Transcript Document

Teaching Courseware:
New Business English
Intensive Reading
Book One
B
1
全
国新
商编
商
务务
英英
语
语精
研读
究第
会一
推册
荐
教
材
New Business English
Intensive Reading
Book One
B
2
10 Air Travel
7 Body Language
9 Telephone Calls
6 Jewelry
8 Manners
3
New Business English
Intensive Reading
Book One
Unit Six
Jewelry
Unit Seven
Body Language
B
Unit Eight
Manners
Picture--Word
Associating Game
Unit Six
Unit Seven
Unit Eight
Unit Nine
Telephone Calls
Unit Ten
Air Travel
Unit Nine
Unit Ten
4
Warm—up
Text
Unit Six --- Reading I
Diamond-- cutter
Ephraim
Translation
Notes
New Word
Examples
Exercises
Extended
Activities
5
Text
Diamond-cutter Ephraim
１. There was a man called Ephraim who
lived in Johannesburg. His father was to do
with diamonds, as had been his father. The
family were immigrants. This is still true of all
people from Johannesburg, a city a little over
a century old. Ephraim was a middle son, not
brilliantor stupid, not good or bad. He was
nothing in particular. His brothers became
diamond merchants, but Ephraim was not
cut out for anything immediately obvious,
and so at last
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he was apprenticed to an uncle to learn the
trade of diamond-cutting.
pendant
项饰
2. To cut a diamond perfectly is an act like a
samurai’s sword-thrust, or a master archer’s
centered arrow. When an important diamond
is shaped a man may spend a week, or even
weeks, studying it, accumulatingpowers of
attention, memory, intuition, till he has
reached that moment when he finally knows
that a tap , no more, at just that point of
tension in the stone will split it exactly so.
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earrings
耳环
3. While Ephraim learned to do this, he lived at
home in a Johannesburg suburb; and his
brothers and sisters married and had families.
He was the son who took his time about getting
married, and about whom the family first joked,
saying that he was choosy ; and then they
remained silent when others talked of him with
that edge on their voices, irritated, a little
malicious, even frightened, which is caused by
those men and women who refuse to fulfill the
ordinary purposes of nature. The kind ones
said he was a good son, working nicely under
his uncle Ben, and living
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Respectably at home, and on Sunday nights
playing poker with bachelor friends he was
twenty-five, then thirty, thirty-five, forty. His father
became old and died, and he lived in the family
house. People stopped noticing him. Nothing
was expected of him.
4. Then a senior person became ill, and
Ephraim was asked to fly in his stead to
Alexandria for a special job. A certain rich
merchant of Alexandria had purchased an uncut
diamond as a present for his daughter, who was
to be married shortly. He wished only the best
for The diamond. Ephraim, revealed by this
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happening as one of the world’s master diamondcutters, flew to Egypt, spent some days in communion
with the stone in a quiet room in the merchant’s house,
and then caused it to fall apart into three lovely pieces.
These were for a ring and earrings.
5. Now he should have flown home again; but the
merchant asked him to dinner. An odd chance that—
unusual. Not many people got inside that rich closed
world. But perhaps the merchant had become infected
by the week of rising tension while Ephraim became
one with the diamond in a quiet room.
6. At dinner Ephraim met the girl for whom the jewels
were destined .
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译 文:
钻 石 切 割 匠，艾 福 瑞 姆
1
有一名叫 Ephraim人，住在约翰内斯堡。他的父亲像爷爷
一样，是做有关钻石生意的。他们家是移民。所有约翰内斯
堡的人都是移民， 这是一个有百年多历史的城市。 Ephraim
是一个中等模样的儿子，不很聪明也不傻，不是很好也不差。
他并没有什么特别。他的兄弟成了钻石商人，但Ephraim还没
明显表现出天生适合做什么事的才能，所以，后来他给一个
叔叔当学徒，学习钻石切割的贸易。
2
完美地切割钻石就像武士击剑或一个熟练的弓箭手射中
靶心。当要切割一个重要的钻石时，工匠可能要花一个星期，
甚至数周来研究，来积蓄注意力、经验、直觉，直到他能感
知那轻轻的一敲，不再重复，恰好使钻石张力断开。
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3
当 Ephraim学习切割时，他住在约翰内斯堡郊区的家里；
他的兄弟姐妹都结婚有孩子了。在婚事上，他是一个不着急的人；
起初，家人开他的玩笑，说他太挑剔；后来，当别人用尖刻的语
气、恼怒的态度、带点恶意的攻击、甚至因他人不履行自然义务
而害怕地议论他时，他们家人保持沉默了。好心的人说，他是个
好儿子，跟他叔叔工作得很好，他在家里体面地生活着，星期天
晚上去和单身汉朋友打扑克。他有25岁了，然后是30岁，35岁，
40岁。他的父亲年老并去世了，他独自在家居住。人们不再注意
他了，对他也不报什么希望。
4
后来有位资深工匠生病了，要求 Ephraim替他飞往亚历山
大去做件特别的工作。某个亚历山大的富商买了块未切割的钻石
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作为他送女儿的礼物，她不久就要结婚了。他想把钻石做成
最好的。这一次，Ephraim 以世界级钻石切割大师的身份，
飞往埃及；在富商的一个安静屋子里，他花了几天工夫研究
这块宝石；然后，让它恰到好处地劈为三分，分别用于做戒
指和耳环。
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现在，他本该再飞回家了，但富商却要求他共进晚餐。
这可是不寻常的机会。不是很多人能够进入富商封闭的世界
的。也许是因为富商被那周的紧张气氛感染了，Ephraim在
一个安静的房间里聚精会神，与钻石融为一体。
6
晚宴上，Ephraim见到了富商的女儿，钻石首饰的主人。
译者：周 荆 洪
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Warm--up
1. Work with your partner and write out the words about jewelry:
What You Wear:
ring 戒指,
bracelet 手链,手镯,
necklace 项链, earrings 耳环,
hair pin 发夹,
brooch 胸针,
pendant 项饰;
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What They Are Made of :
karat gold K 金,
pure silver 纯银,
platinum 白金,
pearl 珍珠,
diamond 钻石,
amber 琥珀,
coral 珊瑚,
shell 贝壳,
ruby 红宝石,
amber 琥珀
diamond 钻石
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emerald 翡翠,
jade玉,
crystal 水晶,
sapphire 蓝宝石,
topaz 黄宝石,
emerald 祖母绿,绿宝石,
jet 黑玉,
marble 大理石,
quartz 石英，
zircon 锆石,
period 橄榄石,
garnet 石榴石,
gemstone 散发宝石.
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2. Pairwork:
1) What is the hardest substance found in nature?
2) What do you know about diamond?
3) Why is a diamond so precious?
