Transcript 슬라이드 1

Characteristics of Industrial R&D in
Korea
International Workshop on Research &
Innovation in South Korea
2003. 3. 4.
Jae-ik Choi, Ph.D.
Korea Industrial Technology Association
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Contents
I. Current Status of Industrial R&D
1. Industrial R&D History
2. Features of Industrial R&D
3. Features of Industrial R&D Centers
4. Major Achievements
II. Industrial R&D Support
1. Tax Credit
2. Manpower
3. Financial Support
III. Problems & Policy Directions
1. Problems & Challenges of Korea’s Industrial R&D
2. R&D Trends in Industry
3. Policy Directions
IV. Government’s Policies to Attract Foreign R&D Centers
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1. Foreign Direct Investments in R&D
2. Incentives for Foreign Direct Investments in R&D
I. Current Status of Industrial R&D
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Industrial R&D History
1960~
70’s
•
•
•
KIST(1966), Ministry of S&T(1967)
Technology Development Promotion Law(1972)
KOITA(1979)
•
1980’s
1990’s
2000’s
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National R&D programs and Accreditation system of industrial
R&D centers(1981)
• Industrial R&D support policy launched
- Tax credit on R&D(1981), Military service exemption(1981),
Customs duties credit(1983)
•
•
Increase in the number of R&D centers
Venture Promotion Act(1996): Surge of Venture Companies’
R&D centers
•
•
Industry becoming the core of NIS(10,000, 75% of national R&D)
Foreign R&D centers’ increase(134)
Features of Industrial R&D
R&D Investments by Industry
in US 100million dollars
1981
1985
1990
1995
2000
2001
2002
Total(A)
Industry(B)
5.2
2.1
13.9
9.1
46.7
33.1
121.9
89.1
122.5
90.7
124.8
95.1
144.3
108.1
B/A(%)
41.1
65.4
70.9
73.1
74.0
76.2
74.9%
R&D Spending by
Manufacturing Sector(2002)
Mechanical appliances
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in US 100million dollars
Chemi
cal
Food
proces
sing
Textile
Other
manufa
cturing
Total
Subtotal
Electro
nics
Autom
obile
Others
Amount
77.1
49.4
13.7
14.0
9.7
1.7
1.0
3.1
92.6
%
83.4
53.4
14.8
15.2
10.5
1.8
1.0
3.3
100.0
Features of Industrial R&D
R&D Intensity of Industry(R&D/Sales)
(%)
Country
1991
1995
1997
1995
2000
2002
Korea
2.02
2.51
2.57
2.15
2.37
2.51
International Comparison
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US
3.6%(1999)
Japan
3.99%(2002)
Germany
3.90%(1999)
Korea
2.51%(2002)
Features of Industrial R&D
Korea’s R&D Manpower
1981
1985
1990
1995
2000
2001
2002
Total R&D
manpower(A)
20,718
41,473
70,503
128,315
159,973
178,937
189,888
Industrial R&D
personnel(B)
7,165
18,996
38,737
68,625
94,333
111,299
118,160
B/A %
34.6%
45.8%
54.9%
53.5%
59.0%
62.2%
62.2%
Ph.D.(%)
79(1.1)
251(1.3)
1,139(2.9)
3,373(4.9)
5,351(5.7)
6,932(6.2)
7,324(6.2)
MA(%)
612(8.5)
3,594(18.9)
8,822(22.8)
20,450(29.8)
29,166(30.9)
33,288(29.9)
37,596(31.8)
BA(%)
5,685(79.3)
14,280(75.2)
27,414(70.8)
41,191(60)
51,594(54.7)
61,437(55.2)
65,249(55.2)
Others
(%)
789(11.0)
871(4.6)
1,362(3.5)
3,611(5.3)
8,222(8.7)
9,642(8.7)
7,991(6.8)
By
degree
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Features of Industrial R&D Centers
Eligibility of Industrial R&D Centers
Manpower requirements
SMEs
Five or more BA or higher degree holders in science and engineering
- Two or more researchers for venture companies’ R&D centers
LARGE
Ten or more BA or higher degree holders
Physical Requirements
Independent R&D facilities(including space and R&D equipments)
necessary for R&D activities
- Space should strictly be seperated by the wall
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Features of Industrial R&D Centers
Rapid Growth of Industrial R&D Centers
9,705
9,070
9,810
8,927
8,863
SME
Large
7,110
Total
6,307
4,810
3,760
3,060
2,270
53
82
8,217
4,013
2,610
2,960
1,980
2,278
1,690
1,201 1,435
1,350 1,578 1,862
782 800 797 803 853 842
824 966 708 903 1,113
604
748
455
545 421 493 532 577 630 692
122 152 183 290
883
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03
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Features of Industrial R&D Centers
SME
research centers
Concentrated on Electrics
& Electronics(ICT)
Concentrated in the
metropolitan areas
10
8,927
5,573
/
7,140
/
91%
57% of the total
/ 73%
Major Achievements
Competitiveness of Korea’s Major Industries
