Transcript Slide 1

继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
新发展英语（一）
第一百零六讲
授课教师：曹瑜
Text Study
Should There Be Homework?
Para. 1 The idea that much of the homework
currently set in schools is essentially pointless is
winning increasing support. Many educationalists
have begun to question the load– and the content
of the load– we put on early teenage children.
adv. 当前，目前；通常，一般，现在；
Twelve potential vaccines are currently being
tested on human volunteers.
目前正在人类志愿者身上试验12种试用疫苗。
He currently has no strong rivals for power.
目前没有可以和他争夺权势的有力对手。
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1. 可数名词(河、湖或海的)水流，潮流 A current
is a steady and continuous flowing movement
of some of the water in a river, lake, or sea.
Under normal conditions, the ocean currents of
the tropical Pacific travel from east to west...
在正常情况下，太平洋的热带洋流自东向西流。
The couple were swept away by the strong
current. 这对夫妻被巨大的水流卷走了。
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2. 可数名词气流 A current is a steady flowing movement
of air.
I felt a current of cool air blowing in my face. 我觉得脸上
有一阵冷风吹过。
3. 可数名词电流 An electric current is a flow of electricity
through a wire or circuit.
A powerful electric current is passed through a piece of
graphite. 给一块石墨通入强电流。
4. 可数名词思潮;潮流;趋向 A particular current is a
particular feeling, idea, or quality that exists within a
group of people.
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5. 形容词现时的;当前的;进行中的 Current means
happening, being used, or being done at the present
time.
The current situation is very different to that in 1990.
当前的形势与1990年截然不同。
End
1.adv. 本质上，根本上；本来
It's been believed for centuries that great writers,
composers and scientists are essentially quite
different from ordinary people... 几个世纪以来人们一
直相信伟大的作家、作曲家和科学家从根本上就与普通
人大不相同。
2. adv. 大体上;基本上 (FORMAL 正式)
His analysis of urban use of agricultural land has been
proved essentially correct. 他有关城市占用农业用地的
分析已被证明大体上是正确的。
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1. 形容词 绝对必要的;必不可少的;基本的 Something that
is essential is extremely important or absolutely
necessary to a particular subject, situation, or activity.
It was absolutely essential to separate crops from the
areas that animals used as pasture.
将种植和放牧区分开绝对必要。
2. 可数名词 必需品;不可或缺之物 The essentials are the
things that are absolutely necessary for the situation
you are in or for the task you are doing.
The flat contained the basic essentials for bachelor life.
那套公寓配有单身生活的基本必需品。
End
1. 可数名词教育学家;教育理论家 An educationalist is
someone who is specialized in the theories and
methods of education.
British educationalists are divided about how best to
teach reading. 英国教育学家在如何以最佳方式教授阅
读的问题上存在分歧。
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1. adj. 教育的;与教育相关的 Educational matters or
institutions are concerned with or relate to education.
the British educational system. 英国的教育体制
pupils with special educational needs. 需要特殊教育的
学生
2. adj.有教育意义的;教育性的 An educational experience
teaches you something.
The teaching staff should make sure the kids have an
enjoyable and educational day. 老师们应该确保孩子
们度过愉快而有教育意义的一天。
End
n. 内容；（书等的）目录；满足；容量
adj. 满足的，满意的；愿意的；心甘情愿的
vt. 使满足，使满意
1. 不可数名词(书、演讲、电视节目等的)内容 If you refer
to the content or contents of something such as a
book, speech, or television program, you are referring
to the subject that it deals with, the story that it tells, or
the ideas that it expresses.
She is reluctant to discuss the content of the play... 她
不愿意谈该剧的内容。
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2. 形容词 满足的;知足的 If you are content with
something, you are willing to accept it, rather than
wanting something more or something better.
I am content to admire the mountains from below... 我
满足于从山脚下观赏山景。
I'm perfectly content with the way the campaign has
gone... 我对竞选活动的进展十分满意。
3. 形容词满意的;惬意的 If you are content, you are fairly
happy or satisfied.
He says his daughter is quite content. 他说他女儿非常
满意。
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4. VERB 动词使(自己)满足(于…) If you content yourself
with something, you accept it and do not try to do or
have other things.
Most manufacturers content themselves with updating
existing models.
大多数制造商都满足于对现有款型进行更新。
End
1. 形容词 十几岁的;青少年的 Teenage children are
aged between thirteen and nineteen years old.
Almost one in four teenage girls now smoke.
如今，十几岁的女孩几乎 4 个当中就有 1 个抽烟。
2. 形容词 面向十几岁青少年的;由十几岁青少年完成的
Teenage is used to describe things such as films,
magazines, bands, or activities that are aimed at or
are done by teenage children.
'Smash Hits', a teenage magazine
青少年杂志《流行金曲》
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可数名词青少年，十几岁的人
A teenager is someone who is between thirteen and
nineteen years old.
Since his parents died early, he had to earn his own
living when he was a teenager. 因双亲早亡，他十几
岁的时候就不得不独自谋生。
End
家庭作业有必要吗？
Para 1. 目前学校布置太多的家庭作业，这种做法
基本上是没有意义的。这一观点正得到越来越多
的人的支持。许多教育学家已经开始质疑学校施
加在青少年身上的这种负担——以及这种负担的
内容。
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
新发展英语（一）
第一百零七讲
授课教师：曹瑜
Text Study
Para. 2 Liberal theorists often argue the time
spent completing set exercises could be better
used reading out loud, playing board games with
mum, or walking the dog with dad. Some, such as
educational consultant and former high-school
principal Ian Lillico, have suggested home work
(should) involve housework, and children might
be assessed, for instance, on their washing-up
skills.
1. 形容词开明的；开通的；（个人）自由主义的
Someone who has liberal views believes people
should have a lot of freedom in deciding how to
behave and think.
