Transcript American History L to J Quiz

Literary Terms
L to J Quiz
L to J
Hannah Harris and Jacob Kluch
Horizon High School
Paradise Valley Unified School District
Phoenix, Arizona
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What is a wise saying or proverb; also a short
but memorable saying which holds some
important fact of experience that is considered
true by many people, or that has gained some
credibility through its long use
Ex: “There ain't no such thing as a free lunch.”
“Don’t count your chickens before they hatch.”
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Adage
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What is a form of extended metaphor in which
objects, persons, and actions in a narrative are
equated with the meanings that lie outside the
narrative itself? It communicates the message
by means of symbolic figures, actions or
symbolic representation.
Ex: "There are obvious layers of _______ [in the movie Avatar]. The Pandora woods
is a lot like the Amazon rainforest (the movie stops in its tracks for a heavy
ecological speech or two), and the attempt to get the Na'vi to 'cooperate' carries
overtones of the U.S. involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan."
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Allegory
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What is the repetition of initial
sounds in neighboring words?
Ex:"The soul selects her own society.”
Ex: ”A peck of pickled peppers."
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Alliteration
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What is a brief reference to a person,
event, or place, that can be real or
fictitious, or can be related to a work of
art?
Ex: Reference to Shakespeare, the Bible,
The Declaration of Independence, etc.
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Allusion
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What is a rhetorical term for all the ways that
an argument, explanation, or description can
be expanded and enriched?
("In ___________, writers repeat something they've just said, while adding more
details and information to the original description. . . .)
Ex: "Mr. and Mrs. Veneering were brand-new people in a brand-new
house in a brand-new quarter of London.”
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Amplification
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What is a word or phrase made by
transposing the letters?
Ex: Debit Card = Bad Credit
School Master = The Classroom
Election results = Lies – Let's Recount
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Anagram
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What is the transposition of normal
word order; most often found in Latin
in the case of prepositions and the
words they control?
Ex: "Intelligent she was not. In fact, she veered in the
opposite direction.”
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Anastrophe
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What is a little story, often amusing,
inserted in an essay or speech to help
reinforce the thesis?
Side note: A(n) ________ is always presented
as based on a real incident involving actual
persons, whether famous or not, usually in an
identifiable place.
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Anecdote
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What is a figure of speech that uses
an opposition or contrast of ideas for
effect? (It usually creates tension)
Ex: "When there is need of silence, you speak, and when
there is need of speech, you are dumb; when you are
present, you wish to be absent, and when absent, you desire
to be present; in peace you are for war, and in war you long
for peace; in council you descant on bravery, and in the
battle you tremble."
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Antithesis
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What is a figure of speech in which the
speaker expresses real or simulated
doubt or perplexity?
This rhetorical ploy can make the audience sympathetic
towards the speaker or his dilemma.
Ex: "I don't think it's proving anything, Doc. As a
matter of fact, I don't even know what it means. It's
just one of those things that gets in my head and
keeps rolling around in there like a marble."
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Aporia
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What is an universal symbol, story
pattern, theme, or character that
appears often in literature, film, and
art and is easily recognizable?
Ex: The Hero
A larger-than-life character that often goes on some kind of
journey or quest. In the course of his journey, the hero
demonstrates the qualities and abilities valued by his
culture-
King Arthur, Odysseus, Luke Skywalker, Frodo
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Archetype
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What is an actor’s speech, directed
to the audience, not to be heard by
others in the story?
Ex: Fight Club, and Ferris Bueller's Day Off
use this technique throughout.
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Aside
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What is the repetition of vowel
sounds?
(Different than the repetition of
consonant sounds as in
“consonance”)
Ex: "Flash with a rash gimme my cash flickin' my ash
Runnin with my money, son, go out with a blast."
(Busta Rhymes, "Gimme Some More")
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Assonance
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What is a stylistic scheme in which
conjunctions are deliberately
omitted from a series of related
causes?
Ex: Are veni, vidi, vici and its English translation "I
came, I saw, I conquered." Its use can have the effect
of speeding up the rhythm of a passage and making a
single idea more memorable.
