Transcript Unit 4

Unit 4
Education
Text A
Conversation: Registering at the Local
College
 会话：在当地学校报到

register:登记；注册；(邮件)挂号;
register a birth
登记出生.
register a letter (get a letter registered)
寄挂号信 (a registered letter 一封挂号信）
register (oneself) with the police 在警
察局登记
报考某个大学 to register for the entrance
examination to…..university
 local:


local 地方的，本地的，当地的;
local authority (市，县，区等)地方当局.
local customs 地方风俗习惯.
a local government 地方政府.
local news 本地新闻.
local protectionism 地方保护主义
We feel confident that our experience and
local knowledge will enable us to give you
entire satisfaction, whenever you may
require our services. 我们自信,基于我们的经
验与熟悉本地,必能为您提供满意的服务。

The first thing Ann
needs to do in the
university is register
after she arrives, but
she has some
problems with it.
Rita, her roommates,
is helping her out.

The first thing Ann needs to do in the university
is register after she arrives…


定语从句：省略从句中充当宾语的连接词that
is register … be动词后面不能用动词原形，此处register为省略
to的动词不定式。即：由 all， what 引导的主语从句或者主语被
only, first, one, least 或形容词最高级修饰，而且从句中含有
do时，其表语如果是动词不定式，则往往省去to。
All I did was empty the bottle.
我所做的是倒空这个瓶子。
What I wanted to do was drive all night.
我想做的是彻夜开车。
The only thing I could do was do it myself 。
我惟一能做的是我自己解决。
动词不定式省略to

非谓语动词历来是考试中的重点，不定式结构在考点中常
占很大比重。除这一点外，省略to的情况还有：

感官动词和使役动词在主动语态中不需要带to，即我们常说的
“一觉二听三让五看”：feel, listen to 、hear ,let、make、
have, see、watch、notice、observe、look at.
He noticed Tom take a branch of flowers in his hand.
他注意到汤姆手中拿着一束鲜花。
The teacher has us write a composition every week.
老师要我们每周写一篇文章。
注：除let 外其他在变成被动语态时要加上to。
The person was seen to enter the shop by us .
我们看见那个人进了那家商店。

常用的结构 may well do，may as well do (还是…
好了)及but或except后接不定式时，如果它们前面有do
便可省略to，其结构为can not do but…，can not
help but…等句型，
We might as well put up here for tonight.
我们不妨今晚就在这儿过夜。
She can do nothing but/except sing.
她除了唱歌什么也没做。
There is nothing he could do but play all day long。
他除了整天玩，别无它事可做。

不定式做help后的宾语补足语或宾语时，可带to
也可不带。
Can I help（to） carry it for you?
我可以帮你搬吗？
I helped him（to） mend the bike.
我帮助他修理自行车

在had better，would rather，rather than之
后省略to。
You'd better not tell him the news .
你最好不把这个消息告诉他。
Rather than wait for anyone, I decided to
go home by taxi.
我决定乘出租车回家而不愿等候任何人。

由并列连词and，except, but, than, or 连接两
个以上的具有相同意义或功能的不定式时，第二
个动词不定式不带to。
I’d like to stay with you, help you and
learn from you.
我想留下和你一起呆着，帮助你并且向你学
习。
She told us to stay at home and wait till
she came back.
她告诉我们呆在家里一直等到她回来。

注：如果两个不定式表示对照或对比时，则不能
省略to.
To try and fail is better than not to try at
all.
尝试而失败也比不尝试好。
He hasn′t decided whether to quit or to
stay.
他还没有决定是去还是留。
To be or not to be, that is a question.
是生存还是死亡，这是一个问题。

Why或Why not 开头表请求的结构中常跟上动
词原形,省略to。
Why not go out for a walk ?
为什么不出去散散步呢？

通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等
词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。例如：
He is supposed （to be） nice. 他应该是个
好人。
例题：

You had better ______ your hair cut.
A. had B. have C to get D to have

He ______ live in the country than in the
city.
A. prefers B. likes to
C. had better D. would rather

Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He
always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D.
learning

He wants to believe anything but___ the
medicine.
A. to take
B. takes C. take
D. takes

… but she has some problems with it
have some problems/ have a problem with … 遇到困难，
有问题
e.g.
Every country may have some problems with funny
money. 每个国家都有一些伪钞的问题。
She must have a lot of problems with the
language. 她在语言上一定有很多困难。
We have a problem with our living arrangements. 我
们的住房安排有点问题． When you know you have a
problem with stress, try to solve it one step at a
time. 当你知道你有压力时，一步一步地解决。


Rita, her roommates, is helping her out.


help out: 帮助...摆脱困难，排忧解难
My father helped me out when I lost my job.
我失业时我父亲帮我摆脱困难。
He's always willing to help out when we're
short of staff. 我们职员人手不足时, 他总是急人之难.
help to：提高，促进
It will help to improve your speaking. 这会帮
助提高你的口语能力。
His testimony would help to clear up any
doubt. 他的证明有助于澄清所有疑团。
翻译

The first thing Ann needs to do in the
university is register after she arrives, but
she has some problems with it. Rita, her
roommates, is helping her out.

抵达后，安入读大学要做的
第一件事就是报到，但是她
有些问题。她的室友丽塔在
帮她。
Rita: Ann, you look upset. What’s up?
Anything I can help you with?
 Ann: The invitation letter says I should
register after I arrive, but I can’t find how.


you look upset

upset: vt. 使心乱，使苦恼
The news quite upset him.
这消息使他心烦意乱.
She is easily upset emotionally.
她的心情容易烦乱.
conversation skill

What’s up?
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
What’s up?和“How are you doing?” “How‘s it
going?”以及“What’s new?”……，都是美国人常说
的寒暄语，相当于what‘s going on?/what are you
up to? 问对方忙什么/怎么样。 一般用于熟人朋友见
面问候语。回答若有事，则直接说明；若无事，可以
说Nothing或Not much.
还有一种情况也很常见，就是对方也回答了一句
“What‘s up?”。在这种情况下，“What’s up”几乎
相当于“Hello”。
What's up?"也常被用来问人家有什么事，比如别人
登门拜访，你就可以用，意为“有何贵干哪”。
conversation skill

Anything I can help you with? 用于提供
帮助，即 offering help。其他例子：

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
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A: Is there anything I can do?
B: Thanks, but I can manage.
A: Well, let me know if I can be of any
help.
B: Thank you for your kindness.
offering help






A: Shall I carry your baggage to your room?
B: Yes, please.
A: I'd like to recommend a good dentist.
B: Thanks. Who do you recommend?
A: Do you need help?
B: Would you mind putting my bag up on the
rack?