Liberal is also a noun.
...a nation of free-thinking liberals. 思想开放的自由主义
者的国度
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2. 形容词（制度等）开放的；（政治或经济上）自由主
义的 A liberal system allows people or organizations a
lot of political or economic freedom.
a liberal democracy with a multiparty political system...
多党政制的自由民主国家
They favor liberal free-market policies.
他们支持开放的自由市场政策。
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名词（历史、文学等）大学文科 At a university or
college, liberal arts courses are on subjects such as
history or literature rather than science, law, medicine,
or business.
There has been a decline in enrollment in liberal arts
courses in favor of highly specialized training for
high-paying careers, mostly in business.
文科课程的报名人数有所下降，而以商业为主、针对
高薪职业的高度专业化培训课程则越来越受欢迎。
End
1. 动词争吵;争执 If one person argues with another,
they speak angrily to each other about something
that they disagree about. You can also say that two
people argue .
They were still arguing; I could hear them down the
road. 他们还在争吵；我在马路的那头都能听见他们的
声音。
2. 动词争论；争辩 If you tell someone not to argue with
you, you want them to do or believe what you say
without protest or disagreement.
Don't argue with me. 别和我争辩。
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3. 动词 主张；认为 If you argue that something is true,
you state it and give the reasons why you think it is
true.
His lawyers are arguing that he is unfit to stand trial. 他
的律师正在提出理由说明他不适合出庭受审。
4. 动词 支持/反对 If you argue for something, you say
why you agree with it, in order to persuade people
that it is right. If you argue against something, you
say why you disagree with it, in order to persuade
people that it is wrong.
The report argues against tax increases. 报告提出理由
反对提高税率。
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1. 动词 咨询;请教;请示(以获得许可) If you consult an
expert or someone senior to you or consult with them,
you ask them for their opinion and advice about what
you should do or their permission to do something.
Consult your doctor about how much exercise you
should attempt. 咨询一下医生你需要多大的运动量。
He needed to consult with an attorney... 他需要找个
律师咨询一下。
If you are in any doubt, consult a financial adviser. 如
有任何疑问，请向财务顾问咨询。
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2. 动词商量;商讨;商议 If a person or group of people
consults with other people or consults them, they talk
and exchange ideas and opinions about what they
might decide to do.
After consulting with her daughter and manager she
decided to take on the part, on her terms. 与女儿兼经
纪人商量之后，她决定出演这一角色，不过要按照她
开出的条件。
End
1. 形容词首要的；最主要的；最重要的 Principal means
first in order of importance.
The principal reason for my change of mind is this. 这是
我改变主意的最主要原因。
...the country's principal source of foreign exchange
earnings... 这个国家最主要的外汇收入来源
Their principal concern is bound to be that of winning the
next general election. 他们最关心的问题肯定是赢得下
一次大选。
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2. 可数名词（中小学）校长；（英国）大学校长，学院
院长 The principal of a school, or in Britain the
principal of a college, is the person in charge of the
school or college.
Donald King is the principal of Dartmouth High School.
唐纳德·金是达特茅斯中学的校长。
End
1. 动词 需要;包含 If a situation or activity involves
something, that thing is a necessary part or
consequence of it.
Running a kitchen involves a great deal of discipline
and speed.
料理好厨房需要把一切都安排得规规矩矩，且要讲求速
度。
Nicky's job as a public relations director involves
spending quite a lot of time with other people.
尼基作为公共关系主管，需要花很多时间与别人打交道。
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2. 动词牵涉;涉及 If a situation or activity involves
someone, they are taking part in it.
If there was a cover-up, it involved people at the very
highest levels of government. 如果有人想要隐瞒实情,
那其中就涉及政府部门最高层的人物。
...a riot involving a hundred inmates... 有 100 名囚犯参与
的暴动
Detectives launched an operation involving Interpol
and Nigerian police. 侦探们联合国际刑警与尼日利亚
警方开展了一项行动。
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3. 动词使陷入;使卷入 If you say that someone involves
themselves in something, you mean that they take
part in it, often in a way that is unnecessary or
unwanted.
I seem to have involved myself in something I don't
understand. 我似乎卷入了一件我并不知情的事情当中。
4. 动词使参与;使介入 If you involve someone else in
something, you get them to take Before too long he
started involving me in the more confidential aspects
of the job. 不久,他便开始让我介入工作中更机密的方面。
part in it.
End
1. 动词 评估；评价；考查 When you assess a person,
thing, or situation, you consider them in order to make
a judgment about them.
Our correspondent has been assessing the impact of
the sanctions. 我们的记者一直在评估制裁带来的影响。
The test was to assess aptitude rather than academic
achievement... 这次测试是考查能力，而不是学习成绩。
。
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2. 动词 评估（价值）；估价 When you assess the
amount of money that something is worth or should
be paid, you calculate or estimate it.
Ask them to send you information on how to assess the
value of your belongings.让他们把怎样评估你的财产
价值的资料寄来。
What's the property's assessed value? 这些财产的估值
是多少？
。
End
Para. 2 主张变革的 一些理论学家通常认为，花
在完成额定练习的时间不如用再大声朗读，和妈
妈玩棋盘游戏，或与爸爸遛遛狗。一些人建议把
家务劳动归纳如家庭作业中，并且可以对孩子进
行考核，比如洗完的技能。教育顾问，原高中校
长伊恩李力克就持有这种观点。
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
新发展英语（一）
第一百零八讲
授课教师：曹瑜
Text Study
Para. 3 Lilico, explaining the need for his rather
different approach, calls it “really disgusting”
that--according to his own research– the average
time spent communicating between father and
adolescent son is eight seconds a day.