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Asyndeton
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What is a prediction based on a
Bible Verse or literary passage
chosen at random?
Ex: "What the Vedas were to the Hindus, Homer
to the Greeks, and Ovid and Virgil to the
Romans, the Old Testament was to the Jews, the
Old and New Testaments to the Christians, and
the Koran.”
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Bibliomancy
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What is the term in poetry referring to
the use of words that combine sharp,
harsh, hissing, or unmelodious
sounds?
(It is the opposite of euphony)
Ex: "She sells sea shells by the sea shore."
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Cacophony
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What is a natural pause or break in
poetry, reading, or music?
In musical notation, _______ denotes
a brief, silent pause, during which
metrical time is not counted.
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Caesura
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What is a method used by a writer to
develop a character?
There can be indirect or direct __________.
Examples
(Direct) The author literally tells the audience what a
character is like. This may be done via the narrator, another
character or by the character him- or herself.
(Indirect) The audience must induce for themselves what the
character is like through the character’s thoughts, actions,
speech (choice of words, way of talking), looks and interaction
with other characters, including other characters’
reactions to that particular person.
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Characterization
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In rhetoric, a verbal pattern (a type of
antithesis) in which the second half of an
expression is balanced against the first with
the parts reversed. What is this called?
Ex: "In the end, the true test is not the speeches a
president delivers; it’s whether the president delivers on
the speeches."
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Chiasmus
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What is placing events in a story by order
of how they happened?
Side Note: You can also have Reverse __________ which is
a method of story-telling whereby the plot is revealed in
reverse order.
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Chronology
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What is the use of a long phrasing in
place of a possible shorter form of
expression; a roundabout or indirect
manner of writing or speaking?
Think inflammatory language.
Ex: “Body of liquid Hydrogen bonding molecules mixed
with Oxygen in a blue state of liquid above 32 degrees.”
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Circumlocution
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What is an overused expression that
has lost it’s freshness, force, and
appeal?
Ex: “Happy as a lark.”
"I'm high on life!"
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Cliché
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What is the point in the story that
generates the most interest; the most
exciting part of a story, drama, play,
etc?
The turning point in a literary work.
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Climax
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What is a word or phrase that is
common in everyday, unconstrained
conversation rather than in formal
speech, academic writing, or
paralinguistics?
These are sometimes referred to collectively as
"youknowhatitis language"
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Colloquialism
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What is the struggle found in fiction?
It is a concept in literary studies that
seeks to analyze plots by finding their
driving sources of _______.
Ex: Man v. Man, Man v. Self
Man v. Nature, Man v. Society
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Conflict
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What is the emotional implications
and associations that a word may carry,
in contrast to its denotative meanings?
An implied meaning of a word.
Think urbandictionary.com
“Yo, that is sick!”
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Connotation
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What is the literal meaning of a word,
the dictionary meaning?
Side Note: You know a phrase I never understood? King
size. It's used to denote something larger, but most of the
kings you see are short. You ever notice that? Usually a
king is a short little fat guy.
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Denotation
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What is an author’s word choice?
In its original, primary meaning, refers to the
writer's or the speaker's distinctive
vocabulary choices and style of expression in
a poem or story.
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Diction
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What is moving away from the main plot
or theme by preventing additional
information that may or may not be
relevant?
Laurence Sterne famously used the digression throughout
his work Tristram Shandy (1759) to produce a startling
unconventional narrative form; the story begins with a
description of the title character’s conception, but the
event of his birth is delayed for some 200 pages of asides
and anecdotes.
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Digression
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What is the double of a living
person, typically representing evil
or misfortune? The word has
come to refer to any double or
look-alike of a person.
Ex: Venom is the _____________ of Spiderman
Ex: Bizzaro is the _____________ of Superman
Ex: Incredible Hulk
Ex: Fight Club
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Doppelganger
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What is an occasion in a play, film, or
other work in which a character's words
or actions convey a meaning unperceived
by the character but understood by the
audience?
In There's Something About Mary (1998), Ted thinks he's
been arrested for picking up a hitchhiker while the
audience knows he's being questioned by police about a
murder. His otherwise innocent lines, such as “I've done it
several times before” and “It's no big deal,” generate
laughter from the audience.
