Transcript Document

Unit 8:
From a Primitive Tribe to a Global
Village
Aims and Demands:
• have an overall picture of the history of
human communication
• have a good understanding of the effects
of the development of technology has on
communication
• compare human communication with animal
communication
• communicate
by
using
some
hi-tech
language
• be more adaptable in our global village
Activity 1:
Primitive Forms of communication
Some words and expressions:(导读P. 131-133)
• Pleistocene [ 地 ] 更 新 世 , 洪 积 世 Of, belonging to, or
designating the geologic time, rock series, and sedimentary
deposits of the earlier of the two epochs of the Quaternary
Period, characterized by the alternate appearance and
recession of northern glaciation and the appearance of the
progenitors of human beings.
• simultaneously 同时地
• voiced speech sound 浊语言声
• steppes 特指西伯利亚一带没有树木的大草原
• bustard 大鸨
bill鸟嘴
• herring-gull大海鸥
• vertical line 垂直线
• preen: to smooth or clean (feathers) with the beak or bill.
用嘴整理用嘴或喙平整或清理（羽毛）
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honeycomb蜂房, 蜂巢,
waggle dance摇摆舞
figure of eight 溜冰8字花式
pollen and nectar 花粉和花蜜
emancipate 释放
transcend：to pass beyond the limits of:
etymological 语源的
papyrus 纸草, 草制成之纸
at large: At length; copiously.详细地；大量地
semaphore旗语
electromagnet 电磁石
Read the passages and answer the questions
• 1 . What are the ways that our human ancestors
possibly communicated? P. 325
• ----have a better understanding of animal behavior
simple creature to perform complicated
tasks—weave a web,build a nest, sing a song,
find a home, capture food, seek dominance,
compete for a sexual partner, …
• ----study the three anecdotes and understand the
sense of those activities. P. 328
• 2. How do the baby herring gulls let
their parents know that they are hungry?
• 3. How can baby herring gulls recognize
their parents? P. 329
• 4. In what way is a human baby like a
baby herring gull?
• 5. How does mandarin drake tell mandarin
duck that he is in love?
• 6. Can you describe the way working bees
communicate with one another about the honey
location?
• ---Read the passage on P. 330 and answer the Qs
on P. 332
• ---Do panel discussion about self-sacrifice and
altruism in animals and complete the summary on
P. 335
Key points
• is on animal values
• reports his study of bees’ altruistic behavior in the
beehive, bee workers labor unceasingly in the hive for
three weeks after they emerge. Then they forage outside for
food until they wear out 2 or 3 weeks later. Yet these bee
workers, sadly enough, leave no offspring
• a perfect instance of self-sacrifice
• chimpanzees
• the apparent altruism in chimpanzees is sometimes actually
part of a mutual-aid system
• kin selection
• human language learning
• human behavior may be more of a piece with animal
behavior than was hitherto imagined
• are from the English corner/are invited to audit the
panel discussion
• bee workers’self-sacrifice is similar to the selfsacrifice our man parents show to their children.
• human parents sacrifice themselves to their
offspring, whereas bee workers have no offspring.
They sacrifice themselves to the bee community
• the self-sacrifice our human parents show to their
children and the altruism shown by chimpanzees
• that the self-sacrifice our human parents is of better
quality. Our parents show their love to their
offspring without expecting any return whereas
Chimpanzees reject those who accept favors
without paying them back
Activity 2: The Extension of Man
• ---What is the First Extension of Man?
people communicate by writing, (paper, printing)
• ---What are the advantages of communication through
writing according to the text? P.339
• ---What is the earliest book like? Bamboo slates
• ---How does printing come into being? P. 341
Han dynasty invented the printing technique
• ---What are the advantages of paper book compared with bamboo
slates book? P. 342
• ---What is called a relay system of communication? P. 343
• ---What are the disadvantages of it?
Slow , insecure
• ---Please do the three tasks on P. 343
• ---What is symbol of the second extension of man? P. 345
Telecommunication:
• have a good understanding of the passage and do
task on P. 348 and better do the translation
• read the passage on P. 349 and translate it into
Chinese, especially some technical terms
• understand radio receiver and television receiver
manual P. 351 and 356
• What is the third extension of man ?
• How much do you know about the technical terms for
each part of the computer?
• How can we communicate with people all over the
world through computer network?
Activity 3: Group discussion
• How can we manage to live in a
global village?
• Be aware of overseas influence,
understand their culture, respect
diversity
Extra Reading
• When shown photographs of actors, people from
diverse cultures around the world can universally agree
on which emotions are expressed on their faces.