The invitation letter says I should register
after I arrive, but I can’t find how.




invitation letter 邀请信
invitation: n. 邀请
should 情态动词, 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思，可
用于各种人称。
---Ought he to go?
---Yes. I think he ought to.
表示要求，命令时，语气由 should（应该）、
had better最好）、must（必须）渐强。
but I can’t find how省略句，省略与前句相同的部分，
即to register.
翻译
Rita: Ann, you look upset. What’s up?
Anything I can help you with?
 Ann: The invitation letter says I should
register after I arrive, but I can’t find how.
 丽塔：安，你看起来有些烦躁。怎么了？我能帮
上忙吗？
 安：邀请信上说我到达后要去报到，可我找不到
如何报到的说明。


Rita: OK, let me tell you what you
need to do. You should first go to the
International Student Center to inform
them of your arrival. Then register at the
Information Center and get your ID card
and PIN number.
let me tell you what you need to do
 let sb. do sth. 中do为动词不定式省略to
 本句中tell后面双宾语：you和宾语从句what
you need to do
 You should first … then…



first… then… 用于描述顺序(sequence)。
more expressions for sequence
Sequence

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

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
Firstly
The first step is…
First of all
The first stage is
To begin with,
... begins with
Initially
... commences with
Beforehand









Before this
Previously
Prior to this
Earlier
At the same time,
During
Simultaneously
When this happens
While
sequence









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Secondly, Thirdly etc
After this,
Next,
The next step is
Then,
In the next stage
Subsequently
In the following stage,
Later
Following this







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As soon as the
committee has
finished its work, ...
Eventually,
... until ...
Lastly
... finishes with ...
Finally,
concludes with
In the last stage,
The last step is ...
the International Student Center：留学生中
心(responsible for students from other
countries)
 inform them of your arrival

inform:通知；告诉；向…报告;
inform oneself of (由调查中)知道
inform sb of sth 把某事通知某人
be well informed about sth 对某事消息灵通
You will be informed of the details at the
appropriate time. 在适当的时候将把详情告诉你
the Information Center 信息中心
 ID card 身份证
student ID card
学生证
 PIN number

翻译
Rita: OK, let me tell you what you
need to do. You should first go to the
International Student Center to inform
them of your arrival. Then register at the
Information Center and get your ID card
and PIN number.
 丽塔：好，我来告诉你需要做什么。你应该先去
国际学生中心告知他们你已经到达。然后到信息
中心报到获取你的学生证和PIN码。



Ann: What’s PIN number?
Rita: It’s your Personal
Identification Number.
Everyone in the
university has one. With
it, you can use all the
online resources on and
off campus.

Personal Identification Number 个人身份识
别码

personal：adj. 个人的
a personal letter 私人信件.
my personal affairs 我的私事
personal history 履历
a personal opinion 个人意见

identification：身份的证明
an identification card 身份证
He used a letter of introduction as
identification.
他用一封介绍信作为身份的证明.

identify: v. 识别，认出 e.g.
identify the voice 声音辨认；
identify oneself vi.证实自己的身份

With it, you can use all the online
resources on and off campus.


it: pron. 代替前面的名词PIN number
online resources 在线资源


online：在线的 ~ help 在线帮助 ~shopping 在线购物
resource：[常用复数]资源；物力；财力;
resources in coal and iron
煤铁的资源.
develop natural resources
开发自然资源.
a country rich in resources
资源丰富的国家.
翻译




Ann: What’s PIN number?
Rita: It’s your Personal
Identification Number. Everyone in
the university has one. With it,
you can use all the online
resources on and off campus.
安：什么是 PIN 码？
丽塔：是你的个人身份识别码。学校里
人人都有个代码。有这个代码，你就可
以利用校内外所有的在线资源。
Ann: I just need to punch it in,
and then I can enter the
numbers of the courses I want,
right?
 Rita: You got it.
 Ann: What about the library?
What do I need to do to use
the library?


I just need to punch it in…



punch: To depress (a key or button, for
example) in order to activate a device or
perform an operation:为了使某一装置运行或完成
某项工作而按（例如，键或按纽）：
punch the “repeat” key 按下“重复”键
punch in the number on the computer. 按下计
算器上的数字

You got it. 你知道了。你办到了。例如：
You got it. That‘s the way it is. 你知道啦。就是
这么回事。
Wrong, but you almost got it. Guess again.
错，不过几乎猜对了。再猜一次。
翻译
Ann: I just need to punch it in, and then I
can enter the numbers of the courses I
want, right?
 Rita: You got it.
 Ann: What about the library? What do I
need to do to use the library?
 安：我只需输入这个代码，然后输入我想修读的
课程号码，对吗？
 丽塔：没错。
 安：那图书馆呢？要想用图书馆我需要做什么？


Rita: First, you should go to the reception
room. The staff will give you a form to fill
out, which must be signed by your host
department. After you return the
completed form, you should be able to
check the library
resources and
borrow books
with you ID card.

First, you should go to the reception room.


reception room 接待处
reception n.接待，接见，欢迎;
the reception of the guests
接待(接见)客人.
meet with a warm reception
受到热烈欢迎.
The new book had a favourable reception.
这本书很受欢迎.

The staff will give you a form to fill out, which
must be signed by your host department.
 staff: n. （全体)工作人员；(全体)职员;
the teaching staff of a school
学校的全体教师.
the medical staff (of a hospital)
(医院的)医务人员.
the editorial staff
编辑部.
a member of the staff = a staff member
一个职员.



fill out a form 填表
sign v.签署，签字于
sign a treaty (contract， letter) 在条约(合同、信)
上签字.
sign one’s name to a check 在支票上签字
host department：自己所在院系
host：主人，东道主;
act as host at a dinner party 作宴会的东道主.
the host country for the Olympic Games 奥运
会东道国.
Each of them lives with a Chinese host family.
这些学生住在中国的接待家庭中。


…,which must be signed… 非限制性定语从句
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句
是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明
确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了
也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分
开，例如：
This is the house which we bought last
month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制
性）
The house, which we bought last month,
is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。
（非限制性）

