Transcript Document

Agricultural Biotechnology
in India
Sanjay Saxena
“Transgenics” or GMOs are
defined as those organisms with
a gene or genetic construct of
interest that has been introduced
by molecular or recombinant
DNA techniques
Transgenics
• The power of this technique lies in
its ability to move genes from one
organism to crop plants to impart
novel characteristics
• It is possible to transfer genetic
material from algae, bacteria,
viruses or animals to plants or to
move genes between sexually
incompatible species
Gene gun
Transformation by Gene gun
Application of GM technology
• Improving yield
• Nutritional improvement
• Increasing shelf life of fruits and vegetables by
delayed ripening
• Conferring resistance to insects, pests and
viruses
• Tolerance to abiotic stresses (drought, salt,
water-logging)
• Herbicide tolerance
• Edible vaccines
Control
Flaver Saver
GM crops : Global status (2005)
• Developing countries
:
11
• Industrial countries
:
10
• Countries joining the GM club in 2005
(Iran, Portugal, France & Czech Republic)
• No. of EU countries growing GM (2005) : 3 to 5
(Spain & Germany)
• No. of farmers growing GM crops globally :
8.5 million
• No. of Indian farmers growing GM crops :
1 million
• First triple gene product (maize) released in US
in 2005
Global area of Biotech crops in 2005
(Million hectares)
S. No. Country
Area
Crops
1.
USA
49.8 (55%) Soybean, Maize, Cotton, Canola,
Squash, Papaya
2.
Argentina
17.1 (19%) Soybean, Maize, Cotton
3.
Brazil
4.
Canada
5.8 (6%) Canola, Maize, Soybean
5.
China
3.3 (4%) Cotton
6.
Paraguay
1.8 (2%) Soybean
7.
India
1.3 (1%) Cotton
8.
South
Africa
0.5 (1%) Maize, Cotton, Soybean
9.
Uruguay
0.3 (< 1%) Maize, Soybean
10.
Australia
0.3 (< 1%) Cotton
9.4 (10%) Soybean
Global area of Biotech crops in 2005
(Million hectares)
S. No. Country
Area
Crops
11.
Mexico
0.1 (< 1%)
Soybean, Cotton
12.
Romania
0.1 (< 1%)
Soybean
13.
Philippines
0.1 (< 1%)
Maize
14.
Spain
0.1 (< 1%)
Maize
15.
Colombia
< 0.1
Cotton
16.
Iran
< 0.1
Rice
17.
Honduras
< 0.1
Maize
18.
Portugal
< 0.1
Maize
19.
Germany
< 0.1
Maize
20.
France
< 0.1
Maize
21.
Czech Republic
< 0.1
Maize
Dominant Biotech Crops, 2005
S.
No.
Crop
MHa
%Biotech
1
Herbicide tolerant soybean
54.4
60
2
Bt maize
11.3
13
3
Bt/herbicide tolerant maize
6.5
7
4
Bt cotton
4.9
5
5
Herbicide tolerant Canola
4.6
5
6
Bt/herbicide tolerant cotton
3.6
4
7
Herbicide tolerant maize
3.4
4
8
Herbicide tolerant cotton
1.3
2
Total
90.0
100%
Global value of Biotech crop market
Year
Value (Million $US)
1996
115
1997
842
1998
1973
1999
2703
2000
2734
2001
3235
2002
3656
2003
4152
2004
4663
2005
5248
Total
29321
VEGETABLES
Tomato, Potato, Eggplant
Lettuce, Celery, Cauliflower
Cabbage, Sugarbeet, Carrot,
Cucumbers, Sweetpotato,
Cassava
FRUITS
Apple, Strawberry,
Walnut, Muskmelon,
Papaya, Grape
Transgenic Crops
for Food
CEREALS
Wheat, Rice
Maize, Rye
LEGUMES
Soybean, Pigeon pea,
Chick pea
EDIBLE OILS
Mustard
Oilseed rape
Canola
Sunflower
Agencies of Public sector promoting
Agricultural Biotechnology
Ministry of Science and Technology
Department of Biotechnology
• Department of Science And Technology
• Department of Scientific and Industrial Research
(Council for Scientific and Industrial Research)
Ministry of Agriculture
• Department of Agricultural Research and Education