1. 动词 靠近;接近;走近 When you approach something,
you get closer to it
He didn't approach the front door at once... 他没有马上
走向前门。
When I approached, they grew silent... 当我走近时，他
们就不说话了。
We turned to see the approaching car slow down. 我们
转身看见驶近的车慢慢停下。
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2. 名词 路径;途径;道路 An approach to a place is a road,
path, or other route that leads to it.
The path serves as an approach to the boat house. 这条
小路通往船屋。
3. VERB 动词 与…接洽；找…商量 If you approach
someone about something, you speak to them about
it for the first time, often making an offer or request.
Chappel approached me about the job, my first reaction
was of disbelief... 当查普尔为这份工作找我商量时，我
的第一反应是不相信。
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3. 动词 探讨；处理；对待
Employers are interested in how you approach problems.
雇主们对你如何处理问题感兴趣。
4. 可数名词 方法;态度;手段 Your approach to a task,
problem, or situation is the way you deal with it or
think about it.
We will be exploring different approaches to gathering
information. 我们将探索收集信息的不同方法。
End
1. 形容词 令人厌恶的;令人作呕的 If you say that
something is disgusting, you are criticizing it because
it is extremely unpleasant.
It tasted disgusting... 这味道令人作呕。
Smoking is a disgusting habit. 吸烟是一个不良嗜好。
2. 形容词完全不能接受的;可怕的 If you say that
something is disgusting, you mean that you find it
completely unacceptable.
It's disgusting that the taxpayer is subsidizing this project.
由纳税人来资助这一项目实在是说不过去。
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1. 可数名词 厌恶;憎恶 Disgust is a feeling of very strong
dislike or disapproval.
A look of disgust came over his face... 他脸上显出厌恶的
表情。
I threw the book aside in disgust. 我厌恶地把书扔到一边。
2. 动词使厌恶;使憎恶 To disgust someone means to
make them feel a strong sense of dislike and
disapproval.
He disgusted many with his boorish behavior. 他的粗野
行为让很多人都讨厌他。
End
1. 名词平均数；均值 An average is the result that you
get when you add two or more numbers together and
divide the total by the number of numbers you added
together.
Take the average of those ratios and multiply by a
hundred. 算出那些比率的平均值再乘以100。
Average is also an adjective.
The average price of goods rose by just 2.2%... 商品平
均价格只上涨了2.2％。
Of America's million millionaires in 1985, the average
age was 63. 1985年美国上百万的百万富翁的平均年龄
是63岁。
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2. 形容词一般的;通常的;普通的 An average person or
thing is typical or normal.
The average adult man burns 1,500 to 2,000 calories
per day... 普通成年男子每天消耗的热量为1,500到
2,000卡路里。
Packaging is about a third of what is found in an average
British dustbin. 英国垃圾桶里平均约有1/3是产品包装。
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3. 形容词 普通的；寻常的；一般的 Something that is
average is neither very good nor very bad, usually
when you had hoped it would be better.
I was only average academically. 我的学习成绩一般。
averagely
Most children are not geniuses or stars. They just do
averagely well... 大多数孩子既不是天才也不是明星，
他们只是表现平平。
End
形容词 青少年的;青春期的 Adolescent is used to
describe young people who are no longer children but
who have not yet become adults. It also refers to their
behavior.
He spent his adolescent years playing guitar in the
church band. 他在教堂的乐队里弹吉他，度过了他的
青少年时期。
...adolescent rebellion. 青春期的叛逆
An adolescent is an adolescent boy or girl.青少年
Young adolescents are happiest with small groups of
close friends. 青少年在和自己小圈子里的好友呆在一
起时最为开心。
Para. 3 成长 李力克解释了他这种有点与众不同的
方法的必要性。根据他自己的一项研究显示：父
亲与青春期的儿子之间的对话时间仅为平均每天
八分钟。他称这样的结果“真是太糟糕了”。
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
新发展英语（一）
第一百零九讲
授课教师：曹瑜
Text Study
Para. 4 “Half of that is grunting, anyway,” says
Lillico, “and it is indecipherable… if we, as
fathers, don’t communicate with them, the impact
we’re having on them is negligible, much less
than maybe other adults in the community.
1. 动词（尤指因为烦恼或不感兴趣）咕噜，嘟哝着说 If
you grunt, you make a low sound, especially because
you are annoyed or not interested in something.
The driver grunted, convinced that Michael was crazy...
司机嘟哝了一声，认定迈克尔是发疯了。
He grunted his thanks. 他嘟哝着道了谢。
Grunt is also a noun.
Their replies were no more than grunts of
acknowledgement.
他们所谓的回答不过是表示承认的咕哝罢了。
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2. 动词（动物）发出哼声，发出咕噜声 When an animal
grunts, it makes a low rough noise.
...the sound of a pig grunting. 猪发出的呼噜声
End
1. 形容词(字迹、话语等)难懂的，难辨认的，模糊的 If
writing or speech is indecipherable, you cannot
understand what the words are.
Maggie's writing was virtually indecipherable... 玛吉的笔
迹几乎无法辨认。
He uttered little indecipherable sounds. 他声音很小，听
不清楚。
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动词破译;译解 If you decipher a piece of writing or a
message, you work out what it says, even though it is
very difficult to read or understand.
I'm still no closer to deciphering the code.
我还是无法破译该密码。
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1. 可数名词影响;作用 The impact that something has on
a situation, process, or person is a sudden and
powerful effect that it has on them.
They say they expect the meeting to have a marked
impact on the future of the country... 他们称他们预期
会议对国家的未来会产生显著影响。
The major impact of this epidemic worldwide is yet to
come... 这种传染病在世界范围内的重大影响还未完全
显现。
When an executive comes into a new job, he wants to
quickly make an impact. 一个新主管刚上任时,会希望
尽快树立威信。
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2. 名词撞击;碰撞;撞击力 An impact is the action of one
object hitting another, or the force with which one
object hits another.