当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其
后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher,
retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我
的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got
a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的
花园。
This novel, which I have read three times,
is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行
修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I
meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的
意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is
called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定
语从句。
例题
 Friendship is needed by all, _____ plays
an important role in people’s lives.
A. which B. that C. who D. it
 Teachers, _____ work is rather hard, are
being better paid than before.
A. who B. that C. which D. whose


Is this the reason _____ at the meeting
for his carelessness in his work ?
A. he explained
B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained

Uncle Li _____ I worked three years ago
has retired now.
A. who
B. whom
C. with whom
D. to whom

After you return the completed form, you
should be able to check the library
resources and borrow books with you ID
card.

the completed form:过去分词作定语，与其修饰的
词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
Most of the people invited to the party were
famous scientists.
Most of the artists invited to the party were
from South Africa.
例题
 The first textbook ___ for teaching
English as a foreign language came out in
the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written
C. being written D. written
 What‘s the language ____ in Germany?
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. be spoken
D. to speak

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be able to 能够
able: adj. 有能力的，显示出才干的 e.g.
an able man 能干的人；能者
an able speech 一篇精辟的演说
The President had to quit his job for he wasn‘t
able to deal with the crisis. 总统因为不能处理这
起危机,只好辞职。
His letter was to the effect that he wouldn’t be
able to come back till next spring. 他的信的大意
是说他明年春天才能回来。
翻译
Rita: First, you should go to the reception
room. The staff will give you a form to fill
out, which must be signed by your host
department. After you return the
completed form, you should be able to
check the library resources and borrow
books with you ID card.
 丽塔：首先，你要去接待处，那里的员工会给你
一个表格填，该表格须由你所在院系签字。等交
回填好的表格后，你就能用自己的学生证查询图
书馆资源并且借书了。

Ann: So easy? Must I pay for these
services?
 Rita: Not at all. In fact, with the ID card,
you can even take buses in the town free
of charge. That’s the university welfare.
 Ann: That’s great! Thank you so much
for helping me out of this.


Must I pay for these services?
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must 情态动词，表示“必须”
He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须
努力工作。
You mustn’t tell him about this. 你一定不要把这
件事告诉他。
一般疑问句的回答：
--Must I return the book in 2 weeks?
-- Yes, you must. /No, you needn’t.
 must可以表示推测

must表示推测


1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一
定”。
2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，
must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.
你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）
He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工
作呢。
比较：
He must be staying there. 他现在肯定呆在那里。
He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。


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3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成
式。
I didn‘t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.
我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。
4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后
面要接完成进行式。
---Why didn't you answer my phone call?
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I
didn't hear it.
5) 否定推测用can't。
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he
can't be home yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此
时一定还未到家。

In fact, with the ID card, you can even take
buses in the town free of charge.




free of charge: 免费
charge：n. 费用，价钱；应付项目
hotel charge 旅馆费.
a charge for trouble 手续费.
at one`s own charge 自费.
Your charges are too high. 你要的价钱太贵了.
This firm provided a back-up service free of
charge. 这家公司免费提供售后服务。
The food on board is free of charge. 飞机上的食品是免费
供应的。

That’s the university welfare.

welfare: n. 康乐；福利;
public welfare 社会福利.
national welfare and people’s livelihood 国计民
生.
be concerned about one’s welfare 关心某人的幸
福.
live (be) on welfare 靠政府救济度日.
a welfare state 福利国家.
welfare work 福利事业

That’s great! Thank you so much for
helping me out of this.





showing thanks: Thanks for (doing) sth.
Many thanks for the hospitality you showed
me. 非常感谢你对我的款待。
Thanks for your information and for being so
helpful. 谢谢你的帮助和提供的讯息。
I would like to express my thanks for all that
you have done. 我想对你所做的一切表示我的感谢
Accept my thanks for your handsome present.
厚赠佳物，特此致谢。






Ann: So easy? Must I pay for these services?
Rita: Not at all. In fact, with the ID card, you
can even take buses in the town free of charge.
That’s the university welfare.
Ann: That’s great! Thank you so much for
helping me out of this.
安：这么简单？我得为这些服务付费吗？
丽塔：不需要。实际上，有那张学生证，你甚至还可以免
费乘坐市内公交车。这是学校提供的福利。
安：太好了！多谢你帮我弄清楚这些问题。
Idiomatic study: Offering Help
In a formal situation:
 I’d be glad/ happy to help you…
 Is there anything I can do to help?
 May I help you?
In an informal situation:
 (Do you) need any help?
 (Do you) want a hand?
 Let me help you__________.
 What can I do to help?
Responding to an offer:
 If you don’t mind.
 If it’s no trouble.
 That would be great.
 I really appreciate it.
 No, thanks. I can manage by myself.
Text B

Nine-year Compulsory Education in
China
中国的九年制义务教育

compulsory: adj. 规定要执
行的，带有强制性的，义务的;
compulsory education
义务教育.
Is military service
compulsory in your
country?
你们国家服兵役是义务性的吗?
Which subjects are
compulsory in your
department?
你们系哪些科目是必修的?

The law of compulsory education in China
came into effect on July 1, 1986, requiring
each child to have nine years of formal
education. China’s nine-year compulsory
education is composed of two parts: six
years in primary school and three years in
junior middle school.
Language Study

The law of compulsory education in China
came into effect on July 1, 1986, requiring
each child to have nine years of formal
education.



law of compulsory education 义务教育法
come into effect 生效，被实施
例句：The new tax regulations came into effect
last month.
新税法是上个月生效的。
The contract will come into effect as soon as
it is signed. 这项合同一经签署即开始生效。
requiring … 现在分词作状语
其他例句：
表伴随：The children ran out of the room,
laughing and talking merrily.
表原因：Seeing nobody at home, she decided to
leave them a note.
表结果：The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus
causing the delay.

表时间：On arriving in London, he managed to
get in touch with her.
表条件：Turning to the left, you will find the path
leading to the site.
注意：
 1） 分词表示的必须是主语发出的动作；
 2） 分词表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态
是同时发生的；
 3） 分词表示的是次要的动作，对谓语动词所表示的
动作或状态加以补充说明；
 4） 表示时间关系的连接短语有时还可以由连接词
while或when引导。
require v. to need or make necessary 要求，需要
 require sth.
需要某物
certain failures will require immediate
attention. 有些故障需要立即引起注意。
 require doing= require to be done
需要做
The budgets of several departments will
require cutting. 好几个部门的预算都要削减。



require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
The committee required him to examine the
accident and submit a report. 委员会要求他对事
故进行调查并提交报告。
require sth. of sb.
要求某人某物
I‘ll do whatever is required of me. 要我干的我一
定做到。
require that sb. （should） do
要求或命令某
人
It is required that you arrive at 8 am.
要求你上午8点钟到达.

formal education 正式教育，学校教育

formal: 正式的；礼仪上的；合法的;
pay a formal call on
对…礼节上的访问.
A contract is a formal agreement.
合同就是一种合法的协议.

