Transcript Document

A Dynamic and Multidimensional Model of
Integration–Building on Longitudinal Quantitative
and Qualitative Data on Migrants in Vienna
Rossalina Latcheva
Institute for Advanced Studies (IHS)
Vienna
with
Barbara Herzog-Punzenberger
Austrian Academy of Science
International Conference on Migration and Life-Course Research
5/6 December, 2008, Conference Center “Teerhof”, University of Bremen
[email protected]
| Migration
and
Life-Course
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| Tel:
5/6+43
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Bremen
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Institute
| InstituteforforAdvanced
Advanced
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Stumpergasse
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56 || A-1060
A-1060
Wien
Wien | |Tel:
+43
1 159991-0
59991-0|| www.ihs.ac.at
| www.ihs.ac.at
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1
Point of departure (1)
Theoretical challenges
 Migration and integration – a battlefield of political interests
 blurring boundaries between categories of analysis and
categories of practice
 Migrants, ethno-national groups and receiving societies
treated as homogenous entities
 Integration as a…
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contested
one-dimensional
dichotomous
static
unidirectional & linear
decontextualized
non-relational and non-interactive concept, often without explicit
longitudinal or life-course perspective
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and Life-Course
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Institute for Advanced
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Wien || Tel:
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| www.ihs.ac.at
| www.equi.
2
Point of departure (2)
Methodological challenges
For decades (at least for Austria):
 almost no data on naturalized persons
 almost no longitudinal data on migrants and their
descendants
 small samples
 a missing life-course perspective within migration and
integration research
 no systematic integration of quantitative and qualitative
approaches in research design and analysis
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3
Implications for research
and policy-making (1)
 primarily descriptive, non-longitudinal and one-sided research
 due to small sample sizes impossibility to model complexity and
heterogeneity and control for intervening variables such as gender, age,
generation, year of arrival, country of origin, (year of) naturalization etc.
at the same time
 causal inferences derived mainly from theory and rarely based on
empirical evidence
which
 often leads to invalid and not sufficiently differentiated comparisons
between and within social categories
 imposes homogeneity on both, dependent and independent variables
 leads to uncertain and spurious causal inferences, =>> that often
legitimise political interventions
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4
Implications for research
and policy-making (2)
 The recognition that individual and social change are mutually
dependent generates the credo that the relationship between individuals
and their settings is bi-directional (Colby 1998: viii) and that this should
be explicitly approached in theory, study design and techniques of
analysis and of course in designing policy measures
 Studying the integration of migrants means conceptualising the dynamic
links between human agency and structure, between events in one life
domain and changes in another, between past events and current
statuses and thus adopting study design and research methods which
take all this into account (Giele and Elder 1998).
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5
An attempt to meet the challenges:
integrating research approaches and data
gathered within the LIMITS and SiM – projects
1. Combining quantitative and qualitative approaches using method
triangulation with connected samples
2. Integrating objective and subjective perspective in the assessment of
migration and integration processes: analysing the intersection between
migrants’ own perceptions and interpretations on the one side and the
objective traces of their biographies on the other
3. Conducting a variety of multivariate and content analysis (event history,
optimal matching, multidimensional scaling, cluster analysis, content
analysis across cases) and a systematic triangulation of findings
4. Developing a dynamic multidimensional model for explaining the
interdependency of time and context within the individual migration
biography, which allows for flexibility by grasping complexity
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Wien || Tel:
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| www.ihs.ac.at
| www.equi.
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The LIMITS-project:
Immigrants and Ethnic Minorities in European Cities:
Life Courses and Quality of Life in a World of
Limitations
LIMITS (2003-2006): funded by the EC within the FP5
Major objectives:
 collection and analysis of longitudinal data on life courses of migrants in six
European cities
 to catch the dynamics of migration and integration processes in different
national contexts
6 cities in 5 countries:
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Vienna (Austria),