4) Why do many people prefer to use diamonds for jewelry?
5) In what ways can you estimate the value of a diamond?
Diamond is a clear, very hard and valuable stone, used in
jewelry and in industry.
Diamond was discovered in 500 B.C. in India. The name
“diamond” comes from the Greek word “adamas” which means
unconquerable-----suggesting the eternity of love .
Diamond is composed of a single element, the purest of all
gemstones玉石 . It’s a colorless stone. Some other occasional
colors are; blue, yellow, amber , red, green, pink.
The value of a diamond, 4C’s:
Cut , Clarity , Color , Carat Weight
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Notes
1. Johannesburg: the largest city in South Africa founded in
1886 after gold was discovered in the area. (约翰内斯堡)
2. as had been his father: just as Ephraim’s father, that is,
Ephraim’s grandfather, had worked with diamonds.
3. but Ephraim was not cut out for anything immediately obvious:
At that time, it was not clear what particular job was suitable
for Ephraim.
4. sword-thrust: a sudden, forceful push of sword
5. master archer: a very good archer with a lot of skill.
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6. centered arrow: the arrow that hits at the center (the inner
ring) of the target.
7. take one’s time: not in a hurry.
8. refuse to fulfill the ordinary purposes of nature: refuse to
get married and have children.
9. with that edge on their voice: talk with a sharp tone (of his
unwillingness to get married soon)
10. Nothing was expected of him: His family members didn’t
expect him to make any great achievements in his career.
11. Alexandria: a port in the north of Egypt. (亚历山大)
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12. …spent some days in communion with the
stone: …spent some days studying the diamond closely and
trying to figure out how to cut it; He was so absorbed in his
job that the diamond seemed to communicate with each
other.
13. rich closed world: the rich merchant’s house which few
people had the chance to get in and know about.
14. infected by the week of rising tension: the anxiety of the
merchant increased during the week while Ephraim was
doing diamond cutting.
15. become one with the diamond: Ephraim was so
absorbed in his diamond-cutting that he and the diamond
seemed to have merged into one physical being.
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New Words
1. immigrant n. 移民
2. brilliant a. 极聪明的
3. merchant n. 商人
4. apprentice v. 当学徒
5. samurai n. 武士
6. thrust n. 刺戳
7. archer n. 弓箭手
8. arrow n. 箭
9.accumulate v. 积聚
10. intuition n. 直觉
11. tap n. 轻敲
12. tension n. 张力
11. split v. （使）裂开
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14. choosy a. 挑剔的
15.edge n. 尖刻
16. irritated a. 恼怒的
17. malicious a. 恶意的
18. fulfil v. 履行责任
19. respectably ad. 体面的
20. poker n. 扑克牌游戏
21. bachelor n. 单身汉
22. shortly ad.
23. reveal v. 显示（出）
24. communion n. 交流
25. earring n. 耳环
26. odd a. 不寻常的
27. infect v. 感染
28. destined a. 预定的
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1. be to do with 与……有关
2. be cit out for 有从事（某种工作）的才能
3. Joke about (sth.) / with (sb.)
拿谋事开玩笑，与某人开玩笑
4. in someone’s stead
5. in communion with 与……感情思想交流
6. fail apart 分裂
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Unit
Six
What words can you associate with the pictures?
choosy a.
malicious a.
reveal v.
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intuition n.
merchant n.
brilliant a.
infect v.
destined a.
samurai n.
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archer n.
arrow n.
accumulate v.
bachelor n.
shortly ad.
communion n.
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fulfil v.
respectably ad.
odd a.
thrust n.
tension n.
earring n.
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edge n.
irritated a.
split v.
immigrant n.
apprentice n.
poker n.
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New Words
1. immigrant n. 移民
2. brilliant a. 极聪明的
3. merchant n. 商人
4. apprentice v. 当学徒
5. samurai n. 武士
6. thrust n. 刺戳
7. archer n. 弓箭手
8. arrow n. 箭
9. accumulate v. 积聚
10. intuition n. 直觉
11. tap n. 轻敲
12. tension n. 张力
11. split v. （使）裂开
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14. choosy a. 挑剔的
15. edge n. 尖刻
16. irritated a. 恼怒的
17. malicious a. 恶意的
18. fulfil v. 履行责任
19. respectably ad. 体面的
20. poker n. 扑克牌游戏
21. bachelor n. 单身汉
22. shortly ad.
23. reveal v. 显示（出）
24. communion n. 交流
25. earring n. 耳环
26. odd a. 不寻常的
27. infect v. 感染
28. destined a. 预定的
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1. be to do with 与……有关
2. be cit out for 有从事（某种工作）的才能
3. joke about (sth.) / with (sb.)
拿谋事开玩笑，与某人开玩笑
4. in someone’s stead
5. in communion with 与……感情思想交流
6. fail apart 分裂
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Examples
1. words related to jewels:
precious stone 宝石
gem 宝石；珠宝
ruby 红宝石
sapphire 蓝宝石
emerald 祖母绿；绿宝石
opal 蛋白石
jade 玉，翡翠
amber 琥珀
jet 黑玉
topaz 黄晶，黄玉
pearl 珍珠
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2. His father was to do with diamonds:
When you say somebody is to do with something, it means he is
destined to be related to something.
e.g. Their conversation had been largely to do with work.
I’m sorry about the accident, but it’s nothing to do with me.
3. as had been his father: In this sentence, “as” is used to introduce a
nonrestrictive attributive clause. This usage is frequently found in
English.
e.g. Sophia is not unconscious, as could be judged from her eyes.
He is absent, as is often the case.
When “as” is used to introduce attributive clauses, it is more often
found together with “such” or “same”.
e.g. He is not such a fool as he looks.
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4. be true of / for: Something that is true of a group of people
relates to all the people in that group.
e.g. Parents of young children often become depressed, and
this is especially true of single parents.
I’m very sorry that you’ve decided to leave, and I’m sure that
holds true for everyone else here.
5. brilliant VS stupid: These two words are opposite in meaning
when used to modify a person.
e.g. a brilliant idea / invention / scientist
a stupid person / idea
It was stupid of you to turn it upside down without closing the lid.
6. in particular: especially.
e.g. I noticed his eyes in particular, because they were such an
unusual color.
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7. be cut out for sth. / to do sth.: 天生适合于
e.g. I’m not cut out for city life.
Bill was never cut out to be a parent.
8. be apprenticed to : 成为学徒
e.g. She was apprenticed to a plumber(管道工)。
“apprentice(学徒)” can be also used as a noun.
e.g. an apprentice electrician 电工学徒
take on a new apprentice 收学徒
9. intuition n. 直觉（力）
e.g. know sth. by intuition
base one’s judgment on intuition
My intuition told me he wasn’t to be trusted.