A running track should be capable of absorbing the
impact of a runner's foot landing on it. 跑道应该能够吸
收奔跑者踩踏地面时产生的撞击力。
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3. 动词(对…)产生影响 To impact on a situation, process,
or person means to affect them. 【
Such schemes mean little unless they impact on people.
这些计划没什么意义,除非它们对人民产生影响。
...the potential for women to impact the political process.
女性影响政治进程的潜力
4. 动词撞击;冲击;碰撞 If one object impacts on another,
it hits it with great force.
V on/upon/with
When a large object impacts the Earth, it makes a crater.
当巨大物体撞击地球时,就会产生凹坑。
End
形容词 微不足道的;可忽略不计的 An amount or effect
that is negligible is so small that it is not worth
considering or worrying about.
The pay that the soldiers received was negligible... 士兵
拿到的军饷少得可怜。
Senior managers are convinced that the strike will have
a negligible impact. 高层主管们相信罢工的影响微不足
道
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1. 动词 忽视;忽略;疏于照看 If you neglect someone or
something, you fail to look after them properly.
The woman denied that she had neglected her child.
那位女士否认疏于照管自己的孩子。
...an ancient and neglected church. 疏于维护的古教堂
Neglect is also a noun.
The town's old quayside is collapsing after years of
neglect.
镇上老码头区多年来疏于维护，快要塌陷了。
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2. 动词 不予重视;忽视 If you neglect someone or
something, you fail to give them the amount of
attention that they deserve.
If you are not careful, children tend to neglect their
homework. 如果你不注意的话，孩子们往往会不重视
他们的家庭作业。
3. VERB 动词疏忽;疏漏 If you neglect to do something
that you ought to do or neglect your duty, you fail to
do it.
They never neglect their duties. 他们从未玩忽职守。
End
Para. 4 无论“总之那一半时间的对话都是含糊
不清的咕噜声”，李力克说道，“而且对话的内
容也无法弄懂……作为父亲，如果我们不和孩子
进行交流，那么我们给他们的影响可能还远不及
社区里其他成年人的影响大，简直可以被忽略不
计了。”
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
新发展英语（一）
第一百一十讲
授课教师：曹瑜
Text Study
Para. 5 Part of Ian Lillico’s solution is his
“homework grid”, a diagram that contains
entries for “taking the dog for a walk” or “going for
a walk with your parents”. Other squares in the
homework grid might include those for shopping,
cooking, playing a game with an adult, and
housework.
1. 名词(问题、困难等的)解决办法 A solution to a
problem or difficult situation is a way of dealing with it
so that the difficulty is removed.
Although he has sought to find a peaceful solution, he
is facing pressure to use greater military force. 尽管他
试图寻求和平解决，但现在却面临使用更多武力的压力。
...the ability to sort out simple, effective solutions to
practical problems. 找出简单有效的方法解决实际问题
的能力
For More
2. 名词谜底;答案 The solution to a puzzle is the answer
to it.
3. N-COUNT 可数名词溶液 A solution is a liquid in which
a solid substance has been dissolved.
Vitamins in solution are more affected than those in
solid foods. 溶液里的维生素比固体食物里的维生素受
到的影响更大。
End
1. N-COUNT 可数名词（输送电力等的）系统网络 A
grid is a network of wires and cables by which
sources of power, such as electricity, are distributed
throughout a country or area.
State Grid 国家电网
2. N-COUNT 可数名词 网格；（地图上的）坐标方格
A grid is something which is in a pattern of straight lines
that cross over each other, forming squares. On
maps the grid is used to help you find a particular
thing or place.
...a grid of narrow streets... 纵横交错的狭窄街道
1.可数名词图表;简图;示意图 A diagram is a simple
drawing which consists mainly of lines and is used, for
example, to explain how a machine works.
a circuit diagram... 电路图
You can reduce long explanations to simple charts or
diagrams. 你可以把冗长的解释简化成一目了然的图表。
2. 动词绘制…的示意图;用图表表示（或说明） To
diagram something means to draw a diagram of it or
to explain it using a diagram. （ AM FORMAL ）
The sound waves of the voice could be diagramed as in
B. 这个声音的声波如图B所示。
1. VERB 动词 装有;容纳 If something such as a box, bag,
room, or place contains things, those things are inside
it.
The bag contained a Christmas card... 这个包里装着一
张圣诞卡。
Factory shops contain a wide range of cheap
furnishings... 工厂车间里陈设着种类繁多的廉价家具。
For More
2. VERB 动词包含;含有 If a substance contains
something, that thing is a part of it.
Greek yogurt contains much less fat than double
cream... 希腊酸奶比高脂浓奶油所含脂肪要少得多。
3. VERB 动词控制;遏制;防止…蔓延 If you contain
something, you control it and prevent it from
spreading or increasing.
More than a hundred firemen are still trying to contain
the fire at the plant. 上百名消防队员仍在试图控制工厂
的火势。
The city authorities said the curfew had contained the
violence. 市政府称宵禁遏制住了暴力事件。
End
1. N-COUNT 可数名词正方形;四方形 A square is a
shape with four sides that are all the same length
and four corners that are all right angles.
2. 名词；名称名词(通常为方形的)广场 In a town or city,
a square is a flat open place, often in the shape of a
square.
The house is located in one of Pimlico's prettiest garden
squares. 房子位于皮姆利科最美丽的一个花园广场上。
The town centre is thick with churches and cafe-lined
squares. 市中心随处都是教堂和被咖啡店包围的广场。
For More
3. 形容词正方形的;方的 Something that is square has a
shape the same as a square or similar to a square.
His finger nails were square and cut neatly across. 他的
手指甲是方形的，修剪得很齐。
4. 形容词(用于长度单位前表示面积)平方的 Square is
used before units of length when referring to the area
of something. For example, if something is three
meters long and two meters wide, its area is six
square meters.