China’s nine-year compulsory education is
composed of two parts: six years in
primary school and three years in junior
middle school.
be composed of 由……组成 （=be made up of）
e.g.
The sea is mainly composed of water and salt.
海洋主要由水和盐组成.
Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.
水由氢和氧组成.


primary school:小学 (or: elementary school)


primary: adj.初步的，初级的，初等的；基本的
e.g. a primary election 初选.
We are friends since primary school. 我们从小学就是朋友
了。
junior middle school:初中

junior:等级或职位较低的；资历较浅的;
a junior high school[美]初级中学.
junior members of the staff 低级职员(工作人员).
a junior officer 低级军官

比较：senior前辈的；资格较老的；地位较高的
senior middle school 高中
翻译

中国的义务教务法于1986年7月1日开始生效，
要求每个孩子接受9年的正式教育。中国的九年制
义务教育由两部分组成：六年小学教育和三年初
中教育。

All children reaching the age of six can
enter a primary school. In areas where
junior middle school education is available
to all, all primary school graduates can go
on to junior middle school without
entrance examinations. In China, nine
years of compulsory education is provided
for close to 200 million children.
All children reaching the age of six can
enter a primary school.
 reaching the age of six现在分词作定语


分词作定语。
分词作定语时有下面几个特点：
A.现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含
意。
B.现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态，或己
做完(完成)的事。
分词作定语

例如：He rushed into the burning house.他冲进了
正在燃烧着的房子。
The child standing over there is my brother.站在那
儿的男孩子是我弟弟。
The room facing south is our classroom.朝南的房
间是我们的教室。
Have you got your repaired watch?你拿到那个修好
的表了吗?
He is an advanced teacher.他是个先进教师。
现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；
过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

In areas where junior middle school education is
available to all, all primary school graduates can
go on to junior middle school without entrance
examinations.
 available: adj. 可利用的；合用的，顶用的；可以取
得的;
available ingredients 可用成分.
employ all available means 利用一切可能的办法；
千方百计.
a surplus available for export 可供输出的剩余品.
I’ll send you all the periodicals available. 我将把
我能得到的期刊给你寄去.



graduate: n. 毕业生
My scheme, or dream, is to be a university
graduate. 我的计划，也可以说，我的梦想，就是先
取得大学毕业的资格。
a graduate of Oxford 牛津毕业生
go on to junior middle school：继续上初中，此处
on表示继续
entrance examination：入学考试

entrance: n. 入口
To register for the entrance examination to …
university 报考…..大学
I wonder if Norton ‘s still studying for his entrance
exam. 不知道Norton是不是还在为入学考试而读书?

In China, nine years of compulsory
education is provided for close to 200
million children.



被动语态
provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供= provide sb.
with sth. 或provide sb. sth.
provide food and clothes for one’s family =
provide one’s family with food and clothes
供养家里人衣食，养家活口
close to: 接近 e.g. a state close to hysteria
一种近似歇斯底里症的状态; There are close to 20
students in the classroom. 课堂里有差不多20个
学生。
翻译

所有年满6周岁的儿童可以入读小学。在所有少年
儿童都能接受初中教育的地区，小学毕业生免试
就读初中。在中国，大约2亿的孩童接受9年制义
务教育。

The government plays a
dominant role in school education,
while private social circles play a
supplementary role. Full-time
primary and middle schools run
by the state are the main
providers of primary and middle
school education. At the same
time, private social circles are
encouraged to pool funds to start
and run primary and middle
schools. Schools are open to all
students, with enrollment subject
to area restrictions only.

The government plays a dominant role in school
education, while private social circles play a
supplementary role.

play a … role 发挥……的作用 e.g.
Did birth order play a role in success? 排行顺序对成功
有影响吗？
Does education play an important role in reducing
juvenile delinquents‘ return to crime? 在降低少年犯再犯罪
率上，教育是否发挥重要作用?
Foreign newspapers and magazines say that I play a
role in it. 现在外国报刊都讲我在里边起了一定作用。

dominant: adj. 统治的；占优势的;
the dominant partner of a business
公司中占统治地位的股东.
the dominant partner of a business 公司中举足
轻重的合伙人
have a dominant influence 有决定性的作用
His dominant trait was to take all things into
earnest consideration. 他性格中最主要的特点是对
一切事物都要进行认真思考。

while在句中表示对比或转折，意为“而”“但
是”。 如：




I went swimming while the others played
tennis. 我去游泳，而其余的人则去打网球了。
Air is a fluid but not a liquid, while water is
both a fluid and a liquid. 空气是流体不是液体，水
是流体也是液体。
Some people waste food while others haven’t
enough. 一些人糟踏食物而另一些人却食不果腹。
注：这样用时，while引出的句子通常位于末，但有时
也可位于句首。 如：




While most children learn to read easily, some
need extra help. 大多数儿童学会阅读很容易，有一些
儿童却需要特别帮助。
While some languages have 30 or more different
vowel sounds, others have five or less. 有些语言有
30个或更多的元音，而其他语言只有5个或更少的元音。
例题：In some places women are expected to
earn money _________ men work at home and
raise their children.
A. but B. while
C. because D. though

表示让步，意为“尽管”“虽然”。 如






While the work was difficult, it was interesting. 虽然工作
有难度，但很有趣。
While we don’t agree we continue to be friends. 尽管我们
意见不同，我们还是朋友。
While I did well in class, I was a poor performer at
games. 虽说我学习不错，我运动却不行。
While a few became richer, many did not. 虽然一些人变得
更富有了，但多数人并非如此。
例题：_________ the Internet is of great help, I
don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much
time on it.
A. If B. While C. Because D. As
more about “while”