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10. tension
1) n. 张力
e.g. The wire will take 50 pounds tension before breaking.
2) n. (金属线、绳索、人体等) 绷紧（的程度）
e.g. When he tightened the guitar string, it snapped under the
tension.
3) n. 紧张；焦虑；焦急
e.g. Tension mounted (=increased) as we waited for the exam
results to be published.
4) n. (一般用复数)紧张关系；紧张局势
e.g. reduce/ defuse international tension 缓和/消除国际紧张局势
The border dispute has been a continuing source of tension.
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11. split vi / vt. 分裂；分开
e.g. Rutherford discovered how to split the atom by fission(裂变)。
The river splits into three smaller streams at this point.
12. had families: had children (family=children).
e.g. Have you any family?
13. take one’s time: 拖拉，慢吞吞
e.g. The workmen seem to be taking their time over repairing the road.
14. joke about/ with: 开玩笑；说笑话
e.g. You must not joke with him about religion.
15. choosy a. 挑剔的；难伺候的
e.g. He is very choosy about what he eats.
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16. edge n. 尖刻
e.g. The remark has a biting edge to it.评语很尖刻。
17. irritate vt. 激怒；使烦躁
e.g. Her habit of biting her nails irritates me.
irritable a. 易怒的；易躁的
e.g. He gets irritable when he’s got toothache.
irritation n. 激怒；恼怒；生气
e.g. “Don’t be so silly! ” he said with some irritation.
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18. malicious a. 恶意的；恶毒的
e.g. a malicious attack on his reputation
malice n. 恶意；害人之心
e.g. He got no advantage out of it; he did it from pure malice.
19. bachelor:
1) n. 未婚男子；单身汉
e.g. a bachelor flat 单身公寓
2) n. 拥有学士学位的人
e.g. a Bachelor of Arts 文学士
a Bachelor of Science 理学士
bachelor’s degree学士学位
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20. in someone’s stead: （正式）代替某人
e.g. The president is unable to attend, but will send the foreign
minister in his stead.
21. in communion with: (formal) in special relationship with
someone or something which makes you feel that you understand
them very well.
e.g. He lived in close communion with nature / God.
commune v. 密切关系
e.g. Lying in the grass, among the trees and birds, he felt he had
communed with nature.
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22. fall apart: to break (into pieces).分裂；破碎；崩溃
e.g. The old book fell apart in my hands.
23. He should have flown home again: “should have +V-ed” refers to
obligation unfulfilled, that is, an action which should take place in the
past was actually not performed.
e.g. You should have switched off the electric current.
你本应该把电源切断。
24. odd a. 不寻常的；古怪的
e.g. odd behavior /people
It’s very odd that she didn’t answer my phone.
odd number 奇数
odd jobs 零活
odds and ends 零碎的东西
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25. an odd chance that---unusual: “that” here is an adverb of
degree, which means “so” or “ to such a degree”.
e.g. It wasn’t that good, actually.
We haven’t seen all that much of her recently.
26. destined a. 预定的；注定的； 命中注定的
e.g. They were destined never to see each other again.
Beautiful and young, she seems destined for stardom at
Holly wood.
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27. infect
1) vt. （感情上）感染（别人）
e.g. She infected the whole class with her enthusiasm.
2) vt. （疾病）传染（别人）
e.g. The open wood soon became infected.
Infection n. 传染；感染
e.g. a lung/chest infection
infectious a. 传染性的
e.g. Colds are infectious.
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Exercises
Ⅰ. Read the text carefully again and discuss the following questions.
Ⅱ. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
Ⅲ. Give the English words or phrases according to the meanings
provided.
Ⅳ. Put the following words or expressions from the text in the blanks
to complete the sentences. Make changes where necessary.
Ⅴ. Rewrite the following sentences and replace the underlined words
with appropriate words or phrases from the text.
Ⅵ. Word study: For each of the following clues. Use the given prompts
to produce sentences in the same way as shown in the model.
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1. What did Ephraim’s brothers do for a livelihood?
The key comes from Paragraph 1:
Diamond merchants.
2. What can be learned about the city of Johannesburg?
The key comes from Paragraph 1:
A city with many immigrants, a little over a century old.
3. What career arrangement was made for young Ephraim?
The key comes from Paragraph 1:
He was apprenticed to an uncle to learn the trade of
diamond-cutting.
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4. Why is diamond—cutting compared to a samurai’s
sword-thrust?
The key comes from Paragraph 2:
Spend time, study carefully, accumulate powers of
attention, memory, intuition, accurate.
5. What a life was Ephraim leading when he turned to
be middle- aged?
The key comes from Paragraph 3:
He was joked by others. He was a good son, working
nicely under his uncle ,and living respectably at
home, and on Sunday nights playing poke with
bachelor friends. He was alone in the family house
after his father died. People stopped noticing him.
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6. What did people think of Ephraim before he was recognized
as one of the world’s master diamond--cutters?
The key comes from Paragraph 3:
His family said that he was choosy, and remain silent when
others talked of him with that edge on their voice, irritated, a
little malicious, even frightened, which is caused by those
men and women who refuse to fulfil the ordinary purposes
of nature. But some kind people said he was a good son.
7. Why was Ephraim asked to fly to Alexandria for a special
job?
The key comes from Paragraph 4:
He went there for a special job instead of a senior person,
who was ill.
He wished only the best for the diamond. Ephraim, revealed
by this happening as one of the world’s master diamondcutters.
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8. What was the uncut diamond bought for?
The key comes from Paragraph 4:
A rich merchant had an uncut diamond as a present
for his daughter, who was to be married shortly.
9. Where did Ephraim stay when he cut the rich
merchant’s diamond?
The key comes from Paragraph 4:
He spent some days in communion with the stone in a
quiet room in the merchant’s house, and then caused it
fall apart into three lovely pieces for one ring, two
earrings.
10. Whom did Ephraim meet at the merchant’s dinner?
The key comes from Paragraph 5:
He met the girl for whom the jewels were destined.