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research and Education)
Biotech Industry in India (2004-05)
Segment
Revenues ($ million)
2003-04
Market Share (%)
2004-05 2003-04 2004-05
Growth
(%)
BioPharma
625.45
811.36
79.19
75.24
29.72
BioServices
62.50
96.59
7.91
8.96
54.55
BioAgri
29.55
75.00
3.74
6.95
153.85
BioIndustrial
54.09
72.73
6.85
6.74
34.45
Bioinformatics
18.18
22.73
2.30
2.11
25.00
Total Industry
Size
789.77
1078.41
100.00
100.00
36.55
BioPharma corners three-fourth of Indian market ($811 million out of
$1070 million)
Transgenic research in India (Public Sector)
• AAU, Jorhat, Assam
• Bose Institute, Kolkata
• Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur
• Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla
• Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajahmundry
• Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad
• Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack
• Delhi University, South Campus, New Delhi
• Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad
• IARI, New Delhi
• IARI sub-station, Shillong
Transgenic research in India (Public Sector)
• International Centre for Genetic Engineering and
Biotechnology, New Delhi
• International Crop Research Institute for Semi-arid
Tropics, Hyderabad
• Indian Institute of Horticulture Research, Bangalore
• Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
• Madurai Kamraj University, Madurai
• Narendra Dev University of Agriculture, Faizabad
• National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow
• Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
• Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore
• TERI, New Delhi
• University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore
Transgenic research in India (Pvt. Sector)
• Ankur Seeds Limited, Nagpur
• Hybrid Rice International, Gurgaon
• Indo American Hybrid Seeds, Bangalore
• M/s MAHYCO, Mumbai
• Metahelix Life Sciences, Bangalore
• MAHYCO Research Foundation, Hyderabad
• Monsanto, Mumbai
• M/s Proagro PGS (India) Ltd., Gurgaon
• Syngenta India, Limited, Pune
• Sungro Seeds Ltd, New Delhi
Target crops for transgenic research
in India
• Cereals
Rice, Wheat, Maize
• Grain legumes
Chickpea, Mungbean,
Black gram, Pigeonpea
• Oilseeds
Mustard, Ground nut
• Vegetables
Brinjal, Tomato, Potato,
Chilli, Cabbage, Cauliflower
• Fruits
Papaya, Banana, Muskmelon
• Medicinal plants
Brahmi
• Others
Cotton, Coffee, Tobacco
Target traits
• Disease resistance
• Improving the quantity of the protein
• Increasing vitamin content
• Stress tolerance
• Herbicide resistance
• Delayed ripening
• Edible vaccine
Transgenic crops approved for field trials in 2005
Brinjal
• Mahyco, Mumbai
cry1Ac
• Sungro Seeds Ltd, New Delhi
cry1Ac
• IARI, New Delhi
cry1F
Cabbage
• Sungro Seeds Ltd, New Delhi
cry1Ac
Cauliflower
• Sungro Seeds Ltd, New Delhi
cry1Ac
Corn
• Monsanto, Mumbai
Cry1Ab
• Metahelix Life Sciences, Bangalore
Modified Mu-element
(Turbo-Mu)
Transgenic crops approved for field trials in 2005
Cotton
• Ajeet Seeds, Aurangabad
• Ankur Seeds P.Ltd., Nagpur
• M/s Bioseed Research India Pvt Ltd, Hyd
• M/s Emergent Genetics India P. Ltd, Hyd
• Ganga Kaveri Seeds Ltd, Hyderabad
• Green Gold Seeds Ltd, Aurangabad
• JK Agri Genetics, Hyderabad
• M/s Kaveri Seeds Co. P. Ltd, S’bad
• Krishidhan Seeds, Jalna