连接时间状语从句，“当……的时候”
When, while, as连接时间状语从句的比较
这三个连词都可作"当……的时候"解，但它们之间有
一些细微的差别。
1.when(at or during the time that)只表示一般
的时间关系，它既可指时间的一点(a point of time)，
也可指一段时间(a period of time)。用when时，从句
的动作可与主句的动作同时发生，也可先于主句的动作，
因此when用得最多。如：
When the clock struck twelve, all the lights
went out.当时钟敲了十二下，灯全部都熄了。
He raised his hat when he saw her.当他看见她
的时候，频频举帽示敬。

while (during the time that)只能指一段时间，
而不能指时间的一点。用while时，从句的动作或
者与主句的动作同时发生，或者主句的动作是在
从句的动作的进展过程中发生的。因此，从句中
的谓语必须是表示延续性动作或状态的动词。这
是while与when的主要差别。如：
Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。
When we arrived in Beijing, it was
raining. (arrive不是延续性的动词)我们到达北
京时，天正在下雨。

在用when和while连接的从句中，常省略与主句相同的
主语和相应的be，而在as连接的从句中一般则不省略。
如：
Wood gives much smoke while (it is) burning.
木头燃烧时冒出许多烟。
He fell asleep while (he was) studying his
grammar book.他在阅读语法书的时候睡着了。
While in London, he studied music.他在伦敦的
时候，研究音乐。
When (they are) heated, metals expand.金属
受热时膨胀。

when和while还可作并列连词用：when作“那时”，前
面有逗号，不能用while代替；while表示对比，作“而”，
前面常有逗号。
The Queen will visit the town in May, when
she will open the new hospital.女王将于五月访问该
城，届时她将主持一所新医院的开幕式。
Soon the water in the flask will boil, when
you may pour some cold water over it.烧瓶中的水
一会儿就要开了，那时你可把凉水浇在烧瓶上。
Some materials are weldable, while others
are not.一些材料是可焊的，而另一些则是不可焊的。
The enemy rots with every passing day, while
for us things are getting better daily.
敌人一天天烂下去，我们一天天好起来。

as (at the same moment that)往往可与when通用，
但它着重指从句与主句的动作相伴随发生，可译成："一
面……一面"，"随着……"。as用得较多。如：
Kate read the book as she went along.凯特边
走边读书。
As the car moved faster and faster, it gained
more and more kinetic energy.当汽车行驶得越来越
快时，它得到的动能也越来越多。
We took notes as we listened to the lecture.我
们边听课边记笔记。
As it became more common for women to
work outside the house, men began to share the
housework.随着妇女就业普遍了，男职工分担了家务劳
动。

private school circles 私营社会机构


private adj.私营的；私立的；民间的;
a private school 私立学校.
private organizations 民间组织.
circle n.(具有共同志趣的人所形成的)圈子，集团；[复]...界;
have a large circle of friends 交游甚广.
academic (cultural, theatrical) circles 学术(文化，戏剧)
界.
fashionable circles 讲究时髦的人士；(资产阶级)上流社会.

supplementary adj. 辅助的







a reader supplementary to a textbook 教科书的补充
读本
Supplementary Provisions 附则
supplementary explanation 补充说明事项
Supplementary details 备注
There is no supplementary charge; the price is all inclusive . 没有附加费， 一切开支全都包括在内了。
制止乱涨价的配套措施 the supplementary measures
to put an end to arbitrary price hikes
市场经济为主，计划经济为辅 make the market economy
primary and the planned economy supplementary

Full-time primary and middle schools run
by the state are the main providers of
primary and middle school education.

full-time；全日制的 e.g. a full-time job全日制工
作，a full-time librarian全职图书管理员
In her later years she gave herself over to
writing full-time. 她晚年专事写作.

run by the state 由政府管理的


run:组织；经营；管理；使活动；指挥;
run a school 开办学校.
run a business 经营商店.
run extra trains during the rush hours乘客高峰时增开加
班火车.
run a campaign 指挥政治运动.
are the main providers of


main: adj. 主要的 the main body (文件)正文； the
main line（铁路)干线、正线；the main street 正街，大街，
主要街道.
provider: n. 提供者 e.g Government has become a
substantial provider of manufacturing finance. 政府
已变成制造业资金的重要提供者。

At the same time, private social circles are
encouraged to pool funds to start and run
primary and middle schools.

at the same time: 同时 例句：
A man cannot whistle and drink at the same time. 一个
人不能同时又吹口哨又饮酒（谚语：一心不能二用）。
You cannot sneeze (打喷嚏) and keep your eyes open at
the same time 你不能在打喷嚏的同时睁眼睛。
It will cost a lot of money. At the same time, I think we
shall need it. 它需要许多钱。然而,我认为我们将需要它。

encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事



He discovered it enough to encourage him to
speak. 他发现这足以鼓励他开腔了。
A joint venture is encouraged to market its
products outside China . 我们鼓励合资企业在中
国之外的市场上销售其产品。
The reader is encouraged to find this out for
himself. 我们希望读者自己来证实这一点。

pool funds: 筹集资金


pool: v. (为共同目的)合出(资金,物资,想法等);合办,
联营
pool our resources 集中资源
The problem is, you know, how to pool
enough money. 问题是，你知道，如何凑到足够的
钱。
We're going to pool our efforts. Shall we count
you in? 我们准备搭伙干, 你也算上一把手吧。
fund: n. (常用复数）专款；基金;
school funds 学校基金(经费)
a scholarship fund 奖学金基金

Schools are open to all students, with
enrollment subject to area restrictions only.


be open to sb. 对某人开放，易受……
Goods are open to free purchase. 自由采购商
品。
The bar is open to non-residents. 酒吧对外营
业.
be open to misconstruction 容易招致误解的
enrollment: n.注册人数；入学人数;
The school has an enrollment of 400 students.
这所学校的入学人数为四百名.

subject adj.附属的,以...为条件的, 易遭受的




be subject to taxation 应纳税
Social scientists have long realized that human
behaviors are subject to many variables. 长久以来，社会
科学家已经意识到人类的行为受制于许多变量。
This offer is subject to our final confirmation. 这报盘以我
方最后确认为准。
area restrictions: 地区限制

restriction: n.限制；限定；约束;
restriction of expenditure 限制费用.
without restriction 无限制地.
impose (place) restrictions on foreign trade 限制对外贸易.
翻译

政府在学校教育的问题上发挥主要作用，私营社
会机构起辅助作用。由政府开办的全日制中小学
在中小学学校教育中占主要成分。与此同时，鼓
励私营社会机构筹资开创管理中小学。学校向所
有学生开放，学生入学仅受地区限制。

The curriculum is designed to ensure an
all-round development of the students’
moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic
well being, based upon cognitive learning
and the developmental needs of children
at different ages. It lays emphasis on the
integrity of the course knowledge, social
life, and the students’ experience.