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(
) 1. The main idea of the story is that ________.
a. Ephraim was blamed for his slowness in diamond cutting
b. Ephraim’s family was engaged in diamond-cutting for several
generations
c. once an insignificant man Ephraim turned out to be a master
diamond-cutter
d. Ephraim learned the craft of diamond-cutting since his late
childhood
(
) 2. It can be leaned form the story that _______.
a. Ephraim had not cut any diamond single-handedly before cutting
the rich merchant’s diamond
b. the merchant had only one daughter and he loved her very much
c. the merchant was very impressed while observing Ephraim’s
way of working
d. people living in the town of Johannesburg took great interest in
Ephaim’s private life
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(
) 3. Paragraph 2 mainly discusses ________.
a. the value of diamonds
b. the act of diamond cutting
c. the art of sword-thrust
d. the shaping of diamonds
(
) 4. We can infer from the text that ________.
a. all immigrants in Johannesburg are good in diamond-cutting
b. Ephraim was talented in diamond-cutting as a child
c. Ephraim was exceptional as a child
d. Ephraim’s family trade was to do with diamonds
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(
) 5. Ephraim became a master diamond-cutter
because ________.
a. diamond-cutting was a popular trade in
Johannesburg
b. he was fond of cutting diamonds since childhood
c. he remained single and devoted all his time to the
trade of diamond-cutting
d. the successful cutting of a rich merchant’s
diamond made his skill known
Key: c. c. b. d. d
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1. accumulate 积聚 to become greater in quantity over a period
2. brilliant 极聪明的 very intelligent
3. choosy 挑剔的 very careful in choosy
4. malicious 恶意的 intended to harm others
5. bachelor 单身汉 an unmarried man
6. destined 预定的 intend in advance or by fate
7. odd 不寻常的 unusual
8. communion 交流 state of sharing or exchanging the same
thoughts and feelings
9. intuition 直觉 the power of understanding or knowing something
without reasoning
10. fulfil 履行(责任) to perform (a duty)
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joke about
be to
be destined
be cut out of
in one’s stead
infect
take one’s time
do with
fall apart
edge to / on one’s voice
1.The book may _______
infect you with a passion for mountain climbing.
2.Coming form a theatrical family, I ____________
was destined for a career on
the stage.
3.The situation is much more serious than you think, so please
don’t _____________it.
joke about
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4.We have got a lot to talk about, since her job is
______________my
to do with
business.
5.The woman behind the bar _____________opening
take her time
the fruit juice,
as if trying to needle us.
6.We__________have
were to
gone away last week, but I was ill.
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7.While the chairman is away, another director will
act_______________.
in his stead
8.She was trying to be calm, but there was a
distinct______________.
edge to her voice
9.Their marriage______________
fell apart
when she found out her
husband was having an affair with another woman..
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10.Having lived in the village all his life, he
________________
won’t
be cut out for the life in a large city.
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1.The President returned to work a little time after his operation.
shortly
2.It’s strange that she didn’t reply to our letters.
It’s very odd
3.Jern’s particular about what she eats for breakfast.
choosy
4.I can’t attend the meeting but I’ll send my assistant instead.
in my stead
5.He is a painter who likes to be in the state of sharing with
nature.
in communion with
6.They will never see each other again by fate.
be destined never to see each other again
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1. a. Her biography revealed that she was not as rich as
everyone thought.
v.
b. A joke can be very revealing of what someone’s really
thinking.
a.
c. He still did not reveal what felt about me.
v.
2. a. As people accumulate more wealth, they tend to spend a
greater proportion of their incomes. v.
b. Accumulations of sand can be formed by the action of
waves on coastal beaches.
n.
c. If you don’t sort out the papers on your desk on a regular
basis, they just keep on accumulating.
v.
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3. a. W e ‘re looking for a very specific sort of person and this
woman seems to fulfil all of our criteria. v.
b. Being laid off, he could not fulfil the role of the breadwinner for
his family.
v.
c. Due to circumstances beyond our control, the fulfillment of your
contract will be delayed by several weeks.
n.
4. a. The financial performance of the business is fully expected to
improve.
v.
b. Considering the problems he’s had, there can be little
expectation of him winning the race.
n.
c. You expect too much of John to think he can finish this job by
Friday.
v.
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5. a. I absolutely refuse to take part in anything that’s illegal.
v.
b. His argument is based on the refusal to protect the
environment.
v.
c. The local council refused him planning permission to build
an extra house.
v.
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Extended Activities
B: Functions and Structure:
Apologizing
Key to I:
1. I’m very sorry,
That’s OK.
I feel so awful about it.
Just forget about it.
2. don’t worry about it.
There was something I could do.
Don’t mention it.
3. Please forgive me.
It was quite by accident.
That’s alright.
I’ll make it up to you.
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4. I’m awfully sorry
I do beg your pardon.
It didn’t really matter.
That was entirely my fault.
Don’t worry about it.
5.I’m really sorry for
No problem.
How sorry I am
Do apologize for
That’s OK.
That won’t happen again.
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C. Practical Reading:
A Catalogue of Rings
Key:
1.d 2.c
6.a 7.d
3.c
8.c
4.b
9.d
5.a
10.c
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D. Additional Vocabulary
Month Precious
Indication
1
garnet 石榴石
loyal, friendly affection特性
2
amethyst 紫晶
kind-heartedness
3
aquamarine海蓝宝石 bravery, calmness
4
diamond 钻石
purity, innocence天真、单纯
5
emerald 祖母绿
happiness, good luck
6
peal 珍珠
wealthy, healthy, longevity长寿
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Month
Precious
7
ruby 红宝石
8
agate 玛瑙
Indication
永恒的eternal love
happy and harmonious wife and husband
9 sapphire 蓝宝石
kindness, love, high prestige and
universal respect 德高望重
10
opal 蛋白石
good wish, happiness
11
topaz 黄玉
friendship, true love
12
turquoise 绿松石
success, victory
65
Unit Seven --- Reading I
Body Language:
Ownership Gestures
Warm--up
Text
Translation
Notes
New Words
Examples
Exercises
Extended Activities
66
Text
Body Language: Ownership Gestures
1 Management personnel are particularly guilty of continually using
the following gestures. It has been noted that employees who have
been appointed to management positions suddenly begin to use
them, despite the fact that they seldom used them prior to their
promotion.
2 It would be normal to assume that the position of the man in the
picture reflects an easygoing, relaxed and carefree attitude, because
that is in fact what it is. The leg-over-chair gesture not only signifies
the man’s ownership of that particular chair or space, but also
signalsthat customary etiquette may be relaxed.
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3 It is common to see two close friends seated like this,
laughing and joking with each other, but let’s consider the
impact and meaning of this gesture in different
circumstances. Take this typical situation: an employee
has a personal problem and he goes into the boss’s office
to ask for his advice on a possible solution. As the
employee explains, he leans forward in the chair, his
hands on his knees, his face down and looking dejected
and his tone of voice lowered. The boss listens intently ,
sitting motionless, then suddenly leans back in his chair
and puts one
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leg over the chair arm. In these circumstances the
boss’s attitude has changed to lack of concern or
indifference because of his carefree gesture. In other
words, he has little concern for the employee or his
problem and he may also feel that his time is being
wasted with the “same old story”. The boss may have
wondered about the employee’s problem, but soon
finds that it’s not really a major one and then
becomes uninterested in or impatient towards the
employee. While he sits in the leg-over-chair position,
he will not have a concerned look on his face and he
may even terminate the conversation by telling his
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employee that he shouldn’t worry and that the problem will
soon go away. When the employee leaves the office, the
boss may breathe a sigh of relief and say to himself,
“Thank heavens he’s gone”, and then takes his leg off the
chair.
