Transcript 112 Chapter 16 section 1 North American Societies

Chapter 16
Section 1
NORTH AMERICAN SOCIETIES
Key Terms
 Potlatch
 Anasazi
 Pueblo
 Mississippian
 Iroquois
 Totem
Complex Societies in the West
 North American
Societies less
developed than South
 Had complex societies
 Conduct long distance
trade
Cultures of Abundance
 Oregon to Alaska rich
in resources
 Most important
resource was the sea
 Hunted whales in
canoes
 Potlatch-give food,
drink and gifts to the
community (rank and
prosperity)
Accomplished Builders
 Southwest- drier
desert lands
 Hohokoam of central
Arizona were farmers
 Used irrigation
 Squash
 Beans
 Corn
 Used pottery instead of
baskets
Accomplished Builders
 Anasazi-lived in four
corners region (Utah)
 Built cliff dwellings
 Mesa Verde Colorado
 900’s lived in pueblos
 Villages of large
apartment style
compounds
 Made of stone or sun
baked clay
Accomplished Builders
 Pueblo Bonita the
largest means beautiful
village
 Required high degree
of organization and
inventiveness
 Human labor quarried
sandstone
 Used mud like mortar
Accomplished Builders
 Some walls 5 stories
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tall
Windows small to keep
out burning sun
Housed 1000 people
Had 600 rooms
Kivas-underground
ceremonial chambers
used for religious
practices
Accomplished Builders
 Anasazi pueblos
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abandoned by 1200
Hopi and Zuni used kivas
(Pueblo peoples)
Created pottery and
baskets
Traded corn and farm
products with Plain Indians
for buffalo and hides
Comanche, Kiowa, Apache
were Plains tribes
Mound Builders and Other
Woodland Cultures
 Mound builders lived
east of the Mississippi
River
 700BC the Adena built
mounds
 200AD Hopewell built
burial mounds
 Filled with gifts
Mound Builders
 Mississippian were the
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last
From 800AD to the
1500’s
Thriving villages, farming
and trade
Between 1000 and 1200
30,000 lived in Cahokia
Crossroads of east and
west
Northeastern Tribes Build
Alliances
 Varied cultures
 Economic and cultural
connection
 Trade linked people in
North America
 Mississippian trade
from Rocky Mountains
to the Atlantic coast
from Great Lakes to
Gulf of Mexico
Northwestern Tribes Build
Alliances
 Iroquois spoke related
languages
 Five tribes in upper New
York form Iroquois
League
 Mohawk, Oneida,
Cayuga, Onondaga, and
Seneca
 To promote joint defense
and cooperation
Religion Shapes View of Life
 Believed the world
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around them was filed
with spirits
Recognized a number
of sacred spirits
Great Spirit
Spirits gave customs
and rituals
Peace and harmony
from practicing rituals
Religion Shapes View of Life
 Beliefs included a great
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respect for the land
Tried to alter land as
little as possible
Land was sacred
Could not be bought or
sold
Europeans claimed
lands it caused a
conflict
Shared Social Patterns
 Family basis of social
organization
 Extended family
 Some organized
families into clans
 Some families lived
together in a large
house
Shared Social Patterns
 Totems-natural object
that a can identifies
with
 Define behaviors in
social relationships
 Northwestern
displayed totems on
masks, boats huge
poles in front of houses
Shared Social Patterns
 Used totem symbols in
 Ritual dances
 Marriages
 Naming children
 Planting and harvesting
 Hundreds of different
patterns of life