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Dramatic Irony
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What is a speech that expresses a
character’s feelings and gives the
audience insight into the character’s
feelings?
Also linked with soliloquies such as in Macbeth,
when Lady Macbeth reads a letter to herself and
then speaks her thoughts as though she is thinking.
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Dramatic Monologue
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What is a mournful, melancholy
poem like a funeral song or a lament
for the dead?
Ex: "Here Captain! dear father!/This arm beneath
your head;/It is some dream that on deck,/You've
fallen cold and dead."-"O Captain! My Captain!" by
Walt Whitman.
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Elegy
Not to be confused with eulogy.
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What is a short poem or speech spoken
directly to the audience following the
conclusion of a play?
Ex: In films, the final scenes may feature a montage of
images or clips with a short explanation of what happens
to the characters. American Graffiti, National Lampoon's
Animal House, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Four
Weddings and a Funeral, and Changeling are examples of
such films.
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Epilogue
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What is a short descriptive phrase
that points out traits associated with
a certain person or thing?
In contemporary usage, it often carries a negative
connotation and is treated as a synonym for "term of
abuse”
Ex: Alfred the Great, William the Conqueror, Ivan
the Terrible, Mr. Kluch the Awesomest, Ms. Harris
the Horrible.
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Epithet
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What is a deliberately misleading
statement that is only half true?
Side Note: Is classified as both a formal and
informal logical fallacy.
Ex: Everything that runs has feet. The river
runs. Therefore the river has feet.
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Equivocation
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What is the substitution of an
agreeable or less offensive
expression?
The substitution of an inoffensive term (such as "passed away")
for one considered offensively explicit ("died").
Dr. House: “Who were you going to kill in Bolivia? My old
housekeeper?”
Dr. Terzi: “We don't kill anyone.”
Dr. House: “I'm sorry--who were you going to marginalize?”
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Euphemism
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What is the agreeableness of sound,
pleasing effect to the ear, especially a
pleasant sounding or harmonious
combination or succession of words?
Ex: The majestic ______ of Milton's poetry.
Think sound tracks, Rudi, Harry Potter, etc.
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Euphony
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What is the part of a literary piece that
provides the background information
necessary to understand characters and their
actions?
Sometimes movies will show a scene before
providing the title and opening credits.
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Exposition
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What is a fictional story with
animals?
(Also myths and a narrative meant to
teach a moral lesson)
Ex: The Lion and the Mouse.
The Rabbit and the Turtle
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Fable
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What is the series of events that take
place after the climax?
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Falling Action
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What is a type of exaggerated
comedy that features an absurd
plot, ridiculous situations, and
humorous dialogue?
Think comedies like Three Stooges
and The Hangover.
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Farce
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What is the form of any narrative
that deals, in part or in whole, with
information or events that are not
factual, but rather, imaginary—that
is, invented by the author?
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Fiction
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What is symbolic language that
literary devices use to create special
effects of feelings; this symbolic
language makes comparisons,
exaggerates and means different
things based on its context?
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Figurative Language
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What are literary devices used to
create special effects or feelings
by making comparisons or
exaggerations?
A word or words diverging from its
usual meaning.
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Figures of Speech
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Who is a character who serves as a
contrast to another perhaps more
primary character, so as to point
our specific traits of the primary
character?
Ex: Sherlock Holmes, is tall and lean; his right-hand
man Doctor Watson, meanwhile, is often described as
middle-sized, strongly built.
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Foil
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What is an action that
interrupts to show an event that
happened at an earlier time?
Ex: One of the most famous examples of nonchronological flashback is in the Orson Welles' film
Citizen Kane (1941).
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Flashback
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What is the basic metrical unit
that generates a line of verse?
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Foot
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What is the method used to build
suspense by providing hints for
what is to come?
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Foreshadowing
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What is separation of words that
belong together, often to emphasize
the first of the separated words or to
create a certain image?
Ex: "Object there was none. Passion there was
none. I loved the old man."