4 If the boss’s chair has no arms ( which is usually the
case with visitor’s chair), he will probably be seen with one
or both feet on the desk. If his superior enters his office, it
is unlikely that the boss would take an obvious ownership
posture but would resort to more subtle gesture such as
putting his foot on the lower drawer of his desk or placing
his foot hard against
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the legs of the desk to stake his claim of the ownership.
5 Such gestures can be quite annoying if they are found during
negotiation, and it is vital for you to make the person change to a
different position, because the longer he stays in the leg-over-chair
or fee-on-desk position, the longer he will have an indifferent or
hostile attitude. An easy way to do this is to hand him something and
ask him to look at it, thus forcing him to change his position.
71
译 文:
体态语言：物主身份姿势
1
管理部门的员工不断使用以下姿势，是特别错误的。有人已注
意到，被任命到管理职位的员工，突然开始使用这样的姿势，尽管
他们晋升前很少使用。
2
设想图片中的男子表现出随和、轻松和无忧无虑的态度是正常
的，因为事实就是如此。腿放在椅子扶手上的姿态，不仅表明他是
那把椅子或位子的主人，而且表达出通常的礼节可以放宽了。
3
通常会看到两个亲密的朋友像图中这样坐着，笑着，相互开玩
笑；但是，让我们考虑考虑，在不同的情况下，这一姿态的印象和
意味。举个典型例子： 有个员工遇到个人问题，进到老板的办公室
来征求可能解决问题的意见。听员工解释时，老板前倾着坐在椅子
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上，双手放在膝盖上，他垂着脸似乎有些沮丧而且他的声调低
沉。老板专心地听着，一动不动，突然，他向后靠在椅背上，
把腿放在椅子扶手上。在这种情况下，老板的态度已有变化，
缺乏关注或冷漠，这可从他无忧无虑的姿态看出。换言之，他
已不怎么关心员工以及他的问题了，可能还觉得这个“老故事”
浪费了他的时间。老板原打算弄清员工的问题，但很快发现它
不是真正的主要问题，然后变得对员工不感兴趣或不耐烦。当
老板把腿放在椅子扶手上坐着时，面部已不是关心的表情，他
甚至可能终止谈话，告诉员工不应担心，问题马上会解决的。
当员工离开办公室后，老板可能会松一口气，对自己说：
“感谢老天爷，他走了。” 然后把腿从扶手上移下来。
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4
如果老板的椅子没有扶手，（这通常是为来访者预备的
椅子），大概有人会看到老板把一只脚或双足放到桌上。如果
他的上司进他的办公室，老板不大可能会采取这个明显的物主
身份的姿态，而是借助于更微妙的姿态，例如把他的脚放到较
低的办公桌抽屉上，或是用脚抵住办公桌的腿，来表明他的物
主身份。
5
如果在谈判中发现这种姿态，可能是相当恼人的，你要
想法使之改变姿势是非常重要的，因为他这种把腿放在椅子扶
手上或把脚放在桌上的动作越久，那么他冷漠、敌对的态度就
越久。用一个简单的方法，就是递给他什么东西，并请他看一
看，从而迫使他改变他的姿势。
译者：周 荆 洪
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Warm--up
Page 190:
Work with your partner and write out the words about we use to
communicate:
Verbal:
words,
sentences,
speech,
conversation,
intonation 语调，声调,
stress,
e-mail,
letters,
notes,
faxes,
phone calls,
memos,
reports……
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Non-verbal:
body movement,
gesture,
posture,
smiling,
eye contact,
facial expression,
clapping hands,
shaking hands,
waving hands,
hands clasped behind back 双手紧扣，放在背后，
open palm 手掌摊开,
pinching bridge of nose 掐捏鼻梁,
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frowning 皱眉头,
tension in brow 眉头紧锁,
relaxed brow 眉头舒展，
shrugging 耸肩，
shaking head,
rubbing nose,
fondling hair 抚摩头发,
biting nail,
stroking chin 抚摩下巴,
hand to cheek 手托腮帮，
tapping fingers轻扣手指,
crossed arms on chest 两臂交叉胸前,
legs crossed 二郎腿……
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2. Pair work :
1) What do you know about body language?
2) Are you good at reading body language?
3) Which is the most expressive part of your body?
4) What do you think contributes to one’s use of body
language?
The importance of body language:
To make the meaning of our words clear we use body
language; Our posture, facial expression, eye contact, and
gestures speak louder than the words we say; Researches have
shown that most people pay more attention to, and believe
more readily, their impression of how a person acts through
body language than what is said through words.
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Different interpretations of body language:
Body language depends on one’s culture, gender, mood,
past experiences, age, religion, nationality, race and the
conversational situation, etc.
5) Why is it important for sales people to know and use
body language?
Psychologists claim that the impact you make on others
what you say (7%), how you say it (38%), and by your
body language (55%); It’ s often not what you say that
influences others, it’s what you don’t say.
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Notes
1. putting his foot…hard against the legs of the desk?
Here “hard” means “forcefully”.
2. the boss may breathe a sigh of relief: The boss may let
out a deep breathe to show that trouble is gone.
3. the same old story: the usual undesirable situation.
e.g. It’s the same old story ----the women do all the work
and the men just sit around talking.
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4. to stake his claim of the ownership: to show that he is
the owner. We can also use the phrase to stake (out)
one’s claim to something.
e.g. Both countries stake their claim to the land.
5. It is vital (to, for) : It is very necessary; it’s of the greatest
importance.
e.g. A good environment is vital to people’s health.
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New Words
1. management n. 管理部门
2. guilty a. 有错的
3. despite prep. 尽管
4. assume v. 设想
5. reflect v. 反映
6. easygoing a. 脾气随和的
7. relax v. 放松
8. carefree a. 无忧无虑的
9. signify v. 表明
10. signal v. 表达（某种信息）
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11. customary a. 通常的
12. etiquette n. 礼节
13. impact n. 强烈的印象
14. circumstance n. 状况
15. dejected a. 沮丧的；忧郁的
16. intently ad. 专心致志地
17. motionless a. 一动不动的
18. concern n. 关心
19. indifference n. 冷漠
20. impatient a. 不耐烦的
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21. terminate v. 使……终止
22. superior n. 上级
23. posture n. 姿势
24. subtle a. 微妙的
25. stake v. 划为己有
26. claim n. 对某事的权利
27. annoying a. 令人厌烦的
28. negotiation n. 谈判
29. vital a. 非常重要的
30. hostile a. 敌对的
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31. personnel n. 员工
32. appoint v. 任命
33. gesture n. 手势、体态语言
34. solution n. 解决
35. lean v. 倚靠
36. breath n. 呼吸
37. sigh v. 叹气
38. relief n. 宽慰
85
1. be guilty of (sth. /doing sth.) 有罪的
2. be appointed to 被任命为
3. prior to 在……之前
4. in fact 事实上
5. lack of 缺少
6. go away 消失
7. resort to 采取、诉诸、求助于（通常为不好的事物）
8. stake a /one’s claim (to)申明权利
86
Unit seven
What words can you associate with the pictures?
easygoing
relax v.
reflect v.
a.
guilty a.
despite
prep.
management n.