The Philippines has just 6,000 square kilometers of
forest left. 菲律宾只剩下 6,000 平方公里的森林了。
End
Para. 5 而我自己，伊恩李力克的解决方法其中
的一项就是“家庭作业表格”。这是一个包含许
多条目的计划，比如“遛狗”或是“和你的父母
出去走走”。家庭作业表格的其他方格里还可以
包括：购物，烹饪，和大人做游戏以及家务劳动。
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
新发展英语（一）
第一百一十一讲
授课教师：曹瑜
Text Study
Para. 6a “When they do housework, the realize
their parents aren’t their slaves”, he says, “and if
they don’t do it well, it doesn’t get signed off by
mum and dad. They’re developing a work ethic.
1. VERB 动词认识到；意识到；了解 If you realize that
something is true, you become aware of that fact or
understand it.
As soon as we realized something was wrong, we
moved the children away... 我们刚意识到有什么不对
劲就把孩子转移了。
People don't realize how serious this recession has
actually been... 人们没有意识到这次经济衰退事实上
有多严重。
For More
2. VERB 动词（希望、心愿或恐惧）实现，成为现实，发
生 If your hopes, desires, or fears are realized, the
things that you hope for, desire, or fear actually
happen.
Those are our hopes; we are starting this clinical trial to
investigate whether those hopes will be realized.
那些就是我们的希望；我们正在开展这些临床试验以调
查那些希望是否可以实现。
For More
2. VERB 动词（希望、心愿或恐惧）实现，成为现实，发
生 If your hopes, desires, or fears are realized, the
things that you hope for, desire, or fear actually
happen.
Those are our hopes; we are starting this clinical trial to
investigate whether those hopes will be realized.
那些就是我们的希望；我们正在开展这些临床试验以调
查那些希望是否可以实现。
For More
3. VERB 动词发挥，实现（潜力） If someone or
something realizes their potential, they do everything
they are capable of doing, because they have been
given the opportunity to do so.
The support systems to enable women to realize their
potential at work are seriously inadequate... 使妇女在
工作中发挥潜力的支持体系严重不足。
For More
4. VERB 动词实现（利润）；卖得… If something
realizes a particular amount of money when it is sold,
that amount of money is paid for it. （FORMAL 正式）
A selection of correspondence from P G Wodehouse
realized £ 1,232.
P.G.沃德豪斯的书信选集卖了1,232英镑。
End
1. 可数名词奴隶 A slave is someone who is the property
of another person and has to work for that person.
The state of Liberia was formed a century and a half ago
by freed slaves from the United States. 150年前，从
美国获得了自由归来的奴隶建立了利比里亚。
2. 可数名词完全被控制的人;完全被影响的人 You can
describe someone as a slave when they are
completely under the control of another person or of
a powerful influence.
Movie stars used to be slaves to the studio system. 电影
明星过去完全受制于大制片厂制度。
For More
3. VERB 动词辛苦地工作;卖命地干 If you say that a
person is slaving over something or is slaving for
someone, you mean that they are working very hard.
When you're busy all day the last thing you want to
do is spend hours slaving over a hot stove. 辛苦了一
整天之后，最不愿意做的事情就是在热烘烘的炉子前
再忙活上好几个钟头。
Slave away means the same as slave.
He stares at the hundreds of workers slaving away in
the intense sun. 他凝视着在炎炎烈日下辛苦劳作的几
百名工人
End
PHRASAL VERB 短语动词
(在信的结尾)写结束语;(挂电话、广播节目结束时)就说到
这，到此为止 If someone signs off, they write a final
message at the end of a letter or they say a final
message at the end of a telephone conversation. You
can say that people such as entertainers sign off
when they finish a broadcast.
I'll sign off. We'll talk at the beginning of the week... 好，
就说到这儿吧，下周初我们再谈。
He would sign off each week with the catch-phrase, 'I'll
see thee!' 每周结束节目时他都会说那句经典的话，
“下周见！”。
For More
n. 记号，符号；信号，暗号；手势；预兆
vt.& vi. 签名，签字；用信号表示；画十字于；打手势
动词打手势语;为(节目或表演)配手语 If you sign, you
communicate with someone using sign language. If a
program or performance is signed, someone uses
sign language so that deaf people can understand it.
All programs will be either 'signed' or subtitled... 所有节
目要么要配手语要么要打字幕。
For More
可数名词招牌;标牌;指示牌;告示牌;标志 A sign is a
piece of wood, metal, or plastic with words or
pictures on it. Signs give you information about
something, or give you a warning or an instruction.
...a sign saying that the highway was closed because of
snow. 声明公路因大雪而关闭的告示牌
For More
动词在…上签名;在…上签字;签署 When you sign a
document, you write your name on it, usually at the
end or in a special space. You do this to indicate that
you have written the document, that you agree with
what is written, or that you were present as a witness.
World leaders are expected to sign a treaty pledging
to increase environmental protection... 世界各国首脑
预计会签署一份承诺加强环境保护的协定。
Before an operation the patient will be asked to sign
a consent form. 手术前患者将被要求在同意书上签字。
For More
1. Ethics 道德规范;伦理 Ethics are moral beliefs and
rules about right and wrong.
Its members are bound by a rigid code of ethics which
includes confidentiality. 它的成员受到包括保密在内的
一套严格的伦理规范的约束。
2. 不可数名词伦理学 Ethics is the study of questions
about what is morally right and wrong.
...the teaching of ethics and moral philosophy. 伦理学和
道德哲学的教学
For More
3. 复数名词（个人信奉的）道德原则 Someone's ethics
are the moral principles about right and wrong
behavior which they believe in.
