Transcript Document

INFO 450
Video Card's, Monitor's,
Chris Adkins, Kristin Tippett, and
Donnie Wood
Different types of Hardware for
your computer
• Adapter Cards
o Graphics Cards
o Sound Cards
• RAID Cards
• eSATA Cards
o I/O Cards
• Wired And Wireless Network Cards
• Capture Cards
Adapter Cards
• An Adapter Card (which is also known as an expansion
card) is a circuit board that's put into a expansion slot of a
motherboard to give more functionality to the computer.
o The main focus of an Adapter card is to provide features
that are not normally offered on some motherboards
 Graphics Cards
 Sound Cards
 Network Cards
Graphics Cards
• A graphics card (aka Video Adapter, Graphics Accelerator
Card, Display Adapter, or video card) is an expansion card
that generates output images to a display monitor.
o Added features to a graphics card
 3D rendering
 video recording
 MPEG-2/-4 decoding (compressing of videos)
 Light pen
 TV Output
 Multi-Monitors
PCI AGP or PCIe
Video/Graphic Cards
PCI
AGP
• Peripheral
• Accelerated
Graphics Port
component
interconnect
• Originally created
• Uses bus
for 3-D computer
architecture
graphics
• Can be integrated • Provides dedicated
circuit fitted onto
pathways between
the mother board
the slot and the
processor
or an expansion
card
• Point-to-Point
• Coexist with other
connection
expansion buses
allowing higher
• "Plug and Play
clock speeds
PCIe
• Express
• Replaced AGP and
older PCI versions
• Uses Point-toPoint serial
connection rather
than shared
parallel
communication
• Not compatible
in PCI slots
• Multiple data
lanes
http://www.professormesser.com/free-a-plus-training/220-701/bus-architectures-and-expansion-slots
Things to Keep in mind
• Bigger Monitors with higher resolution (while running the
same program) need better video cards
• Make sure your Power Supply has enough power to support
your Videocard
• Making sure your output is supported
o Blue Ray will need a video card which supports:
 HDMI
 HDCP (High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection)
 Allows you to stream blue ray from your Video card
to the TV)
Things to keep in mind cont.
• Running 2 Video Cards at once
o Depends on the chipset of your motherboard
 Scalable Link Interface (SLI) Nividia chipset that allows
you to run multiple videocards
 Crossfire is a Intel chipset that allows multiple video
cards to run
 Need a USB 2.0 Display Adapter to run MultiMonitor while using SLI/Crossfire
Overclocking and Benchmarking
• Overclocking- Process of running the video card at a higher
bits/second than it was meant for. It's used for
minimizing/maximizing performance.
• Benchmarking- Tests a video card performance and then
gives results to compare to other benchmarkers.
o http://www.videocardbenchmark.net/
Multimedia Cards
Sound cards, TV tuner cards,
Capture cards
Sound Cards
• Sound Cards (aka Audio Cards) is an Adapter Card that
enable's the input and output of audio signals between the
itself and the computer.
o Multiple inputs:
 Pink- Microphone input
 Blue- Audio input
 Green- Audio output
 Front speakers
 Headphones
 Brown- Audio output for Right to Left Speaker
 Black- Audio output surround sound speakers
 Orange- Audio output for subwoofer
TV Tuner Cards
• Computer component that allows television signals to be
received by a computer
• 4 components are required to make this happen
1.A tuner device
2.An antenna or cable connection
3.A tuning application
4.Some sort of program guide
Video Capture Cards
• Video capture cards are designed to plug directly into
expansion slots in personal computers and servers
• All comply with one of the popular host bus standards (PCI,
AGP, and/or PCIe)
• Proper hardware and software are necessary to transport
the captured video to the computer
• Problems arise with dropped frames, problems
synchronizing audio and video, and poor quality play back.
RAID Cards
• RAID Controller Cards are pieces of hardware dedicated to
controlling RAID functions.
o RAID chips can be integrated into the Motherboard
o RAID Controller Cards will come in the form of PCI, or
PCIe
• RAID 0 and RAID 1 can be setup either by software, or
hardware. RAID 5 is setup by hardware.
I/O Cards
• Input/ Output (I/O) cards are cards that provide some sort of
external connectivity.
o
USB, Parallel, SATA, SCSI, and NIC/WNIC cards
 Although often times USB, Parallel, and SCSI cards
are very much out of date. Now integrated in with the
Motherboard.
o
Often times I/O Cards are labeled as "Low Profile Cards"
which are cards that fit in smaller computer towers.
SCIS: Small Computer Interface
System
• Pronounced "scuzzy"
• Involve chains, IDs, and termination
• Chains: a series of SCSI devices working together through a
host adapter (the host adapter provides the interface
between the SCSI chain and the PC)
• Categorized as internal and external devices
• IDs: range from 0-15, doesn't matter which device gets
which number and numbers can be skipped but none can be
the same
• Termination: Only terminate the ends of the SCSI chain.