87
assume v.
signify v.
etiquette n.
carefree
a.
customary a.
dejected a.
88
intently ad.
motionless a.
terminate v.
posture n
concern n.
subtle a.
89
circumstance
superior n.
stake v.
n.
impatient a
claim n.
vital a.
90
gesture n
solution
n.
lean
v.
sigh
n.
91
signal
v.
negotiation n.
hostile a.
personnel n.
impact
n.
indifference n.
annoying
a.
92
New Words
1. management n. 管理部门
2. guilty a. 有错的
3. despite prep. 尽管
4. assume v. 设想
5. reflect v. 反映
6. easygoing a. 脾气随和的
7. relax v. 放松
8. carefree a. 无忧无虑的
9. signify v. 表明
10. signal v. 表达（某种信息）
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11. customary a. 通常的
12. etiquette n. 礼节
13. impact n. 强烈的印象
14. circumstance n. 状况
15. dejected a. 沮丧的；忧郁的
16. intently ad. 专心致志地
17. motionless a. 一动不动的
18. concern n. 关心
19. indifference n. 冷漠
20. impatient a. 不耐烦的
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21. terminate v. 使……终止
22. superior n. 上级
23. posture n. 姿势
24. subtle a. 微妙的
25. stake v. 划为己有
26. claim n. 对某事的权利
27. annoying a. 令人厌烦的
28. negotiation n. 谈判
29. vital a. 非常重要的
30. hostile a. 敌对的
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31. personnel n. 员工
32. appoint v. 任命
33. gesture n. 手势、体态语言
34. solution n. 解决
35. lean v. 倚靠
36. breath n. 呼吸
37. sigh v. 叹气
38. relief n. 宽慰
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1. be guilty of (sth. /doing sth.) 有罪的
2. be appointed to 被任命为
3. prior to 在……之前
4. in fact 事实上
5. lack of 缺少
6. go away 消失
7. resort to 采取、诉诸、求助于（通常为不好的事物）
8. stake a /one’s claim (to)申明权利
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Examples
1. 辨析personnel and personal:
personnel 公司、机构或军队的全体人员；员工，职员; 人事部门
personal 个人的；隐私的
personal friend 私交
personal life 私生活
personal development 个性发展 personal assistant 私人助理/ 秘书
personal pronoun 人称代词
personal details 个人资料
2. be guilty of: to be responsible for behavior that is morally wrong or
socially unacceptable.
e.g. Politicians of all parties are guilty of ignoring this serious problem.
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3. It is noted that…: ‘Note’ in this structure means “notice”
or ”observe”.
Note the way this writer uses the present tense for dramatic effect.
Note how he operates the machine and try to copy him.
4. appoint vt. 任命；委任
e.g. We have decided to appoint a new official.
They appointed him chairman.
I have been appointed to deal with this matter.
5. despite prep. 尽管
e.g. He came to the meeting despite his illness.
Demand for these cars is high, despite their high price.
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6. prior to: (formal) before 在……之前
e.g. All the arrangements should have been completed prior
to our departure.
7. reflect
1) vt. 不用进行时表达；反映
e.g. His unhappy face reflected his inner despair.
Does this letter reflect how you really think?
2) vi. 仔细考虑
e.g. After reflecting for a time (on the problem), he decided
not to go.
8. easygoing a. 脾气随和的；温和的
e.g. Our teacher is very easygoing; she doesn’t mind if we
turn up late.
100
9. relax vt. / vi. 放松；使）轻松; （使）松弛
e.g. Sit down and relax!
The music will help to relax you.
She relaxed her hold on the wheel. 她没有把紧方向盘。
10. carefree a. 无忧无虑的； 快乐舒畅的
e.g. After finishing our exams we all felt happy and care free.
11. gesture
1) n. 手势; 姿态; 表示
e.g. She shrugged her shoulders in a gesture of impatience.
He made an angry gesture.
We invited our new neighbors to dinner as a gesture of friendship.
2) vt. / vi. 用手势表示； 用动作示意
e.g. She gestured to the waiter to bring some more coffee.
He gestured me over with a movement of his head.
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12. signify vt. 表示，表明，代表；意味着
e.g. What does this strange mark signify?
His speech may signify a shift in his foreign policy.
13. customary a. 习惯上的；通常的；惯例的
e.g. It’s customary to wear formal clothes on these occasions.
14. etiquette n. 礼节；礼仪
e.g. The rules of etiquette are not so strict nowadays.
Medical/legal/professional etiquette医学界/法律界/专业界的行为规范
15. impact n. 影响；作用
e.g. The computer has made a great impact on modern life.
His speech made a considerable impact on everyone.
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16. circumstance n. (一般用复数)情形；条件；情况；
状况
e.g. We can’t judge what he did until we know all the
circumstances.
17. solution n. 解决；解决方法
e.g. There’s no good solution to this problem.
He finally came up with a solution.
18. lean
1) vi. 倾斜；弯曲
e.g. The trees leant in the wind.
He leant forward/down/over to hear what she said.
2) vi. 斜靠；倚靠
e.g. She leant against his shoulder.
He leant on the back of the chair.
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19. dejected a. 沮丧的；忧郁的
e.g. a dejected look/person/expression
20. intently ad. 专心致志地
e.g. He listened to the teacher intently.
21. indifference n. 漠不关心；不在乎
e.g. The government’s indifference to social inequality resulted
in a large scale riot. 政府对社会不平等的不重视造成了大的规模
暴动。
indifferent a. 不感兴趣的；不关心的；不在乎的
e.g. I was so excited to see snow that I was indifferent to the
cold.
His manner was cold and indifferent.
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22. impatient a. 不耐烦的； 无耐心的；急噪的
e.g. After an hour’s delay, passengers were becoming impatient.
I’m coming----don’t be so impatient.
impatience n. 不耐烦；无耐心
e.g. The teacher’s impatience with his slower students was
beginning to show.
She has no patience with time-wasters.
I’m beginning to lose patience with you.
I wouldn’t have the patience to sit sewing all day.
patient a. 耐心的；有毅力的
e.g. He was very patient with me when I was ill and crazy.