Market Share in the Global Market
Semiconductor
ICT
Shipbuilding
Steel
Automobiles
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DRAM - No. 1 since ’98
CDMA Mobile Phones - No.1
Market share - 33% (No.1)
Market share - 5% (No.5)
Market share – 5.5% (No.6)
II. Industrial R&D Support
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Tax Credit
Tax Credit
 Reserve 3~5% of profit for future research and manpower development
 Tax deduction of either 15% of research and manpower development
costs occurred in the taxation year or 50% of the excess of the average
research and manpower development costs for the last four years
 Deduction of 7% of facility investment for R&D
 80% deduction of custom duties imposed on research equipment
imported for R&D
 Exemption of local taxes including acquisition and registration tax on
real estate for R&D
 Income tax exemption for foreign R&D personnel
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Manpower & Financial Support
Manpower
 Exemption from military service duties for young researchers
(MA & Ph.D degree) (2~3,000 a year) employed at accreditated
industrial R&D centers
Financial Support
Direct funding through national R&D programs
 Loan from Public Funds : Science Technology Promotion Fund,
Information Promotion Fund
 Venture Capitals : KDB Capital, Kibo Technology Advancing
Capital, Korea Technology Credit Guarantee Fund
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III. Problems & Policy Directions
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Problems & Challenges of Korea’s Industrial R&D
Korea’s Technology Level : A comparison
with Advanced Countries
Korea’s Tech
Level
Reference
Country(100%)
Time required to
catch up
IT
60~70%
US•Japan
2~3 years
BT
60%
US • UK
3~5 years
NT
25%
US • Japan
3~6 years
ET
40~50%
US • Germany
4~5 years
KISTEP(Korea Institute of S&T Evaluation & Planning)
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Problems & Challenges of Korea’s Industrial R&D
Number of World’s Top Products by Country of Origin
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
86
85
86
81
U.S
942
952
919
1,028
Japan
371
320
353
379
China
554
578
615
731
Korea
KOTRA(Korea Trade-Investment Promotion Agency), Trade Focus
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Problems & Challenges of Korea’s Industrial R&D
□ Accelerating Hollowing-out of Manufacturing Industries
- Approximately 65% of manufacturing firms are
planning or considering moving their production
plants overseas, while maintaining core R&D
operations at home(KOITA Survey)
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R&D Trends in Industry
Focus on the
development of ten
growth industries
Global sourcing of
R&D Resources
 R&D Drive Geared to the Development
of Ten Technologies
 Utilization of Global R&D Resources,
including Research Manpower, Information
and Financial Resources
 Strengthening Int’l Tech Cooperation and
Global
Networking
Enlargement
of R&D Investments
& Manpower
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Promotion of Off-shore R&D Activities
- Large companies prefer collaboration with global companies while
SMEs with domestic universities
 2004 Survey of Korean Industries
- R&D Investment - Increase(53.5%), No change(41.2%)
Decrease(4.5%)
- R&D Manpower - Increase(51.1%), No change(45.8%)
Decrease(2.6%)
Policy Directions
□ Fostering Next Generation Growth Engines
○ Development of 10 New Growth Industries
― To plan and coordinate the development of the new growth
industries, special committee was established under the
National Science & Technology Council(NSTC)
○ Link advanced new technologies to the development of the
traditional industries
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Policy Directions
10 Strategic Industries – Next Growth Engines(Examples)
Bio/New Medicine
Display
Next generation semiconductor
Next generation fuel cell
Future Automobiles
Intelligent Robotics
Digital TV/ Broadcasting
Next generation Mobile Communication
Intelligent Home Networks
Digital contents/SW Solutions
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Policy Directions
□ Promotion of Basic Research
○ Increase the share of basic research in national R&D budget
― 19.5%(’03) → Over 25% by 2007
○ Upgrading university capability to a world-top level
