Transcript Document

Reproductive System
• Reproductive system functions in gamete
• Production
• Storage
• Nourishment
• Transport
• Fertilization
• Fusion of male and female gametes to form a
zygote
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Male Reproductive System
• Pathway of spermatozoa
• Epididymis
• Ductus deferens (Vas deferens)
• Ejaculatory duct
• Accessory organs
• Seminal vesicles
• Prostate gland
• Bulbourethral glands
• Scrotal sac encloses testes
• Penis
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Figure 28.1 The Male Reproductive System
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Figure 28.1
Figure 28.3 The Male Reproductive System in
Anterior View
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Figure 28.3
Figure 28.4 The Structure of the Testes
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Figure 28.4
Spermatogenesis
• Seminiferous tubules
• Contain spermatogonia
• Stem cells involved in spermatogenesis
• Contain sustentacular cells
• Sustain and promote development of sperm
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Figure 28.5 The Seminiferous Tubules
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Figure 28.5a, b
Figure 28.5 The Seminiferous Tubules
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Figure 28.5c
Figure 28.7 Spermatogenesis
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Figure 28.7
Figure 28.8 Spermiogenesis and Spermatozoon
Structure
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Figure 28.8
Male reproductive tract
• Testes produce mature spermatozoa
• Sperm enter epididymus
• Elongated tubule with head, body and tail
regions
• Monitors and adjusts fluid in seminiferous
tubules
• Stores and protects spermatozoa
• Facilitates functional maturation of
spermatozoa
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Figure 28.9 The Epididymus
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Figure 28.9
Accessory glands
• Seminal vesicles
• Active secretory gland
• Contributes ~60% total volume of semen
• Secretions contain fructose, prostaglandins,
fibrinogen
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Accessory glands
• Prostate gland
• Secretes slightly acidic prostate fluid
• Bulbourethral glands
• Secrete alkaline mucus with lubricating
properties
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Figure 28.10 The Ductus Deferens and Accessory
Glands
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Figure 28.10a-e
Contents of Semen
• Typical ejaculate = 2-5 ml fluid
• Contains between 20 – 100 million
spermatozoa per ml
• Seminal fluid
• A distinct ionic and nutritive glandular
secretion
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Figure 28.11 The Penis
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Figure 28.11
Hormones and male reproductive function
• FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone)
• Targets sustentacular cells to promote
spermatogenesis
• LH (leutinizing hormone)
• Causes secretion of testosterone and other
androgens
• GnRH (Gonadotropin releasing hormone)
• Testosterone
• Most important androgen
PLAY
Animation: Male Reprroductive System Flythrough
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Figure 28.12 Hormonal Feedback and the
Regulation of the Male Reproductive Function
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Figure 28.12
SECTION 28-3
The Reproductive System of the Female
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Principle organs of the female reproductive
system
• Ovaries
• Uterine tubes
• Uterus
• Vagina
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Figure 28.13 The Female Reproductive System
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Figure 28.13
Figure 28.14 The Ovaries and Their
Relationships to the Uterine Tube and Uterus
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Figure 28.14a, b
Oogenesis
• Ovum production
• Occurs monthly in ovarian follicles
• Part of ovarian cycle
• Follicular phase (preovulatory)
• Luteal phase (postovulatory)
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Figure 28.15 Oogenesis
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Figure 28.15
Figure 28.16 The Ovarian Cycle
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Figure 28.16
Figure 28.16 The Ovarian Cycle
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Figure 28.16
Figure 28.17 The Uterine Tubes
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Figure 28.17a-c
The uterus
• Muscular organ
• Mechanical protection
• Nutritional support
• Waste removal for the developing embryo and
fetus
• Supported by the broad ligament and 3 pairs of
suspensory ligaments
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Uterine wall consists of three layers:
• Myometrium – outer muscular layer
• Endometrium – a thin, inner, glandular mucosa
• Perimetrium – an incomplete serosa continuous
with the peritoneum
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Figure 28.18 The Uterus
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Figure 28.18a, b
Figure 28.18 The Uterus
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Figure 28.18c
Figure 28.19 The Uterine Wall
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Figure 28.19a
Figure 28.19 The Uterine Wall
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Figure 28.19b
Uterine cycle
• Repeating series of changes in the endometrium
• Continues from menarche to menopause
• Menses
• Degeneration of the endometrium
• Menstruation
• Proliferative phase
• Restoration of the endometrium
• Secretory phase
• Endometrial glands enlarge and accelerate
their rates of secretion
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Figure 28.20 The Uterine Cycle
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Figure 28.20
External genitalia
• Vulva
• Vestibule
• Labia minora and majora
• Paraurethral glands
• Clitoris
• Lesser and greater vestibular glands
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Figure 28.22 The Female External Genitalia
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Figure 28.22
Figure 28.23 The Mammary Glands
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Figure 28.23a-c
Hormones of the female reproductive cycle
• Control the reproductive cycle
• Coordinate the ovarian and uterine cycles
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Hormones of the female reproductive cycle
• Key hormones include:
• FSH
• Stimulates follicular development
• LH
• Maintains structure and secretory function
of corpus luteum
• Estrogens
• Have multiple functions
• Progesterones
• Stimulate endometrial growth and secretion
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Figure 28.25 The Hormonal Regulation of
Ovarian Activity
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Figure 28.25
Figure 28.26 The Hormonal Regulation of the
Female Reproductive Cycle
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Figure 28.26a-c
Figure 28.26 The Hormonal Regulation of the
Female Reproductive Cycle
PLAY
Animation: Regulation of the Female Reproductive Cycle
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Figure 28.26d-f