Transcript Dia 1

PM2.5
Target value
Limit Value
25µg/m³ 01/01/2010
25µg/m³ 01/01/2015
20µg/m³ 01/01/2020
Exposure concentration obligation (city BG)
20µg/m³ 01/01/2015
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PM2.5 locations 2007
2
PM2.5 yearly averages 2000-2007
Gemeente
Hasselt
Borgerhout
Code
N045
R801
Mechelen-Technopolis
Houtem
Evergem
R841
N029
R731
Type monitor
ESM
ESM
Mechelen-Zuid
Kortrijk
ESM
ESM
ESM
TEOM
ML01 TEOM-FDMS
KO01
TEOM
Mechelen-Nekkerspoel
Menen
Zaventem
ML02
MN01
SZ01
TEOM
TEOM
TEOM
Concentratie (µg/m³)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
26
22
23
21
28
25
26
25
24
24
3
28
-
27
31
-
25
33
28
22
19
27
27
26
22
21
25
21
27
27
29
30
29
26
25
24
24
21
21
26
21
-
24
20
24
19
-
26
25
24
Additional PM2.5 measurements
• 5 Stations started in 2008 in the Antwerp
harbour
• 4 Stations started in 2009 for determination of
AEI on urban background locations.
• Locations:
• Antwerp agglomeration: 2 stations
• Ghent: 1 station
• Bruges: 1 station
• Measuring method: gravimetric method
• 1 Station in a rural background area for the
determination of the chemical composition
4
Comparative measurements PM2.5 in 2009
• BAM1020 (Met One) vs reference on 3
places
• TEOM-FDMS vs reference on 3 places
• ESM FH 62 I-R vs reference on 2 places
• Pall Tissue kwarts vs Pall teflon on 2
places
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Equivalence tests
PM2.5
• ESM: 1.46
• TEOM-FDMS: 1.08 => 1.00
• TEOM: 1.75
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Equivalence tests
PM10
• ESM: 1.37
• TEOM: 1.47
• TEOM-FDMS: 1.00
• 1.12: quartz
• 1.01: teflon
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COSTS PM2.5 - Monitors
Monitor Invest.
Maint.
Energy
VTE
TEOMFDMS
34.000
10.000
282
0,03
ESM
TEI62IR
27.000
4.250
16
0,03
BAM1020
17.125
FAISWAM5
ADC
33.000
GRIMM 180
28.000
2.950
5
0,025
BTW excl.
GRIMM180: PM10 + PM2.5
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COSTS PM2.5 - Gravimetry
4 Stations
Investment samplers (10yr):
5.300,-
Maintenance – working costs:
10.000,-
Personal costs:
1VTE
Investment gravimetry:
50.000,-
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Chemical characterisation: How much versus
What
• How much? (EU-legislation)  What? (science) !
bodemstof
(diesel)soot
 “Chemkar PM10” project
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Chemical Characterisation of PM10
• What ?
• Elements (Al, As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, P,
Pb, Pd, Pt, Rh, Si, Ti, V, Zn)
• Water-soluble ions (NH4+,NO3-, SO42-,Cl-,…)
• EC/OC
• Genotoxical tests
(VITO & UA)
• PAHs
(VMM Ghent)
• Isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N) (JRC-IRMM)
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Chemical Characterisation of PM10
• Why?
• What?
• How?
•
•
•
•
•
PM mass: gravimetric
Ions: IC
EC/OC: TOT* (NIOSH program, Sunset Lab)
Elements: XRF
PAH: GC-MS
* Thermo-optical transmission
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ChemChar of PM10
1. Secundaire anorg. ionen
(=nitraat, sulfaat, ammonium)
>> 41% (12,6 µg/m3)
andere
14%
organische massa
20%
2. Organische massa
>> 20% (6,1 µg/m3)
3. Bodemstof
>> 14% (4,3 µg/m3)
elementaire koolstof
4%
bodemstof
14%
4. Zeezout
>> 8% (2,4 µg/m3)
5. Elementaire koolstof (roet)
>> 4% (1,2 µg/m3)
zeezout
8%
sulfaat
12%
ammonium
7%
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nitraat
21%