Bielefeld (Germany),
Amsterdam & Rotterdam (Netherlands),
Lisbon (Portugal),
Stockholm (Sweden)
2 groups in each city: ~300 interviews per group (= 600 respondents per city)
database of approximately 3,300 cases
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The LIMITS-sample
Criteria for inclusion in the sample
at least 15 years of stay in the receiving country, first generation migrants
(proxy: at least 35 years of age), heterogeneous criteria of group definition, but
independent of current nationality
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| www.ihs.ac.at
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8
Data
Event histories (using calendar tool) of
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migration,
education and employment,
family formation,
housing,
social networks
language acquisition (attained courses and self-assessment)
Cross-sectional information on
income, pre-migration and citizenship acquisition
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SiM-project
SiM (2006): project funded by the Austrian Ministry for Science and
Research within the framework of the NODE research program
Build on the LIMITS-Data for Austria (Vienna): quantitative information
gathered on long-term residents in Vienna from Turkey and Serbia
(n=601)
Qualitative information from 30 in-depth interviews sampled on the basis of the produced trajectory clusters from
the optimal matching analysis
Research objectives:
 to discover similarities in migrants’ trajectories through re-analysis of the
LIMITS-data using optimal matching
 to assess the individual migration project from a subjective perspective
 to develop a dynamic and multidimensional model of integration
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| www.ihs.ac.at
| www.equi.
10
Methods of Analysis
Optimal matching
 analysis of labour market participation over time (analysing the
differences (distances) between pairs of individual trajectories)
 All possible pairs to be compared = (601 * (601-1) / 2) = 180.300
distances.
Multidimensional scaling & cluster analysis
 obtaining 5 different types (clusters) of labour market participation
over time (1. fully employed, 2.difficult beginning then full
employment, 3. discontinuous employment biography, 4.transition
from education to full employment, 5. outside the labour market)
Selection criteria for in-depth interviews
 cluster, ethnicity, gender, proficiency in German
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Cluster 1
Fully employed
all along the
migration
trajectory
n
Percent
Cluster 2
Cluster 3
Cluster 4
Cluster 5
Difficulties at
the beginning
Discontinuous
labour market
trajectory
Transition from
education to stably
employment
career
Outside the
labour market
Total
214
230
65
64
28
601
35,6
38,3
10,8
10,6
4,7
100
male
77,6
58,3
33,8
35,9
0,0
57,4
female
22,4
41,7
66,2
64,1
100,0
42,6
Turkey
33,2
54,3
52,3
75,0
82,1
50,1
Serbia
66,8
45,7
47,7
25,0
17,9
49,9
none
3,4
6,8
3,4
6,3
4,0
5,1
elementary
46,6
45,5
50,8
37,5
64,0
46,3
secondary
36,3
38,6
32,2
31,3
12,0
35,1
university entrance
certificate
13,7
9,1
13,6
25,0
20,0
13,5
35 - 44
22,9
43,9
73,8
70,3
57,1
43,1
45 - 54
35,5
38,3
24,6
25,0
32,1
34,1
55 - 64
31,3
13,0
1,5
1,6
10,7
17,0
65 and older
10,3
4,8
0,0
3,1
0,0
5,8
Gender (in %)
Ethnicity (in %)
Education (in %)
Age (in %)
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Institute for Advanced
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Wien || Tel:
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| www.ihs.ac.at
| www.equi.
12
Discussion
The dynamic of the model results from:
 the interdependency of the different dimensions (within and
between phases)
 the different composition of the relevant dimensions within phases
and life cycles
Next steps: validation of the model
 other groups of origin,
 other types of migrants (refugees, transnational migrants,…)
 other national contexts
[email protected]
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December
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Institute for Advanced
Studies | Stumpergasse
56 | A-1060
Wien || Tel:
1 59991-0| Bremen
| www.ihs.ac.at
| www.equi.
14
Does the model meet the challenges?
homogeneity
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unidimensional

dichotomous

grades and shades
static

dynamic: interdependency of phases and
dimensions (longitudinal data)
decontextualized

heterogeneity between and within groups
depending on time of arrival, gender, generation
multidimensional with at least 4 dimensions
framed by changing conditions of the receiving
society
The model allows to grasp complexity, it is derived by a systematic
integration of quantitative and qualitative approaches in study design and
analysis
[email protected]
| Migration
and Life-Course
Research
5/6 +43
December
|
Institute for Advanced
Studies | Stumpergasse
56 | A-1060
Wien || Tel:
1 59991-0| Bremen
| www.ihs.ac.at
| www.equi.
15
Thank you for your attention and critical
remarks!
Rossalina Latcheva
Institute for Advanced Studies
[email protected]
www.equi.at
Stumpergasse 56
A-1060 Vienna
Tel: ++43 59991 135
Fax: ++43 59991 191
[email protected]
| Migration
and Life-Course
Research
5/6 +43
December
|
Institute for Advanced
Studies | Stumpergasse
56 | A-1060
Wien || Tel:
1 59991-0| Bremen
| www.ihs.ac.at
| www.equi.
16