It is common to distinguish between personal and social
ethics... 个人道德准则和社会道德准则常常不一致。
4. 单数名词 道德规范；伦理标准 An ethic of a particular
kind is an idea or moral belief that influences the
behavior, attitudes, and philosophy of a group of
people.
...the ethic of public service. 公共服务的道德标准
For More
Para. 6a “当孩子们做家务的时候，他们就会意
识到父母并不是他们的奴隶。”他说, “如果他
们做的不好，那么爸爸妈妈就不给他们签字。他
们是在培养一种职业道德。”
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
新发展英语（一）
第一百一十二讲
授课教师：曹瑜
Text Study
Para. 6b Also, I’m developing context where
parents can praise their children when they do the
right thing—rather than have them in their
bedroom for two hours, writing out something that
should be done at school–- and through praise
comes behavior management and comes
bonding, so it’s really an all-encompassing
philosophy.”
n. 行为；态度；（机器等的）运转性能；（事物的）反应
Apologize to her for your rude behavior!
你的行为太粗鲁了,向她表示歉意吧!
Her husband felt ashamed at her behavior.
她丈夫为她的行为感到害臊。
A person’s behavior is often regulated by his
circumstances.
人的行为常受其所处环境的约束。
For More
1. VERB 动词表现 The way that you behave is the way
that you do and say things, and the things that you
do and say.
I couldn't believe these people were behaving in this
way... 我难以相信这些人竟会有这种举动。
He'd behaved badly. 他表现得很糟糕。
2. VERB 动词守规矩；举止得体；行为检点 If you
behave or behave yourself, you act in the way that
people think is correct and proper.
You have to behave... 你得规矩点。
They were expected to behave themselves. 他们应该守
规矩。
adj. 包罗万象的；包括一切的 broad in scope or content
synonym：
across-the-board，
all-embracing，
all-inclusive;
For More
1. VERB 动词包括;包含 If something encompasses
particular things, it includes them.
...the extra services, which start next September and
encompass a wide range of special interests... 将从
明年9月开始并涵盖各种特殊需求的额外服务。
2. VERB 动词包围;围绕;覆盖 To encompass a place
means to completely surround or cover it.
Encompassing over a million square miles, this
remote and mountainous domain presides over the
rest of Asia... 这片偏远多山的疆土位于亚洲大陆，占
地超过100万平方英里。
End
1. 不可数名词哲学 Philosophy is the study or creation of
theories about basic things such as the nature of
existence, knowledge, and thought, or about how
people should live.
He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge. 他
在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。
...traditional Chinese philosophy. 中国传统哲学
2. 可数名词哲学思想；哲学体系；哲学理论 A philosophy
is a particular set of ideas that a philosopher has.
...the philosophies of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. 苏格
拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德的哲学思想
For More
3. 可数名词人生哲学；生活信条 A philosophy is a
particular theory that someone has about how to live
or how to deal with a particular situation.
The best philosophy is to change your food habits to a
low-sugar, high-fiber diet... 最好的生活方式是改变饮
食习惯，食用低糖、高纤维食品。
When I interviewed Shakira I felt in tune with her
philosophy of life... 采访莎基拉时，我觉得自己和她的
人生哲学很合拍。
Annie's work reflects her philosophy that life is full of
mysteries. 安妮的作品反映了她的人生哲学，即生活
充满神秘色彩。
End
Para. 6b 而且，我正在创设一种环境：当孩子们
做对的事情时，父母能够给与表扬——而不是让
他们在卧室里，花两个小时做那些应该在学校完
成的事——通过表扬，父母不仅能够管理其行为
而且还能与孩子关系亲密。因此，这确实是一个
完整的教育观念。”
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
新发展英语（一）
第一百一十三讲
授课教师：曹瑜
Text Study
Para. 7 Perhaps The King’s School’s Tim Hawkes,
who is also the author of a book, Boy Oh Boy, and
an adviser to the Federal Government on boy’s
education, does not agree that we should view
activities such as making the bed, cutting the grass,
or helping out with the dishes as being homework.
1. N-COUNT 可数名词作者;著作者 The author of a piece
of writing is the person who wrote it.
...Jill Phillips, author of the book 'Give Your Child Music'.
吉尔·菲利普斯，《给孩子音乐》一书的作者
2. N-COUNT 可数名词 作家 An author is a person
whose job is writing books.
Haruki Murakami is Japan's best-selling author. 村上春
树是日本当红的畅销书作家。
For More
1. N-COUNT 可数名词作者;著作者 The author of a piece
of writing is the person who wrote it.
...Jill Phillips, author of the book 'Give Your Child Music'.
吉尔·菲利普斯，《给孩子音乐》一书的作者
2. N-COUNT 可数名词 作家 An author is a person
whose job is writing books.
Haruki Murakami is Japan's best-selling author. 村上春
树是日本当红的畅销书作家。
For More
3. N-COUNT 可数名词(计划或建议的）筹划者，制定者
The author of a plan or proposal is the person who
thinks of it and works out the details.
The authors of the plan believe they can reach this
point within about two years.
该计划的提出者相信他们约在两年内可以达成该目标。
4. 动词创作；撰写 To author something means to be
the author of it.
Then he opened a restaurant, authored a book, and
landed his own radio show. 后来他开了个餐馆，写了
本书，还制作了自己的广播剧。
For More
名词(书、戏剧或报告的)合著者 The co-authors of a
book, play, or report are the people who have written
it together.
动词合著(书、戏剧或报告) If two or more people coauthor a book, play, or report, they write it together.
End
N-COUNT 可数名词 顾问；提供意见者 An adviser is an
expert whose job is to give advice to another person
or to a group of people.
In Washington, the President and his advisers spent the
day in meetings. 在华盛顿，总统和他的顾问们一整天
都在开会。
He is my legal adviser. 他是我的法律顾问。
...a careers adviser. 职业顾问
For More
3. VERB 动词赞成；赞同 If you agree with an action or
suggestion, you approve of it.