□ Facilitating the Commercialization of Public R&D Results
― Tech. transfer to private sector
― Increase of the budget to support technology transfer
from 1.1% to 3~5% of public R&D budget
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Policy Directions
□ Rearing Core R&D Personnel
○ Fostering S&E Workforce
― S&T Graduate School
― Establishment of Northeast Tech. Management Graduate
School
○ Promotion of Science & Engineering Education
― Strengthening special education for young talents
― Linking university education to research
― Funding support to Post-Docs studying abroad
○ Promotion of Job Creation for S&E Graduates
― Salary support for the Ph.Ds and MAs newly employed by
SMEs
― Tech training given to SMEs’ R&D managers and
researchers
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□ Attract Foreign R&D Centers
IV. Government’s Policies to
Attract Foreign R&D Centers
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Foreign Direct Investments in R&D
Foreign Invested R&D Centers in Korea
The number of R&D centers which invested more than 100,000 US dollars is 932 as of 2003.
The number of 100% foreign-invested R&D centers is 134 as of 2003.
R&D center
By nation
Total
USA
56(41.8)
Europe
49(36.6)
Japan
16(11.9)
Others
13(9.7)
134(100.0)
R&D center
By Industry
Electronics
58(43.3)
Chemistry
35(26.1)
Machinery
20(14.9)
Others
21(15.7)
Total
134(100.0)
•Pateur Research Institute concluded an agreement with KIST(2003) to set up a branch lab within KIST
•Cavendish Research Center will also come to Korea
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Incentives for Foreign Direct Investments in R&D
Tax Benefits
 Income Tax & Corporate Tax – 100% deduction for the first seven(7)
years and 50% for additional three (3) years
 Acquisition• Registration • Property • Land Tax - 100% deduction
for the first five(5) years and 50% for additional three (3) years
 Tariff • Special Excise Tax • VAT – 100% exemption within three(3)
years after the report of the R&D equipments is made
Financial Support
 CASH GRANT will be provided to new foreign investors who invest
over US$10 million dollars in high-tech industries or US$ 5 million
in R&D facilities (Comprehensive Plan to Attract Foreign Investment)
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Incentives for Foreign Direct Investments in R&D
Special Zones
 <Free Economic Zone>
Incheon Metropolitan City, Busan Metropolitan City and Gwangyang
City designated as Free Economic Zone wherein foreign companies and R&D
centers are fully exempted from various taxes for three years and 50% of taxes
for additional two years.
 <Industrial Complexes Exclusively for Foreign Investors>
Ochang 165,290 square meter(40.5 acre) → 495,870 square meter(121.5acre) :
Jinsa(330,580 square meter(81 acre) → 495,870 square meter(121.5acre)
(75~100% Discount in Lease)
 < Free Investment Zone>
Easing existing regulations
More than US $ 50 million for one company → More than US $ 30 million for
several companies(100% Discount in Lease)
 < Free Trade Zone>
Masan, Iksan, Gunsan and Daebul designated(100% Discount in Lease)
 <Science Industrial Park>
14 Science Industrial Parks including Daedeok Science Town
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Incentives for Foreign Direct Investments in R&D
Improve Living Environment including Traffic, Housing, Medical Service,
Education, Culture and Leisure
□ Encourage the establishment of foreign schools
- Expand tax benefits for donations made to foreign schools
- Process will be made easier to support foreign schools or other
necessary facilities
□ Physical facilities : Guest houses for foreign researchers, Cultural
centers, etc.
□ Deregulations on immigration processes for foreign researchers
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Incentives for Foreign Direct Investments in R&D
Other Incentives
□ Supply of qualified human resources
- Establish the Northeast Asian Technology Management
University to support qualified human resources to foreign
investors
- Allocate greater quotas of military service-exempted research
personnel to foreign investors
□ Establishment of one-stop service system
- 『Korea Foundation for International Cooperation of Science
and Technology』(KICOS) and『 Invest Korea』
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