Some devices come automatically able to terminate others
need to be set. Termination is used to prevent the electrical
echo.
SCSI
http://www.ehow.com/video_4987275_connect-scsi-scanner-computer.html
Serial Cards
• Replaced by USB
• One of the last manually configured ports
• Serial communication: one wire to send data and another
wire to receive data one bit at a time sequentially
• The job of a serial port is to convert data moving between
parallel and serial devices
• Serial ports consist of two pieces:
1.9-pin DB connector
2.UART chip
• The UART chip actually does the conversion between the
serial data and parallel data
• Universal asynchronous receiver
/transmitter
Parallel Cards
• Also known as the printer port
• Faster alternative to serial communication
• Parallel communication: sending several data signals
simultaneously over several parallel channels
• IEEE 1284 is a standard that defines bi-directional parallel
communications between computers and other devices
• Max data transfer rate: 150 kilobytes per second
• Use up a considerable amount of CPU
• Replaced by USB
USB: Universal Serial Bus
• Replaced serial and parallel ports/cards
• Used to establish communication between devices and a
host controller
• USB host controller: integrated circuit that is usually built
into the chipset and controls every USB device that
connects to it
• USB root hub: the part on the host controller that makes
the physical connection to the USB ports
• No limit to number of ports a single host adapter may use
• Most important thing to remember is that every USB device
connected to a single host adapter/root hub shares that
USB bus with every other device connected to it
• The more USB devices connected result in the bus slowing
down and more power being used
"Low Profile Cards:"eSATA Cards
• External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (eSATA)
o SATA is a computer bus port that connects Host Bus
Adapters to Storage devices.
o eSATA cards will take up a PCI or PCIe slot.
Network Cards
• Network Interface Controller (NIC) is a card that connects
the computer to a network.
o Connects via a wire based network
 Ethernet- frame-based technology
o NIC's are an OSI Layer 1, and layer 2 device
 Open Systems Interconnection Model (OSI) makes up
seven layers. Layer 1 is the physical layer, and layer 2
is the data link layer
o 48-bit serial number: Media Access Control (MAC)
Address
 Stored in ROM, every card has a unique address
 No 2 cards will have the same address.
Wireless NIC's
• Wireless Network Interface Controller (WNIC)
o NIC that connects to radio-based network.
o Works on OSI Layers 1 and 2.
o Uses antenna's to send signals through microwaves.
o Connects through PCI Slots, or USB.
Display Devices
• Three main types:
• Projectors
• CRT
• LCD
Projector
• Projects an image or moving images onto a surface usually a
projection screen
•
Been used throughout the 20th and 21st centuries in places such
as movie theatres and classrooms
CRT
• Stands for Cathode Ray Tube which is a vacuum consisting of one
or more electron guns
• Color CRT tubes use three different phosphors which emit red,
green and blue light
• CRTs have been phased out, mainly because of the advance of LCD
technology
LCD
• Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)- Thin Electronic Visual Display that uses light
properties of liquid crystals
o Six levels of display
 Polarizing filter with a vertical axis which polarizes light
 Glass Substrate with Vertical ridges that appear whtn the monitor
turns on
 Twisted nematic, which contains elements that twist and untwist at
different degrees to let light go through
 Glass substrate with horizontal ridges to line up with the filter
 Polarizing filter with a horizontal axis which blocks and passes light
 Reflective screen to send light back to the user.
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LCD_layers.svg

Resolution
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vector_Video_Standards2.svg
Contrast Ratio and Native Resolution
• Contrast Ratio
o Ratio of luminous intensity of white to black that the Monitor is
able to show
• Native Resolution
o LCD Monitors have a single fixed resolution
o While a CRT Monitor displays at different resolutions, an LCD
needs to have a scaling of the image which is lower quality
o http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nativeresolution_800x600_on_1024x768.JPG
Connection Devices
• VGA
• Component/RGB
• S-Video
• HDMI
• DVI
Types of DVI
Settings of the Monitor
• Refresh Rate- The Frame rate of how many times in a second that
the display device fraws the data
• Degaussing- Process of getting rid of magnetic field
• Multi-Monitor- use of multiple displays
o Monitors
o Television
o Projectors
"How to choose a video card"
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4qdRm3KkGV8
o Computer TV
Works Cited
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansion_card
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_card
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_controller
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAID
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_network_interface_card
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_communication
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_communication
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conventional_PCI
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCIe
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_Graphics_Port
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSI
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB
• Michael Meyers: A+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide, Seventh Edition , Mc Graw
Hill. ,February 2010
• http://www.slideshare.net/topitexam/cheattest-220601-comptia-a-practice-questions-andanswers-2009
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_display_resolutions#UXGA_.281600.C3.97120
0.29
Works Cited (cont.)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_resolution
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDMI
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vector_Video_Standards2.svg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component_video
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Visual_Interface