I don't agree with what they're doing... 我不赞同他们正
在做的事情。
In his heart he knew they'd agree with his stand. 他内心
明白他们会赞成他的立场。
For More
1.形容词 令人愉快的；宜人的 If something is agreeable,
it is pleasant and you enjoy it.
...workers in more agreeable and better paid
occupations. 在条件更惬意、报酬更丰厚的行业工作。
2. 形容词亲切的;友善的;讨人喜欢的 If someone is
agreeable, they are pleasant and try to please people.
I've gone out of my way to be agreeable to his friends.
我已然特意地去讨好他的朋友们。
end
1. N-COUNT 可数名词观点;看法;见解;态度 Your views
on something are the beliefs or opinions that you
have about it, for example whether you think it is
good, bad, right, or wrong.
I take the view that she should be stopped as soon as
possible... 我认为应该尽快阻止她。
My own view is absolutely clear. What I did was right...
我自己的观点非常清楚。我做的事是正确的。
For More
2. VERB 动词考虑;看待 If you view something in a
particular way, you think of it in that way.
First-generation Americans view the United States as a
land of golden opportunity... 第一代美国人认为美国是
一个充满了机遇的国度。
3. 名词景观;景色;风景;(尤指）美景 The view from a
window or high place is everything which can be
seen from that place, especially when it is considered
to be beautiful.
The view from our window was one of beautiful green
countryside... 从我们的窗口能看见一片美丽的绿色田
园风光。
End
短语 帮助…做事;借钱给… If you help someone out, you
help them by doing some work for them or by lending
them some money.
I help out with the secretarial work... 我帮着做些秘书工
作。
All these presents came to more money than I had, and
my mother had to help me out... 我的钱不够买所有这
些礼物，我母亲只好借了我一些钱。
He thought you‘d been brought in from Toronto to help
out the local police. 他认为你是从多伦多调过来协助
当地警方工作的。
Para. 6 国王学校的提姆霍克斯是位作家，著有
一本名为《男孩，哦，男孩》的书。他还身兼联
邦政府有关男孩教育的顾问。他不赞成将一些诸
如铺床，割草或帮忙收拾餐具的行为视为家庭作
业的内容。
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
新发展英语（一）
第一百一十四讲
授课教师：曹瑜
Text Study
Para. 8 On “ Students should not be expecting an
award for doing that which a responsible student
should be doing anyway,” he says. “ I believe
there is a place for homework and indeed, if we
should fail to set it, I rather suspect a student’s
life would not be filled with all these wonderful
ideas that have been suggested, and it would
probably turn our children even more into couch
potatoes, lounge lizards, or items of decoration
for the local shopping center.
1. N-COUNT 可数名词奖；奖品；奖状 An award is a
prize or certificate that a person is given for doing
something well.
...the Booker prize, Britain's top award for fiction... 布克
奖，英国小说界的最高荣誉
She presented a bravery award to schoolgirl Caroline
Tucker. 她向女学生卡罗琳·塔克颁发了英勇奖状。
For More
2. VERB 动词授予;颁发; If someone is awarded
something such as a prize or an examination mark, it
is given to them.
She was awarded the prize for both films... 她的两部电
影双双获奖。
For his dedication the Mayor awarded him a medal of
merit. 为表彰他的奉献精神，市长授予他荣誉奖章。
End
Academy Award <美>奥斯卡奖（美国电影艺术金像奖）
Oscar
an annual award by the Academy of Motion Picture
Arts and Sciences for achievements in motion picture
production and performance
The movie was nominated for an Oscar. 这部电影获奥斯
卡金像奖提名。
The prize is often an indicator of future Academy Award
nominations. 它通常是获得未来的奥斯卡提名的前奏。
For More
1. 形容词 负有责任的;应承担责任的 If someone or
something is responsible for a particular event or
situation, they are the cause of it or they can be
blamed for it.
He still felt responsible for her death... 他仍然觉得自己
对她的死负有责任。
2. 形容词 对(某事物)负责的 If you are responsible for
something, it is your job or duty to deal with it and
make decisions relating to it.
...the minister responsible for the environment... 负责环
境工作的部长
For More
3. 形容词 负责的;有责任心的;可靠的 Responsible people
behave properly and sensibly, without needing to be
supervised.
He's a very responsible sort of person... 他是个非常有责
任心的人。
He feels that the media should be more responsible in
what they report. 他觉得媒体应该对报道的内容更负
责任些。
5. 形容词责任重大的
I work in a government office. It's a responsible position,
I suppose, but not very exciting... 我在政府机关工作。
我想那是一个责任重大的职位，但并不是很有意思。
End
1. VERB 动词猜想;觉得 You use suspect when you are
stating something that you believe is probably true, in
order to make it sound less strong or direct.
I suspect they were right... 我感觉他们是对的。
2. 怀疑;疑心 If you suspect that something dishonest or
unpleasant has been done, you believe that it has
probably been done. If you suspect someone of
doing an action of this kind, you believe that they
probably did it.
Police said they suspected that Sophie had accomplices
who are drug smugglers... 警方说他们怀疑索菲还有
一些走私毒品的同伙。
End
3. N-COUNT 可数名词嫌疑犯;可疑分子 A suspect is a
person who the police or authorities think may be
guilty of a crime.
Police have arrested a suspect in a series of killings and
sexual assaults in the city. 警察已经逮捕了一名涉嫌
在该市犯下一系列杀人及强奸案的嫌疑犯。
4. 形容词不可靠的;不可信的;可能有假的;可疑的 Suspect
things or people are ones that you think may be
dangerous or may be less good or genuine than they
appear.