• Mahyco, Mumbai
• Metahelix Life Sciences, Bangalore
• Nandi Seeds Pvt. Ltd Mehbubnagar
• Namdhari Seeds Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore
cry1Ac, cryX
cry1Ac, cryX
cry1Ac, cryX
cry1Ac, cryX
cry1Ac
GFM cry1Aa
cry1Ac
cry1Ac
cry1Ac, cryX
cryX
cry1Ac
cry1Ac
cry1Ac
Transgenic crops approved for field trials in 2005
Cotton
• Nath Seeds, Aurangabad
• Nuziveedu Seeds, Hyderabad
• Prabhat Agri Biotech Ltd. Hyderabad
• Pravardhan Seeds Pvt. Ltd Hyderabad
• Proagro Seeds Co. Ltd Hyderabad
• Rasi Seeds Ltd., Attur
• Syngenta India Ltd., Pune
• Tulsi Seeds, Guntur
• UAS, Dharwad
• Vibha Agrotech Ltd. Hyderabad
• Vikki’s Agrotech, Hyderabad
• Vikram Seeds Ltd, Ahmedabad
• Zuari Seeds Ltd. Bangalore
GFM cry1Aa
cry1Ac, cryX
cry1Ac
cry1Ac
cry1Ac
cryX
Vip-3A
cry1Ac, cryX
cry1Ac
cry1Ac
cry1Ac
cry1Ac
GFM cry1Aa
Transgenic crops approved for field trials in 2005
Groundnut
• ICRISAT, Hyderabad
Mustard
• UDSC, New Delhi
Okra
• Mahyco, Mumbai
Pigeonpea
• ICRISAT, Hyderabad
• IARI, New Delhi
• Mahyco, Mumbai
• Metahelix Life Sciences, Bangalore
Tomato
• IARI, New Delhi
• Mahyco, Mumbai
Coat protein of IPCV,
Nucleo Capsid Protein
of PBNV
barnase & barstar
cry1Ac
cry1Ac
cry1Ac, cry1Aa + cry1B
cry1Ac
NHX gene
anti-sense replicase gene
of tomato leaf curl virus
cry1Ac
Bt cotton in India
Year
2002
Area under cultivation
(ha)
50,000
2003
100,000
2004
5,00,000
2005
13,00,000
Bt cotton producing states in India
State
• Maharashtra
• Andhra Pradesh
• Gujarat
• Madhya Pradesh
• Karnataka
• Tamil Nadu
• Northern states
Total
Area (M ha)
0.607
0.283
0.164
0.148
0.040
0.029
0.064
1.335
Bt cotton varieties approved for commercial
cultivation in various zones
S. No
Name of Hybrid
Name of Company
Zone
1
NCS – 207 Mallika
M/s Nuziveedu Seeds Ltd.
Central & South
2
NCS – 145 Bunny
M/s Nuziveedu Seeds Ltd.
Central & South
3
RCH 2 Bt
M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd
Central & South
4
RCH –144 Bt
M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd
Central
5
RCH –118 Bt
M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd
Central
6
RCH - 138 Bt
M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd
Central
7
RCH – 20 Bt
M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd
South
8
RCH – 368 Bt
M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd
South
9
RCH – 134 Bt
M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd
North
10
RCH – 317 Bt
M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd
North
Source : MoEF
Bt cotton varieties approved for commercial
cultivation in various zones
S. No
Name of Hybrid
Name of Company
Zone
11
MRC – 6322 Bt
M/s Mahyco
South
12
MRC – 6918 Bt
M/s Mahyco
South
13
MRC – 6301 Bt
M/s Mahyco
Central & North
14
MRC – 6304 Bt
M/s Mahyco
North
15
Ankur – 651 Bt
M/s Ankur Seeds Ltd
Central & North
16
Ankur 2534 Bt
M/s Ankur Seeds Ltd
North
17
Ankur – 09
M/s Ankur Seeds Ltd
Central
18
MECH 12 Bt*
M/s Mahyco
Central (renewed)
19
MECH 162 Bt*
M/s Mahyco
Central & South (renewed)
20
MECH 184 Bt*
M/s Mahyco
Central & South (renewed)
Central zone
South Zone
North Zone
: MP, Maharashtra & Gujarat
: AP, Karnataka & Tamil Nadu
: Punjab, Rajasthan & Haryana
* not renewed for AP
Bt cotton varieties approved for largescale trials during Kharif 2005
Central Zone
1.
VCH-111 Bt : M/s Vikki Agrotech Ltd
2.