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23. terminate vt. / vi. （使）结束；（使）终止
e.g. The next train terminates here.
Your contract has been terminated.
termination n. 结束；终止
24. go away: (问题、不愉快的感觉等)消失
e.g. His stutter (口吃) went away once his mother was home.
25. breathe a sigh of relief: 松了一口气
e.g. You could hear the students breathing a collective sigh of
relief when the final bell rang.
She breathed a sigh of relief when she found out she had passed
her exams.
Donna jumped up with a loud sigh of relief.
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26. superior 1) n. 上级; 2) a. 上级的、上等的、优秀的。
e.g. He always does what his superiors tell him.
I’ll report you to your superior officer!
Of the two books, I think this one is superior to that one.
This is a very superior make of car.
antonym: inferior 下级的；差的；次的，劣等的
27.posture 1)n. 姿势；姿态；体态
2)n. 态度
e.g. Humans have a naturally erect posture.人类有自然直立
的姿势。
The government’s posture on this new trade agreement
seems very unhelpful.
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28. resort to: 采取；诉诸；求助于（通常为不好的行为）
e.g. When polite requests failed, he resorted to threats.
He resorted to stealing when he had no more money.
They would resort to violence means if their requests are not
satisfied.
29. stake vt. 打赌
e.g. I’ve staked all my hopes on you.
stake (out ) one’s claim (to): 提出（对……的）要求；生命对某
物拥有所有权
e.g. He staked a claim to the land where he’d found the gold.
With her latest novel, she stakes her claim to greatness.
at stake: at risk 濒临险境
e.g. The company is on the verge of bankruptcy, and hundreds
of jobs are at stake.
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30. subtle a. 微妙的；细微的
e.g. subtle difference in meaning
His attempt to offer us a bribe was not exactly subtle.
31. negotiation n. 商议，谈判
e.g. The negotiations with the company had reached a
crucial stage.与公司的谈判到了一个决定性的阶段。
This follows private negotiations between the landowner
and the leisure centre.
He is trying to involve community leaders in negotiations
on reform.
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32. vital a. 生死攸关的，重大的，至关重要的
e.g. The work she does is absolutely vital.
It is vital to do sth.
e.g. It is vital to keep accurate records.
It is vital to be honest with your children.
vital to
e.g. These measures are vital to national security.
vital for
e.g. Regular exercise is vital for your health.
It is vital (that)…
e.g. It is vital that you keep accurate records.
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33. hostile a. 怀有敌意的；不友好的
e.g. a hostile crowd
hostile gesture
They are hostile to us.
hostility n. 敌意；敌对状态
e.g. There is now open hostility between the two countries.
111
Exercises
Ⅰ.Read the text carefully and discuss the following questions:
Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
Ⅲ.Give the English words or phrases according to the meanings
provided.
Ⅳ. Put the following words expressions from the text in the blanks
to complete the sentences. Make changes where necessary.
Ⅴ. Rewrite the following sentences and replace the underlined
words with appropriate words or phrases from the text.
Ⅵ. Word study: For each of the following clues, use the given
prompts to produce sentences in the same way as shown in the
model.
112
1.Who usually uses ownership gestures according to the
text?
The key comes from Paragraph 1:
Management personnel are particularly guilty of
continually using the following gestures.
2.What has been noted of those newly-appointed
management personnel?
The key comes from Paragraph 1:
It has been noted that employees who have been
appointed to management positions suddenly begin to
use them, despite the fact that they seldom used them
prior to their promotion.
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3.What does the leg-over-chair gesture signify when two
close friends are seated like this?
The key comes from Paragraph 3:
It is common to see two close friends seated like this,
laughing and joking with each other…it signify comfortable
and relaxed.
4.What does the boss’s leg-over-chair gesture mean when an
employee is talking to him?
The key comes from Paragraph 3:
In these circumstances the boss’s attitude has changed to
lack of concern or indifference because of his carefree
gesture. In other words, he has little concern for the employee
or his problem and he may also feel that his time is being
wasted with the “same old story”.
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5.From what gestures can the employee see that the boss’s
attitude has changed to indifference?
The key comes from Paragraph 3:
While he sits in the leg-over-chair position, he will not have
a concerned look on his face and he may even terminate the
conversation by telling his employee that he shouldn’t worry
and that the problem will soon go away.
6. What will the boss probably do when the employee leaves
his office at last?
The key comes from Paragraph 3:
When the employee leaves the office, the boss may breathe
a sigh of relief and say to himself, “Thank heavens he’s gone”,
and then takes his leg off the chair.
115
7. What is vital for you to do if you find somebody taking ownership
gestures during negotiation?
The key comes from Paragraph 5:
Such gestures can be quite annoying if they are found during
negotiation, and it is vital for you to make the person change to
different position, because the longer he stays in the leg-over-chair
of feet-on-desk position, the longer he will have an indifferent of
hostile attitude.
8. What is the easy way to force a person to change his leg-overchair position during negotiation?
The key comes from Paragraph 5:
An easy way to do this is to hand him something and ask him to
look at it, thus forcing him to change his position.
116
( ) 1. The author’s view on the leg-over-chair gesture is that it
_________.
a. is too relaxed and carefree to be used often
b. indicates one’s ownership of a particular space
c. signals hostile attitude towards other people’s problems
d. reflects one’s bad manner
( ) 2. The boss may ______ to show his ownership before his
superior.
a. put one or both feet on his desk
b. put his feet hard against the legs of his desk
c. lean back in his chair
d. put one leg over the arm of his chair
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( ) 3. All of the following are ownership gestures except
_________.
a. leg-over-chair
b. feet-on-desk
c. elbow-on-chair
d. feet-against-desk-leg
( ) 4. We can learn from the passage that ownership gestures
are___________.
a. very annoying during negotiation
b. quite common between friends chiefly used to end an
unpleasant conversation
c. chiefly used to end an unpleasant conversation
d. only used by superiors before inferiors
118
( ) 5. If your listener sits in the leg-over-chair or feet-on-desk
position, that means he/she ________ .
a. may be offended by what you are talking about
b. is very friendly to you
c. is likely to agree with you
d. may have no interest in what you are saying
Key: b. b. c. a. d
119
1. hostile 敌对的 very unfriendly
2. signify 表明 to be a sign of
3. impact 强烈印象 strong effect
4. customary 通常的 usual or habitual
5. dejected 忧虑的 sad or disappointed
6. indifference 冷漠 absence of interest
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7. impatient不耐烦的 unable to remain calm
8. resort to 求助于 to make use of
9. terminate 使终止 to bring to an end
10. prior to 在…之前 before
11. easygoing 脾气随和的 relaxed and casual style
or manner
12. vital 非常重要的 of the greatest importance
121
despite
stake a claim
reflect
in fact
impact
appoint
go away
resort to
a sigh of relief
easygoing
be guilty of
signify
1.Some journalists are guilty of reporting scandal in order to
sell papers.
easygoing friendly
2.William did his best to maintain a(n) __________
relationship with everyone in the office.