The curriculum is designed to ensure an
all-round development of the students’
moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic
well being, based upon cognitive learning
and the developmental needs of children
at different ages.


长句子的结构：The curriculum is designed
to … ,based upon …
curriculum: n. 课程 e.g. curriculum planning 课
程计划，curriculum design 课程设计
extracurricular adj. 课外的 ~ activities 课外活动

design v. 设计


design an engine (a house) 设计一台机器(一座房屋).
design dresses for a famous shop 为一家有名的商店设计服
装.
a book designed mainly for use in colleges
主要为大学使用设计的一本书.
ensure v. 确保，保证



I can‘t ensure that he will be there in time. 我不能保证
他会及时到那里。
In order to ensure success we must have a complete
and thorough plan. 为了保证成功, 我们必须要有一个周密的计
划。
发展经济，保障供给。 Develop the economy and ensure
supplies.

all-round development 全面发展




all-round: adj. 全面的
all-round sportsman 全能运动员
推动社会全面进步,促进人的全面发展。We should
speed up all-round social progress and
promot the all-round development of
people.
各项社会事业全面发展。 Social undertakings
have witnessed all-round development.




moral adj. 道德的 e.g. moral character 品性；
moral culture 德育； moral duty 道德义务；moral
sense 是非感
intellectual adj. 智力的 e.g. intellectual education
智育； intellectual powers 智能；intellectual
investment 智力投资
physical adj. 身体的 e.g. physical education
(training， culture) 体育; physical exercise 体育锻
炼(运动); a physical examination 体格检查;
physical labour 体力劳动.
aesthetic adj. 美的，审美的 e.g. aesthetic
education 审美教育；aesthetic design 美学设计；
aesthetic value 美学价值；aesthetic enjoyment 美
的享受

well being：幸福，安康，健康




to chant for the well being of mankind 为了人类
的福祉而祈祷
Stress, if continuous, can effect your physical,
mental, and emotional well being. 重压感如
果持续的话，会影响你的身心健康和情绪状况。
to achieve the equality, freedom, and well being of the common citizens of a state争取一
个国家内广大国民的平等、自由及安康
the well being of a country 一个国家的繁荣

It lays emphasis on the integrity of the
course knowledge, social life, and the
students’ experience.


lay emphasis on (upon)… 强调
重在培养公民的科学素质 Lay Emphasis on
Improving Citizens' Scientific Quality
重在落实 lay emphasis on implementation
We must lay emphasis on this problem.我们必
须重视这个问题。
emphasis: n. 强调 emphasize v. 强调

integrity:完整(性)；完全(性);




territorial integrity 领土完整.
The ancient pagoda is still there，but not in its
integrity. 古塔还在那里，但已残缺不全.
maintain the integrity of the whole 保持整体的
完整性
integrity也可以表示“诚实；正直；光明正大”
a man of integrity 正直的人
moral integrity 骨气，气节
people of unyielding integrity 硬汉
翻译

教学大纲的设计确保学生在德、智、体、美的全
面发展，以认知学习和少年儿童在不同年龄的发
展需求为基础，强调课程知识、社会生活和学生
经验的完整性。

China’s reform policy has enabled the
spread of education in poor and remote
areas. Nationwide, 99% of Chinese
children attend primary schools. In 1989,
China launched two ambitious projects:
Project Hope and Spring Bud Project.
These two projects have helped children,
esp. girls, in poor areas to attend schools.

China’s reform policy has enabled
the spread of education in poor and
remote areas.



reform： n. 改革
land reform 土地改革.
social reforms 社会改革.
conduct a political reform of the country
实行国家的政治改革：
a reform in teaching methods 教学方法的
改革
policy：n. 政策 e.g. public policy 公共政
策，Policy of enriching the people 富民政
策

enable: 使能够


spread: n.散布，分布；传播；蔓延


Endurance enabled him to win a victory.
坚持到底使他取得胜利.
I am now enabled to continue the work.
我现在能够继续工作了.
The dictionary will enable better international
understanding.
这部字典将能促进国际间的更好了解.
the spread of education 教育的普及
remote: adj.遥远的；偏僻的

remote control 遥控.
a town remote from the sea 远离海洋的市镇.
in the remote past (future) 在遥远的过去(将来).
a remote village 偏僻的村庄.

Nationwide, 99% of Chinese children attend
primary schools.


nationwide: adv. 全国范围内/ adj. 全国的
of nationwide influence 有全国影响的
全民健身运动
nationwide physical fitness campaign
a nationwide network 全国性广播网
He was a master at creating headlines in timing his
pseudo news to distract a nationwide audience over a
prolonged period. 他是一位制造头条新闻的大师――选择适当
时机，以他的假新闻长时间混淆全国视听。
attend: v. 出席
attend school 上学.
The lectures were well- attended. 讲座参加的人很多.

In 1989, China launched two ambitious projects:
Project Hope and Spring Bud Project.


launch: v.发动；发起;
launch an attack upon the enemy向敌人发起进攻
launch a mass movement 发起群众运动
ambitious: adj.志向大的，有雄心的；豪迈的；有野心
an ambitious plan 宏伟规划
a young ambitious self-starter 一位雄心勃勃的富有主动精
神的青年
The program is laudably ambitious. 这项计划雄心勃勃, 值
得称赞。
He was edged out of his job by his ambitious assistant.
他那野心勃勃的助手逐渐谋取了他的职位.

Project Hope: 希望工程
a Chinese public service project organized by
the China Youth Development Foundation
(CYDF) and the Communist Youth League (CYL)
Central Committee. Started in October 30
1989, it aims to bring schools into povertystricken rural areas of China, to help children
whose families are too poor to afford it to
complete elementary school education.
Through Project Hope, the CYDF has also
sought to improve educational facilities and
improve teaching quality in poorer regions.