GK- 204 Bt and GK- 205 Bt : M/s Ganga Kaveri Seeds
3.
PRCH-102 Bt : M/s. Paravardhan Seeds Pvt. Ltd
4.
NPH-2171 : M/s Prabhat Agri Biotech Ltd
5.
RCH 377 Bt and RCH – 386 Bt : M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd
6.
ACH-155-1 : M/s Ajeet Seeds
7.
Tulasi 4 Bt & Tulasi –117 Bt : M/s Tulasi Seeds Pvt. Ltd
8.
Brahma Bt : M/s Emergent Genetics India Pvt. Ltd
9.
NCS 913 Bt : M/s. Nuziveedu Seed Ltd
Bt cotton varieties approved for large-scale
trials during Kharif 2005
Central Zone
10. KDCHH - 9810 Bt, KDCHH-621 BG - II, KDCHH-441
BG- II :
M/s Krishidhan seeds Ltd
11. RCH 515 BGII : M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd
12. MRC- 7301 BG II, MRC-7326 BG II, MRC-7351 BG II,
MRC-7341 BG II and MRC-7347 BG II : M/s Mahyco,
13. JK-Varun and JKCH 99 Bt : M/s J.K. Seeds
14. NCEH-2R Bt : M/s. Nath Seeds Ltd
15. 02- 41 Vip : M/s Syngenta Seeds India Ltd
16. ACH –11-2 BG-II and ACH –155-2 BG –II : M/s Ajeet
Seeds Ltd.
17. VICH 5 and VICH 9 : M/s Vikram Seeds
Bt cotton varieties approved for large-scale
trials during Kharif 2005
South Zone
1.
GK-207 Bt and GK-209 Bt : M/s Ganga Kaveri Seeds
2.
NPH-2270 Bt and NPH-2171 Bt : M/s Prabhat Agri
Biotech Ltd
3.
PRCH-102 Bt and PRCH-103 Bt : M/s Paravardhan
Seeds Pvt. Ltd
4.
KDCHH-9632 Bt and KDCHH-9810 Bt : M/s Krishidhan
Seeds Ltd
5.
RCHB-708 Bt, RCHB-111 Bt and RCHB-371 Bt : M/s Rasi
Seeds Ltd
6.
NCS-913 Bt : M/s Nuziveedu Seeds Ltd
7.
Brahma Bt and Paras Laxmi : M/s Emergent Genetics
India Pvt. Ltd
Bt varieties approved for large-scale trials
during Kharif 2005
South Zone
8.
MRC-7160 BG-II, MRC-7201 BG-II, MRC-7351 BG-II &
MRC-7347 BG-II : M/s Mahyco
9.
RCH-530 BG-II & RCH-533 BG-II : M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd
10.
KDCHH-621 BG-II : M/s Krishidhan Seeds Ltd
11.
J.K. Durga Bt & JKCH-99 Bt : M/s J.K. Seeds Ltd
12.
NCEH-3R Bt : M/s Nath Seeds Ltd
13.
Bunny Vip (02-41 Vip) & 02-42 Vip : M/s Syngenta
Seeds Ltd
14.
VICH 5 & VICH 9 : M/s Vikram Seeds
Bt varieties approved for large-scale trials
during Kharif 2005
North Zone
1.
VICH 9 : M/s Vikram Seeds
2.
MRC 6025 BG-I, MRC 6029 BG-I : M/s Mahyco
3.
RCH 314 Bt & RCH 308 Bt : M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd.
4.
NCS 138 Bt and NCS 913 Bt : M/s Nuziveedu Seeds Ltd.
5.
MRC 7017 BG-II and MRC 7031 BG-II : M/s Mahyco
6.
JHCH 1947 Bt : M/s J.K Agri Seeds Ltd.
7.
NECH 6 R Bt : M/s Nath Seeds Ltd.
8.
02-58 vip-3 : M/s Syngenta Seeds India Ltd.
Kernel
Daffodils
Genes
Plasmids
Locally
important varieties
Hull
Agrobacteria
Embryo
1
Erwinia bacteria
2
3
4
Provitamin A
producing rice
embryo
ß-carotene rich Mustard oil