Delegates evacuated the building when a suspect
package was found... 发现可疑包裹后，代表们撤离
了这座楼。
End
1. a man who idles about in the lounges of hotels and
bars in search of women who would support him
n. 喜欢在社交圈厮混追逐女人的男人
lounge
n. 休息厅；客厅；（机场等的）等候室
vi. 闲逛；懒洋洋地躺 vt. 懒洋洋地打发（时间）；虚度光
阴
They ate and drank and lounged in the shade... 他们在阴
凉处吃吃喝喝懒懒地闲坐着。
1. 名词(系列物品或清单中的)一件 An item is one of a
collection or list of objects.
The most valuable item on show will be a Picasso
drawing... 展览会上最贵重的展品是毕加索的一幅素描。
2. 名词项目;条目;条款 An item is one of a list of things
for someone to do, deal with, or talk about.
The other item on the agenda is the tour. 日程中的另一
项是旅游。
3. 名词 一篇报道(或文章);(新闻等的)一条,一则
There was an item in the paper about him. 报纸上有一条
关于他的报道。
1. 不可数名词(室内的)装饰，装潢 The decoration of a
room is its furniture, wallpaper, and ornaments.
The decoration and furnishings had to be practical
enough for a family home... 房子的装潢和家具都必须
很实用，适合家居生活。
With its simple decoration, the main bedroom is a
peaceful haven. 主卧室装饰简单，像一处宁静的港湾。
End
2. 名词装饰（的特定方面） Decorations are features
that are added to something in order to make it look
more attractive.
The only wall decorations are candles and a single
mirror... 墙上唯一的装饰是几支蜡烛和一面镜子。
The planting of winter and spring-flowering bulbs will
supply colorful decoration at a time when most
gardens are looking fairly desolate.
栽种冬春季节开花的鳞茎植物可以在大多数花园看上去
还比较萧索的时候提供多彩的装点。
End
Para. 8 在 “学生们如果做了有责任心的学生应
该做的事情，就不应该指望得到奖赏。”他说：
“我认为家庭作业有它存在的必要。事实上，
如果我们确实不布置家庭作业，我担心，学生
未必就会做人们所建议的那些有异议的活动，
相反这可能把我们的孩子变成电视迷，大懒虫，
或是当地购物中心的常客。”
Text Study
Para. 8 On “ Students should not be expecting an
award for doing that which a responsible student
should be doing anyway,” he says. “ I believe
there is a place for homework and indeed, if we
should fail to set it, I rather suspect a student’s
life would not be filled with all these wonderful
ideas that have been suggested, and it would
probably turn our children even more into couch
potatoes, lounge lizards, or items of decoration
for the local shopping center.
Para. 8 在 “学生们如果做了有责任心的学生应
该做的事情，就不应该指望得到奖赏。”他说：
“我认为家庭作业有它存在的必要。事实上，
如果我们确实不布置家庭作业，我担心，学生
未必就会做人们所建议的那些有异议的活动，
相反这可能把我们的孩子变成电视迷，大懒虫，
或是当地购物中心的常客。”
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
新发展英语（一）
第一百一十五讲
授课教师：曹瑜
Text Study
Para. 9 On Kevin Donnelly, who taught in school
for 14 years, agrees it is important for families to
play Scrabble, go for a walk and play sport, but
yes, “I believe homework is something kid should
do. I am not saying you do either/or. I’m saying,
‘Why not do both?’”
adv. 不是…就是…，…或…，要么…要么…
1. We fight, or we don't, it's an either-or decision. 我们要
么打， 要么不打， 非此即彼，没有别的出路。
2. His yawns suggested he was either tired or bored. 他
呵欠连天说明他不是疲倦，就是厌倦。
3. Either dye or paints are used to color cloth. 不论是染
料还是颜料都是用来染布的。
何不…?
You need a break. Why not take a fortnight off from
work? 你需要休息，为什么不休假两周呢？
Why not get a diviner to expound my dream? 为什么不
去叫一个占卜者来解释我的梦呢？
Why not call on me tomorrow? 你干吗不明天就来看我呢？
Why not set the table forward? 为什么不把桌子向前移动
一点呢？
1. 动词乱扒;乱摸;(尤指在看不见时)摸索着寻找 If you
scrabble for something, especially something that
you cannot see, you move your hands or your feet
about quickly and hurriedly in order to find it.
He grabbed his jacket and scrabbled in his desk drawer
for some loose change... 他抓起夹克，然后在书桌的
抽屉里乱翻了一些零钱。
For More
Scrabble around or scrabble about means the same as
scrabble
Alberg scrabbled around for pen and paper...
阿尔伯格四处翻找笔和纸。
For More
2. 动词急于;苦求 If you say that someone is scrabbling
to do something, you mean that they are having
difficulty because they are in too much of a hurry, or
because the task is almost impossible.
The banks are now desperately scrabbling to recover
their costs... 那些银行正在拼命急于收回成本。
For More
Scrabble是西方流行的英语文字图版游戏，在一块
15×15方格的图版上，2至4名参加者拼出词汇而得分。
词汇以填字游戏的方式横竖列出，并必须收录在普通
词典里。
不同字母有不同分数，是根据在标准书写英语中出现频
率订定，如经常出现的E和O只值1分，但不常用的Q
和Z则值10分。图版上有不同颜色的格子，参加者可
从中获得额外分数。
一个游戏版，一百个游戏字卡，四个字卡尺和字卡袋
一个。
For More
Para. 9 “教龄已有14年的凯文唐纳利赞玩玩拼
字游戏，外出散步，做做运动，这些对家庭非常
重要。但是他说：”我认为孩子们也应当做做家
庭作业。我并不是说你要两者选择其一。我的意
思是: ‘为什么不两者兼顾呢？’”
继续教育学院
School of Continuing Education, Jilin University
新发展英语（一）
第八十一讲
授课教师：曹瑜