Spring Bud Project: 春蕾计划
The Spring Bud Project has been
launched, organized and carried out
by the China Children and Teenagers'
Fund (CCTF), under the leadership of
the All China Women's Federation.
The goal of the plan is to assist girls
of poor areas of China to return to
school, which will benefit the welfare
of the whole society.
翻译

中国的改革政策令教育进入贫困边远地区。在全
国范围内，99%的中国少年儿童就读小学。
1989年，中国启动了两个宏伟项目：希望工程和
春蕾计划。这两个项目已经帮助了贫困地区的少
年儿童就学，尤其是女童。
Comprehension Questions
1.
Which of the following is true about
China’s compulsory education?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Children will receive education either in
school or at home.
Students have to take examination in order
to attend junior middle school.
Nine years of compulsory education is
demanded for all children.
Compulsory education is only available for
children in cities.
2. Which one can replace “came into effect”
in Line 1?
A.
B.
C.
D.
started to be adopted
got to influence
became the result
took advantage
3. We can infer from paragraph 3 that
_____________________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
only government can provide primary school
education
it’s impossible for students to decide which
school they like to attend
private schools will admit any student they
like
private schools get their funds from
government
4. The design of curriculum emphasizes
_____________________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
acquisition of knowledge
principles of right or good conduct
appreciation of beauty or good taste
all of the above
5. The purpose of Spring Bud Project is
_______________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
to ensure that all children in China get nineyear compulsory education
to help children, esp. girls, in poor areas to
receive education
to guarantee an all-round development of the
students
to promise a high enrollment rate nationwide
Exercises
I. Conversation
 Choose the right answer to finish the
following conversation.

1. — Could you help me with my physics,
please?
— ____________________.
A. No, no way. Do it yourself.
B. No, I couldn’t. It’s your own work.
C. No, I can’t. That’s very easy.
D. Sorry I can’t. I have to go to a meeting
now.
2. — What can I do for you?
— _________________.
 A. I want a kilo of pears.
 B. You can do it in your own way.
 C. Thanks.
 D. Excuse me. I’m busy.
3. — Must I take a taxi?
— No, you _______. You can take my car.
 A. had better to.
 B. don’t
 C. must not
 D. don’t have to
4. — This box is too heavy for me to carry
upstairs.
— _______________.
 A. You may ask for help.
 B. Let me give you a hand.
 C. Please do me a favor.
 D. I’d come to help.
5. — If you like I can mail this letter for you?
— ________________.
 A. That’s very kind of you.
 B. That is so good.
 C. Please give me a hand.
 D. You are great.
II. Reading Comprehension

Education is not an end, but a means to
an end. In other words, we do not educate
children only for the purpose of educating
them. Our purpose is to fit them for life.

In some modem countries it has for some
time been fashionable to think that by free
education for all — one can solve all the
problems of society and build a perfect
nation. But we can already see that free
education for all is not enough; we find in
such countries a far larger number of
people with university degree; they refuse
to do what they think “low” work; and, in
fact, manual work is thought to be dirty
and shameful in such countries.

But we have only to think a moment to
understand that the work of a completely
uneducated farmer is far more important
than that of a professor; we can live
without education, but we die if we have
no food. If no one cleaned our streets and
took the rubbish away from our houses,
we should get terrible diseases in our
towns.

In fact, when we say that all of us must be
educated to fit us for life, it means that we
must be educated in such a way that,
firstly, each of us can do whatever work
suited to his brains and ability and,
secondly, that we can realize that all jobs
are necessary to society, and that is very
bad to be ashamed of one’s work. Only
such a type of education can be
considered valuable to society.
1. The writer of the passage thinks that _______.
 A. education can resolve most of the problems in
the world.
 B. free education for all will probably lead us to a
perfect world
 C. free education won’t help solve problems
 D. not all of the social problems can be solved by
education
2. The writer wants to prove that _______.
 A. our society needs all kinds of jobs
 B. our society needs free education for all
 C. a farmer is more important than a
professor
 D. working with hands is more important
than anything else
3. According to the passage __________.
 A. manual work is dirty and shameful
 B. manual work is considered low
 C. manual work is the most important
 D. we can’t regard manual work as low
4. The purpose of education is _______.
 A. to choose officials for the country
 B. to prepare children mainly for their
future work
 C. to allow everyone to receive education
that fits him/her
 D. to build a perfect world
5. The passage tells us about _______ of
the education.
 A. the means
 B. the system
 C. the value
 D. the type
III. Vocabulary and Structure
1. The Parade Theatre’s _______ Room is
ideally suited for small workshops,
classes or private functions.
 A. Reception
B. Receiving
A
 C. WelcomeD. Greeting
2. Wearing seat belts in cars is
_____________ by law.
 A. commercial
B. compulsory
B
 C. commanding D. commentary
3. The contract shall come into
__________ as soon as it is duly signed
by both parties and shall remain
effective for two years.
 A. action
B. being C. effect D. play
4. Do you have any double rooms
___________ this weekend?
 A. present
B. qualified
 C. available
D. capable
C
C
5. Their 2-0 victory today has ________
the Italian team a place in the Cup Final.
 A. assured
B. defended
 C. protected
D. ensured
D
6. The young lady coming toward us
_________ our English teacher; we can
tell from the way she walks.
 A. must be
B. can be
 C. would beD. could be
A
7. Will you _______ me a favor, please?
 A. give
B. make C. bring D. do
D
8. The film brought the hours back to me
_________ I was taken good care of in
that remote village.
 A. when
B. where C. that
D. until
A
9. Helen ____ be home, for she phoned me
from the airport just five minutes ago.
 A. mustn’t
B. needn’t
C
 C. can’t
D. daren’t
10. The government took desperate
measures to keep the economy _____.
 A. run
B. running
 C. ran
D. to run
B
IV. Cloze

Anyone who cares about what schools and
colleges teach and how their students
learn will be interested in the memoir of
Ralph W. Tyler, one of the most famous
men in American education.

Born in Chicago in 1902, __1__ and
schooled in Nebraska, the __2__ college
graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on
teaching while teaching as a science
teacher in South Dakota and changed his
__3__ from medicine to education.

Graduate work at the University of
Chicago found him connected with
honorable educators Charles Judd and W.
W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and
testing had an effect __4__ his later work.
In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio
State University where he __5__
developed a new method of testing.

Tyler became well-known in 1938, __6__
he carried his work with the Eight-Year
Study from Ohio State University to the
University of Chicago at the invitation of
Robert Hutchins.

Tyler was the first director of the Center
for Advanced Study in the Behavioral
Sciences at Stanford, a position he __7__
for fourteen years. There, he firmly
believed that researchers should be free to
seek an independent（独立的）spirit in
their work.

