Transcript PowerPoint

Forest energy resources,
certification of supply and markets
for energy technology
Timo Karjalainen, Finnish Forest Research Institute
Arvo Leinonen, Technical Research Centre of Finland
Lassi Linnanen, Lappeenranta University of Technology
e-mail [email protected]
The Bioenergetics and Biotechnologies
- an effective utilization of waste of timber cuttings and wood processing
14-15 October 2009, Moscow, Russia
Metsäntutkimuslaitos
Skogsforskningsinstitutet
Finnish Forest Research Institute
www.metla.fi
Acknowledgement
Global forest energy resources, certification of supply
and markets for energy technology – GLOENER –
project
Partners
Finnish Forest Research Institute (Metla)
Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)
Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT)
Funding
the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation
(Tekes) through ClimBus - Business Opportunities in
Mitigating Climate Change programme
Stora Enso Oyj, Vapo Oyj, Metso Power Oy, John Deere
Forestry Oy, Pentin Paja Oy, Neste Oil Oyj
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Content / main activities
 estimation of the availability of forest biomass to
energy production and markets for the Finnish
energy technology
 sustainability criteria for bioenergy production and
utilisation
 case studies assessing forest energy potentials,
harvesting technology and biomass plants
 participation in the IEA Bioenergy cooperation
Task 31 “Biomass production for energy from sustainable
forestry”
Task 40 “Sustainable international bioenergy markets:
securing supply and demand”
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Geographical focus
 North and South America, representing rapidly growing
markets for both supply chain and plant technology for
biomass based energy generation
 North-West Russia, representing potential supplier of
forest biomass as well as emerging technology market near
EU
 South-East Asia, improvment of palm oil production process
which could open opportunities for Finnish technology and
know-how transfer
To gather and analyse information about energy sectors,
forest energy potentials and infrastucture from the target
regions to help Finnish technology suppliers to succeed in the
market
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Global potential of modern energywood
- accumulation from current fellings and unutilized
increment
• 0.7- 1.2 bill. m3 / 1300- 2400 TWh / 4.7-8.8 EJ
• equal to 1-2 % of the primary energy demand
Source: Anttila P., Karjalainen, T. & Asikainen. A. 2009
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European Union (EU 27)


Source: Asikainen, A., Liiri, H., Peltola, S., Karjalainen, T. & Laitila, J.
2008. Forest energy potential in Europe (EU 27). Working Papers of the
Finnish Forest Research Institute 69. 33 p.
Theoretical forest energy potential 785 mill. m3
Technically harvestable 190 mill. m3
 Felling residues 84 mill. m3 (incl. 7 mill. m3 stumps)
 Total amount of felling residues from current fellings 211 milj. m3
 103 mill. m3 from unutilised increment (25% of the unutilised increment)
 36 Mtoe or 411 TWh
 equals total energy consumption in Finland or 2% of the EU energy consumption
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European Union (EU 27), continued
Source: Asikainen, A., Liiri, H., Peltola, S., Karjalainen, T. & Laitila, J.
2008. Forest energy potential in Europe (EU 27). Working Papers of the
Finnish Forest Research Institute 69. 33 p.
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Energy consumption in Finland in 2007
46%
54%
20%
32%
68%
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Consumption of wood-based fuels in Finland
54%
30%
16%
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Rawmaterial for forest chips consumed by
heating and power plants in Finland
Forest chips total, 1000 m3
3500
Unspecified
3000
Stumps and roots
2500
Large-sized timber
2000
1500
Logging residues
1000
Unpruned small-sized
tree
Pruned small-diameter
stem
500
0
00 001 002 003 004 005 006 007
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Source: Finnish Forest Research Institute, Metinfo
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Heating and power plants using forest chips
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Sustainability criteria for biomass – views of
Finnish stakeholders, results
 sustainability criteria for biomass needed and important because
of the expanding and globalising nature of the use of biomass,
impacts of production and utilisation
 strong view that the current bioenergy production and utilisation in
Finland are in sustainable levels, thus unnecessary yet to develop
the national bioenergy production criteria in Finland
 95% of forests certified under the Pan-European Forest Certification
System
 sustainability criteria needed internationally in order to steer the
production and utilisation of biomass to a more sustainable
direction
 Finland should participate in the outlining of the sustainability
criteria at international level, and in bringing out the Finnish
special circumstances
 environmental, social and economic criteria to be taken into account
Source: Hämäläinen et al. 2008
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Case studies
 assessed forest energy resource potential: logging
residues, small wood and forest industry residues
 assessed the most competitive supply chains and
appropriate machine technologies for harvesting
and transport of biomass for the power plant and
assess the procurement costs of wood biomass
 assessed feasibility of woody biomass-based CHP,
heat or co-firing plant: power plant technology,
power production cost and reduction of emissions
 estimated possibilities for Finnish technology
suppliers in the area
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Availability of forest chips to Varkaus biofuel
production plant in Finland
Stora Enso Varkaus mill one of the investment
candidates for a full-scale commercial biofuel production
plant owned by a joint venture between Stora Enso and
Neste Oil
Source: Laitila J et al. 2008
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Availability of forest chips, i.e. technical potential – present usage,
as a function of transporting distance.
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Biomass plant in Kostomuksha, Russia
 Techno-economic potential of energy wood 180000 m3/a / 360
GWh/a, peat resources 326 TWh
 Average long distance transportation 118 km, procurement cost
about 13 €/MWh
 CHP plant: 40 MW heat, 25 MW steam and 40 MW electricity to
the town and the iron pellet factory use
 40% of the fuel forest chips, 60% coal or peat
 Profitability of the biomass plant require higher price for mazut oil
Energy production costs
45
40
35
Electricity purchase
Other cost
Electricity costs
Fuel costs
Maintenance costs
Operational costs
Capital costs
€/MWh
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Biomass+Coal CFB
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Mazut 15 €/MWh
Mazut 30 €/MWh
Source: Raitila et al. 2009
Availability of biomass, harvesting and
energy production in Uruguay
 studied fuels logging residues, bark, excess roundwood and
agro biomass
 condensing power plant of 30 MWe, 50 MWe and 70 MWe
analysed
 electricity production costs 90-100 €/MWh using the
cheapest materials (bark and felling residues)
Breakdown of the electricity production costs in 30 MW power plant
140
€/MWh
Electricity production costs
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Source: Virkkunen et al. 2009
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Capital costs
Operational costs
Maintenance costs
Fuel costs
Electricity costs
Other cost
Wood pellet production in British Columbia,
Canada


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
about 1 mill. tons of industrial
woody residues in 2008
200–500 million m3 of
unharvested mountain pine
beetle-killed wood
availability 1,9 – 3,2 mill. tons/a
raw material for 10-20 new pellet
factories (using 150000 tons/a)
payback time for the investment
about 3 years (15-18 %
calculated internal rate of return)
Source: Wiik et al. 2009
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Conclusions
 estimates of the wood energy potential on the global
level demonstrate that the potential limited
 regionally wood fuels can play significant role in energy
market and can help in meeting emission reduction
targets
 increasingly important to ensure that biomass
production and utilisation in energy production is
sustainable due to internationalisation of biofuel
markets
 case studies provided valuable information
 possible to direct further investigations and technology
knowhow to promising regions / areas
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