• But a new study suggests Asian people tend to
downplay 不予重视 the intensity of some emotions. For
instance, they may describe someone as merely “sad”
when others say the person is “distraught” or “ griefstricken”
• “We don’t know if this means Asians don’t express
emotions strongly or don’t recognize them as strongly,”
said psychologist Paul Kerman, a professor at the
University of California in San Francisco who
conducted the study.
• Fifty years ago, researchers thought each culture had
distinctly different emotions and ways of expressing
them. But a battery of studies since then has indicated
there are seven known categories of emotion and they
are universal. The emotions --happiness, surprise, fear,
anger, sadness, disgust and contempt --- are
recognized by people everywhere. Researchers have
yet to find an emotion in one culture that is not shared
by every other.
• In his first batch of studies, Kerman showed 18
photographs of people expressing six emotions to
college students in the Soviet Union, Europe, Greece,
Hong Kong, Japan, Indonesia, Turkey and the United
States.
• Kerman said in a telephone interview that people from all
cultures not only were able to identify the primary emotions on
the actors’ faces, but could universally pick up secondary
emotions as well.
• “A fearful face may seem sad also, or somewhat surprised,” he
said. “They were all able to pick up on these secondary cues.”
• All of the study subjects were also able to identify which faces
were expressing emotion more strongly than others. “Every
culture agrees on the relative strength of an emotion, this one is
angrier than that one and so on,” Kerman said.
• But the researcher said he was surprised when the Japanese,
Chinese and Indonesian consistently described some emotions--specially fear, anger and sadness ---- as less intense than people
did from other cultures.
• “We thought maybe they were just being polite since the
photographs were of Caucasians only,” he said. “Perhaps they
thought it impolite to say a foreigner was very mad.”
• So earlier this year, Kerman and his colleagues took a new set of
photographs of American and Japanese actors and showed them
to American and Japanese research subjects.
• Again, the Japanese consistently downplayed the intensity of the
actors expressing fear, anger and sadness.
• “They did it for the Caucasian faces and the Japanese faces. It
did’t make a difference,”he said. “The Americans also didn’t see
a difference between the American and the Japanese, male or
female.”
• Kerman said further research might uncover the reason Asians
see emotions as less intense than people do from all other known
cultures.
Questions
• 1) What is the main idea of the passage?
• 2) What is the difference between Asian
people and people from other cultures when
they express their emotions?
• 3) What were Kerman’s basic findings?
II. Translate the following paragraphs.
• The term “cross-cultural” or intercultural usually refers to the
meeting of two cultures or two languages across the political
boundaries of nation-states. They are predicted on the equivalence
of one nation-one culture-one language, and on the expectation
that a “culture shock” may take place upon crossing national
boundaries.…
• The term intercultural may also refer to communication between
people from different ethnic, social, gendered cultures within the
boundaries of the same national language. …
• The term multicultural is more frequently used in two ways. In a
societal sense, it indicates the coexistence of people from many
different backgrounds and ethnicities, as in “multicultural
societies”…
Passage 2
• New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk.
It’s now a “global village” where countries are only seconds away be fax
or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this
high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign
language skills.
• Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern
businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of
doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often helps
support domestic business efforts.
• Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to
advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another
country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out of mind.” He or
she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company’s plan for
success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment
abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas,
superior will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in
the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language
issues are becoming more and more prevalent (普遍的).
• Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications
devices with business applications, even small businesses in
the United States are able to get into international markets.
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• English is still the international language of business. But there
is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another
language. A second language isn’t generally required to get a
job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate
the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.
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• The employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s
principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain
negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it
is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home
office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the
telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.
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1 . What is the author’s attitude toward high-tech communications
equipment?
A) Critical.
B) Indifferent.
C) Prejudiced.
D) Positive.
2. With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment,
businesspeople .
A) have to get familiar with modern technology
B) are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operations
C) are attaching more importance to their overseas business
D) are eager to work overseas
3. In this passage, “out of sight and out of mind” (Lines 2-3, Para. 3)
probably means .
A) being unable to think properly for lack of insight
B) being totally out of touch with business at home
C) missing opportunities for promotion when abroad
D) leaving all care and worry behind
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4.According to the passage, what is an important consideration of
international corporations in employing people today?
A) Connections with businesses overseas.
B) Ability to speak the client’s language.
C) Technical know-how.
D) Business experience.
5.The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that
they and .
A) better control the whole negotiation process
B) easily find new approaches to met market needs
C) fast-forward their proposals to headquarters
easily make friends with businesspeople abroad
1-5 DCCBA
• May you succeed in your final exam! Bye for
Now!