__8__ Tyler officially retired in 1967, he
never actually retired. He served on a long
list of educational organizations in the
United States and abroad. Even __9__he
traveled across the country to advise
teachers and management people on how
to set objectives（目标）that develop
__10__ teaching and learning within their
schools.

Now let’s check the blanks.

Anyone who cares about what schools and
colleges teach and how their students
learn will be interested in the memoir of
Ralph W. Tyler, one of the most famous
men in American education.
Born in Chicago in 1902, __1__ and
schooled in Nebraska, the __2__ college
graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on
teaching while teaching as a science
teacher in South Dakota and changed his
__3__ from medicine to education.
 1. A. bringing up B. to bring up
C
C. brought up D. having brought up

D
2. A. 19 years old B. 19 years’ old
C. 19 year old D. 19-year-old
 3. A. study B. major C. course D. class
B

Graduate work at the University of
Chicago found him connected with
honorable educators Charles Judd and W.
W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and
testing had an effect __4__ his later work.
In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio
State University where he __5__
developed a new method of testing.
 4. A. on
B. to
C. in
D. at


5. A. further
C. addition
B. again
D. once more
A
A
Tyler became well-known in 1938, __6__
he carried his work with the Eight-Year
Study from Ohio State University to the
University of Chicago at the invitation of
Robert Hutchins.
 6. A. where B. when C. how
D. which

B
Tyler was the first director of the Center
for Advanced Study in the Behavioral
Sciences at Stanford, a position he __7__
for fourteen years. There, he firmly
believed that researchers should be free to
seek an independent（独立的）spirit in
their work.
D
 7. A. got
B. became
C. lay
D. held





__8__ Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never
actually retired. He served on a long list of
educational organizations in the United States
and abroad. Even __9__he traveled across the
country to advise teachers and management
people on how to set objectives（目标）that
develop __10__ teaching and learning within
their schools.
8. A. Because
B. Furthermore
C
C. Although
D. In spite of
9. A. in 80s
B. at 80s
C. in his 80s
D. at his 80s
C
10. A. the best
B. better
A
C. the better
D. best
V. Translation
The law of compulsory education in
China came into effect on July 1, 1986,
requiring each child to have nine years
of formal education.
中国的义务教务法于1986年7月1日开始生效，
要求每个儿童少年接受9年正式教育。
2. In areas where junior middle school
education is available to all, all primary
school graduates can go on to junior
middle school without entrance
examinations.
在所有少年儿童都能接受初中教育的地区，小
学毕业生免试就读初中。
1.
The government plays a dominant role in
school education, while private social
circles play a supplementary role.
政府在学校教育的问题上发挥主要作用，私人
社会机构发挥辅助作用。
4. The curriculum is designed to ensure an
all-round development of the students’
moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic
well being.
教学大纲的设计确保学生在德、智、体、美各
方面的全面发展。
5. China’s reform policy has enabled the
spread of education in poor and remote
areas.
中国的改革政策令教育进入贫困边远地区。
3.
VI. Writing
You are required to write a composition on
the topic “Potential of the Internet
Education” with no less than 80 words
based on the outline given below.
 随着网络进入千家万户，网络带来新的教育机会；
 现实中网络教育已经开始发展；
 我对未来网络教育发展的预言。

As the Internet is getting into
households, new educational
opportunities are provided via the
use of the Internet.
In reality, the educational via
Internet plan has been taking shape.
Some universities have already got
involved in regional long-distance
education, catching the attention of
many educators and computer
experts. Others have just connected
their campus computers for teaching
and research, and provided more
opportunities for learners.
As I see it, the Internet education
will go on to develop dramatically
and one day that computerized
long-distance teaching networks will
cover all the corners of China and
eventually win the worldwide
popularity.
Overview of Education in China

Since the founding of the People‘s Republic of
China in 1949, an important governmental effort
has been to eliminate illiteracy and popularize
compulsory education. At present, the national
net enrollment rate in elementary schools is
98.58 percent, and the gross enrollment rate in
junior high schools has reached 90 percent. This
compares to 1949 when only 20 percent of
school-age children were in school, and 80
percent of all adults were illiterate. Today
illiteracy among the young and middle-aged
population has decreased to less than 5 percent,
and the nine-year compulsory education basically
has been established in the areas where 90
percent of the country‘s population live.

The past ten years have seen the fastest
development in education in China. Ten years ago,
for example, few institutions offered an MBA
(Master of Business Administration). In 2003,
some 62 schools offer MBAs, enrolling some
30,000 MBA students. International professional
degrees like EMBA (Employed Master of Business
Administration) and MPA (Master of Public
Administration) also are offered. As regards the
MPA degree, the State Council Degree Committee
has authorized 47 Chinese institutions of higher
learning to offer the degree, and some 7,700
students have been enrolled at present.

International cooperation and exchanges in
education have increased year by year. China has
the most students studying abroad in the world.
Since 1979, some 582,000 Chinese students
have studied in 103 countries and regions,
among whom 160,000 have returned after
finishing their studies. Meanwhile, the number of
foreign students studying in China has also
increased. In 2003, there were 86,000 students
from 170 foreign countries studying in China‘s
universities.

Education in China thrives in part because of
increased investment. Since 1998, the
percentage of funds allotted to education by the
Central Government has grown 1 percentage
point annually. In 2003, the national government
fund for education was 349.14 billion yuan,
accounting for 3.41 percent in the GDP, an
increase of 0.22 percentage point from the
previous year, being the highest since 1989 when
this index was first monitored.

According to a development program of the
Ministry of Education, the government will
establish an education financial system in line
with the public financial system, strengthen the
responsibility of governments at all levels to
invest in education, and ensure that the
governments‘ financial allocation in education
grows faster than their regular revenue. The
program also sets a goal of trying in a relatively
short time to make educational investment
account for 4 percent of the GDP.

For non-compulsory education, China has a
system of sharing costs with students by
charging tuition at a certain percentage of the
educational cost. Meanwhile, to ensure education
for students from families with economic
difficulties, the Chinese government offers
scholarships, work-study programs, subsidies for
students with special economic difficulties,
reduction of or exemption from tuition, and state
student loans.

The government is committed to providing more
and more educational opportunities as
demonstrated in a plan of the Ministry of
Education whereby in 2020 for every 100,000
persons, 13,500 will have a junior college
education and about 31,000 will have senior high
school diplomas; the percentage of illiterate or
semi-literate population will go down below 3
percent; and the average schooling of the whole
population will increase from eight years of today
to 11 years.