(Edgar Allan Poe, "The Tell-Tale Heart")
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Hyperbaton
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What is a figure of speech (a form of
irony) in which exaggeration is used
for emphasis or effect; an extravagant
statement?
“I had to walk 15 miles to school in the snow,
uphill.”
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Hyperbole
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What is vivid descriptive language
that appeals to one or more of the
senses (sight, hearing, touch,
smell, and taste)?
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Imagery
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What is a judgment based on
reasoning rather than on direct or
explicit statements?
Ex: Just because the famous actor was seen in
the jewelry store, all the tabloids reported
that he’s going to ask his singer girlfriend to
marry him.
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Inference
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What is a rhyme within a line?
Ex: Try the song "Ricky Ticky Tock" by Eminem.
The line "Anybody I throw flames at gets a name it's a
game.”
"ame" is repeated in the middle of the line, as well as
the end
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Internal Rhyme
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What is the use of words to convey the
opposite of their literal meaning; a
statement or situation where the
meaning is contradicted by the
appearance or presentation of the idea?
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Irony
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What is the placement of two unlike
things (usually abstract concepts, though
it can refer to physical objects) near each
other?
Ex: Lost-BLACK/WHITE
Bernard uses black rocks (on the white sand) in order to build his
sign. ("S.O.S.")
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Juxtaposition
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Using figurative language instead
of concrete single-word nouns
is____?
Ex: raven= swan of blood
the sun= sky-candle
wind= breaker of trees
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Kennings
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What is a rhetorical effect when an idea is
expressed by a denial of its opposite,
principally via double negatives?
For example, rather than saying that something is
attractive (or even very attractive), one might
merely say it is "not unattractive."
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Litotes
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What is substituting a word for
another word closely associated
with it?
Ex: "crown" for "royalty"
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Metonymy
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What is an act or habit of misusing
words ridiculously, especially by
the confusion of words that are
similar in sound?
Ex: “…promise to forget this fellow - to illiterate
him from your memory.”
Correct word: obliterate
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Malapropism
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What is a form of autobiographical
writing in which a person recalls
significant events in his or her life?
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Memoir
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What is a literary figure of speech that
refers to one thing as something else,
especially when comparing two
things?
Ex: “The goalkeeper was a rock”
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Metaphor
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What is the emotional attitude
the author takes toward his/her
subject?
Ex: "Ask not what your country can do for you. Ask what
you can do for your country."
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Mood
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What is a recurrent thematic
element in an artistic or literary
work?
(A dominant theme or central idea)
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Motif
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What is the opening of the story that
grabs the reader’s attention?
Ex: “It was a bright cold day in April, and
the clocks were striking thirteen” (1984,
by George Orwell).
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Narrative Hook
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What is it when a character rejects
the strict sets of rules that “the
world” has defined as a way to live
life?
Negative Capability
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Menu
What is the principle of retributive
justice by which good characters are
rewarded and bad characters are
appropriately punished? Or what is a
“fancy” name for enemies?
Ex:
The crew of Ocean’s 11 and Terry Benedict
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Nemesis
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What is a figure of speech that
combines contradictory terms?
Ex: open secret, clearly confused, act naturally, Hell's
Angels, deafening silence, seriously funny, jumbo shrimp,
unbiased opinion, virtual reality,
same difference
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Oxymoron
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What is a word that imitates the
sound it represents?
Ex: "Plop, plop, fizz, fizz, oh what a relief it
is."
(slogan of Alka Seltzer, U.S.)
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Onomatopoeia
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Giving human qualities to inanimate
objects in a broad and allusive way is
what?
Ex: "The stars will awaken / Though the moon sleep a full
hour later"—Percy Bysshe Shelley
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Pathetic Fallacy
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What is a brief story meant to
teach a lesson?
Ex: “The Boy Who Called Wolf”
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Parable
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It reveals a kind of truth, which
at first seems contradictory; two
opposing ideas. It is a ____?
Ex: How can Bumblebees fly?
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Paradox
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What is a figure of speech in which the latter
part of a sentence or phrase is surprising or
unexpected in a way that causes the reader
or listener to reframe or reinterpret the first
part? It is frequently used for humorous or
dramatic effect.
