities in Williams syndrome Attila Krajcsi1, Mihály Racsmány2, János Igács1, Csaba Pléh2 1University of Szeged 2Budapest University of Technology and Economics Mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.staff.u-szeged.hu/~krajcsi Outline • • • • Numerical abilities Numerical problems and possible causes Study with WS and DC children Conclusion about WS and broader considerations Numerical abilities Executive functions (Middle frontal gyrus) Organizing tasks, order of operations Magnitude representation (Intraparietal sulcus) Estimation, approximation, comparison Visual attention (Dorsal stream) Counting objects, maybe subitizing Verbal systems (Left inferior frontal and left gyrus angularis, temporal regions) Exact calculation, multiplication table, storing temporary results Arabic numerical representation (Occipitotemporal areas) Arabic numerical symbols Numerical problems and possible causes Developmental dyscalculia (DC) • Mathematical ability, as measured by individually administered standardized tests, is substantially below that expected given the person's chronological age, measured intelligence, and ageappropriate education. • Normal intelligence • Impaired mathematical performance Numerical problems in genetical disorders • • • • • • Williams syndrome Turner syndrome Developmental Gerstmann syndrome Fragile X syndrome Down syndrome Etc. Possible causes • Adolescents with bad performance on simple arithmetical test • Increasement in gray matter Isaacs et al., 2001 Several causes • A huge amount of ideas explaining numerical problems • Working memory problem (verbal, spatial, executive) • LTM problem • Anxiety • Etc. • Different types of numerical disabilities • Different types of DC • Different problems in genetic disorders Study with WS and DC children 1. 2. 3. 4. Methods Presence of effects Mean RTs Selective load method – alternative RT Tasks • Simple addition 6+3=8 • Simple multiplication 5 * 4 = 20 • Number comparison 7 2 • Dot counting • Multiple object tracking Verbal retrieval Verbal retrieval Number line Visual functions Visual functions Subjects • 7 WS subject • 14 DC subject 11 years • 11 control subject 10 years Charles vs. controll: number comparison 720 3400 700 Kontroll Charles 3200 680 3000 640 2800 RI ms RI ms 660 620 2600 600 2400 580 560 2200 540 1 2 3 4 5 Távolság Butterworth, 2003 6 7 8 2000 1 2 3 4 5 Távolság 6 7 8 Williams syndrome and DC Krajcsi, Racsmány, Igács, Pléh, 2005 6000 WS DK Controll 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Comparison Krajcsi, Racsmány, Igács, Pléh, 2005 Addition Tasks • • • • • Simple addition Simple multiplication Number comparison Dot counting Multiple object tracking Verbal retrieval Verbal retrieval Number line Visual functions Visual functions Magnitude representation (Intraparietal sulcus) Visual attention (Dorsal stream) Verbal systems (Left inferior frontal and left gyrus angularis, temporal regions) Number comparison (4) Executive functions (3) Magnitude representation Decision Comparison (1) Visual input (5) Motor region Response (2) Arabic numerical representation Selective load Response Time of processing Response Decision Decision Comparison Comparison (4) Executive functions Decision (3) Mental number line Comparison (1) Visual input (5) Motor region Response Arabic Arabic Input Input (2) Arabic numerical representation Krajcsi, 2005 Distance 1 Williams syndrome Developmental dyscalculia Control 0,95 0,9 0,85 0,8 0,75 0,7 0,65 0,6 0,55 0,5 Comparison distance effect Addition problem size effect Conclusions • Williams syndrome • Usual effects are present • Relatively bad parietal functions (comparison and dot counting) • Relatively good verbal functions (simple addition and multiplication – rote learning) • Broader considerations • DC is not caused by the deficit of magnitude representation • Selective load method validation Thank you for your attention! Attila Krajcsi1, Mihály Racsmány2, János Igács1, Csaba Pléh2 1University of Szeged 2Budapest University of Technology and Economics Mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.staff.u-szeged.hu/~krajcsi