"If I could just say a few words... I'd be a better public speaker."
—Homer Simpson
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Paraprosdokian
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What is adding in words to extend
your message?
In rhetoric, it’s a roundabout
description of something.
Ex: "The Denver Post elongated
'mustache' into 'under-nose hair crops.'
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Periphrasis
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What is the voice “through which the
author speaks?”
Persona Narrator
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Menu
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Menu
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What is giving human qualities to
animals or objects in a direct and
detailed way?
Personification
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What is an introduction or
preface, especially a poem
recited to introduce a play or
story called?
Ex: "A long time ago in a galaxy far,
far away...."
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Prologue
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Who is the hero or central
character of a literary work?
Ex: Captain Jack Sparrow, Harry
Potter, etc. (thousands more)
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Protagonist
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What is a sacred song or rhyme?
(Think religious books)
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Psalm
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What is a false name or alias used
by a writer?
(Can even be a character in a
story)
Woody Allen= Allen Stewart Konigsberg Actor / director
Jennifer Aniston= Jennifer Anistonapoulos / Actress
Mel Brooks= Melvin Kaminsky Actor / Director
Snoop Doggy Dogg= Calvin Broadus / Singer
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Pseudonym
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What are words that mean more than
two things?
Also called paronomasia, is a form of word play
which suggests two or more meanings, by
exploiting multiple meanings of words, or of
similar-sounding words, for an intended
humorous or rhetorical effect.
Ex: Last week I was diagnosed with insomnia,
now I'm just so tired of it.
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Pun
and
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What is the recurrence of
words, phrases, or lines?
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Repetition
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What is a question to which no
answer is expected because the
answer is obvious?
Ex: Is U of A better than ASU?
Duh.. Of course, this question did not need to be
asked. It is considered to be _________.
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Rhetorical Question
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What is the similarity between
the syllable sounds at the end of
two or more lines?
(Think basic) “Busta ____”
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Rhyme
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What is the appearance of truth
within writing?
This word is a semblance of truth;
likelihood; probability, real.
Verisimilitude
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What is a text or performance that
uses irony, derision, or wit to
expose or attack human vice,
foolishness, or stupidity?
(Can use irony, parody, sarcasm)
Ex: All Austin Powers
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Satire
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What is the time and place in
literature?
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Setting
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What is the comparison of two
unlike things using LIKE or AS?
Ex: "Life is like an onion: You peel it
off one layer at a time, and sometimes
you weep."
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Simile
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A form of poetry that has 14 lines
and follows a strict rhyme scheme
and specific structure, typically
uses iambic pentameter.
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Sonnet
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What is the shuffling of the first letters of
words to make different words, and therefore
change the actual meaning of the sentence,
or else produce a humorous, non-sensual
sound?
Ex: fighting a liar lighting a fire you hissed my mystery
lecture you missed my history lecture cattle ships and
bruisers battle ships and cruisers
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Spoonerism
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What is an unified group of lines
in poetry?
(Think Basic)
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Stanza
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What is a person, place, or object
that has a concrete meaning in
itself and also stands for
something beyond itself, such as
an idea or feeling?
Ex: Colors (Red, Black, White, Yellow, Etc.)
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Symbol
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What is a device in literature where an
object represents an idea?
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Symbolism
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What is understanding one thing with
another; the use of a part for the whole, or the
whole for the part?
Referring to people according to a single characteristic:
"the gray beard" representing an older man or "the long
hair" representing a hippie.
Describing a complete vehicle as "wheels"
Calling workers "hands", e.g. Many hands make light
work; All hands on deck!
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Synecdoche
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What is the way in which
linguistic elements are put
together to form phrases or
clauses? (word order matters)
Ex: The young man carries the lady. vs. The lady
carries the young man.
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Syntax
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What is the attitude a writer takes towards
a subject or character?
Ex: serious, humorous, sarcastic, ironic,
satirical, tongue-in-cheek, solemn, and
objective
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Theme
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What is a written record or
words originally spoken aloud?
(Meant to be passed on)
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Transcript
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What is a statement that
lessens or minimizes the
importance of what is meant?
(Underscores the situation…)
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Understatement
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