3.When the smell was pure oak, I remembered childhood
in fact
woods; __________
one particular place in one particular
wood.
122
go away
4.Ignoring the crime problem won’t make it __________
.
a sigh of relief when
5.All the colleagues of the office breathed __________
they heard David to be safe.
signifies
6..The number 30 on a road sign__________
that the speed
limit is 30 miles an hour.
7.When she didn’t answer the telephone I
resorted to
__________standing
outside her window and calling up to
her.
123
appointed to make
8.The committee was
__________
recommendations on housing development in the
area.
9.He marked the spot on his map where he had seen
the gold and returned later that month
to stake his claim
___________________
.
impact
10.The Internet’s__________
on the way we do
business has been remarkable.
124
11.It is a good idea to wear white clothes in hot
reflect
countries because they will__________
the sun’s
heat, rather than absorb it.
Despite
12.__________
repeated assurances that the product
is safe, many people have stopped buying it.
125
1.She found his manner towards her distinctly unfriendly.
hostile
2.The government’s attitude on this new trade agreement
seems very unhelpful.
posture
3.How much money he earns is none of your business.
none of your concern
4.The rules of proper social behavior are not so strict nowadays.
etiquette
5.All the arrangements should have been completed before our
departure.
prior to
6.Your contract has been brought to an end.
terminated
126
1. a. I’d like to thank everyone concerned (=involved) for making
the occasion run so smoothly. a. 有关的,有牵连的
b. The results of the election are of concern (=importance) to us
all.
n. 重要
c. There’s no need for you to concern yourself with what
happened.
v. 涉及
2. a. Does their apparent lack of progress mean they are not
doing their job properly? n. 缺乏
b. Our real weakness is not that we lack the potential, but that
we lack the will to act.
n. v. 没有;缺乏
c. She is gorgeous (extremely beautiful or attractive) in
appearance, but seems to be entirely lacking in intelligence.
a. 缺少的
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3. a. When the plane finally landed, we all felt a tremendous sense
of relief. n. (焦虑，痛苦等)减轻; 解除
b. A secretary was hired to relieve her of some of some of the
administrative work. v. relieve sb.of sth.: 解除(某人的)负担;开除/解
除(职务)
c. She claims that the pressure on public hospitals could be
relieved by combining medical resources in the public and private
sectors. adj. 宽慰的;不再忧虑的
4. a. The company claims that their product makes you thin without
dieting.
v. 声称
b. This little town’s only claim to fame (=The only reason why it
is famous) is that the President was born here. n. (对某事的)权利;
要求权;所有权
c. Because the accident had not been her fault, Barbara was
able to claim damages. v.索取;声称有……权利
128
5. a. I assumed (that) you knew each other because you
went to the same school. v. 假设
b. James assumed a look of indifference when he heard
Anna was getting married, but we all knew he was upset.
v. 承担，采用，行使，担任
c. On the assumption that the increased production
targets can be reached, I’ve ordered extra raw materials.
n. 假定，设想
129
Extended Activities
B. Function and Structure:
Making Invitations
Key:
1. What about
OK
2. you be interested in it
I’d love to
3. How about
That’s very kind of you
130
4. like to invite you to come
thank you very much for the invitation
5. Would you like to
Sounds great
Make it
How about
That’s fine
131
C. Practical Reading: Program Schedule
Key:
1. b 2. b 3. d 4. a 5. b 6. c 7. d 8. b
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D. Additional Vocabulary
Key:
hug
handclasp
wish
well
hail
flag
cheer
welcome
bob
buss
kiss
respect
wave
toast
call to
nod
kowtow meet
receive smile
accost bow
peck
salute
compliment
133
Unit Eight --- Reading I
A World Guide to Good Manners
Warm--up
Text
Translation
Notes
New Words
Examples
Exercises
Extended Activities
134
Text
A World Guide to Good Manners
1 Traveling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier. We
live in a global village, but how well do we know and understand
each other? Here is a simple test. Imagine you have arranged a
meeting at four o’clock. What time should you expect your foreign
business colleagues to arrive? If they’re German, they’ll be right
on time. If they’re American, they’ll probably be 15 minutes early.
If they’re British, they’ll be 15 minutes late, and you should allow
up to an hour for the Italians.
2 When the European Community began to increase in size,
several guidebooks appeared giving advice on international
135
etiquette. At first many people thought this was a joke,
especially the British, who seemed to assume that the
widespread understanding of their language meant a
corresponding understanding of English customs. Very soon
they had to change their ideas, as they realized that they had a
lot to learn about how to behave with their foreign business
friends.
3 For example:
* The British are happy to have a business lunch and
discuss business matters with a drink during the meal; the
Japanese prefer not to work while eating. Lunch is a time to
relax and get to know one another, and they rarely drink at
lunchtime.
* The Germans like to talk business before dinner; the
French like to eat first and talk afterwards. They have to be well
fed and watered 吃好喝好before they discuss anything.
136
* Taking off your jacket and rolling up your sleeves is a sign
of getting down to work in Britain and Holland, but in Germany
people regard it as taking it easy.
* American executives sometimes signal their feelings of
ease and important in their offices by putting their feet on the
desk whilst on the telephone. In Japan, people would be
shocked. Showing the soles of your feet is the height of bad
manners. It is a social insult only exceeded by blowing your
nose in public.
4 The Japanese have perhaps the strictest rules of social and
business behavior. Seniority is very important, and a younger
man should never be sent to complete a business deal with an
older Japanese man. The Japanese business card almost
137
needs a rulebook of its own. You must exchange business
cards immediately on meeting because it is essential to
establish everyone’s status and position.
5 When it is handed to a person in a superior position, it
must be given and received with both hands, and you must
take time to read it carefully, and not just put it in you pocket!
Also the bow is a very important part of greeting someone.
You should not expect the Japanese to shake hands.
Bowing the head is mark of respect and the first bow of the
day should be lower than when you meet thereafter.
6 The Americans sometimes find it difficult to accept the
more formal Japanese manners. They prefer to be casual
138
and more informal, as illustrated by the universal “ Have a nice
day!” American waiters have a one-word imperative “Enjoy!”
The British, of course, are cool and reserved. The great topic of
conversation between strangers in Britain is the weather—
unemotional and impersonal. In America, the main topic
between strangers is the search to find a geographical link. “Oh,
really? You live in Ohio? I had an uncle who once worked
there.”
“ When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”
Here are some final tips for travelers.
* In France you shouldn’t sit down in a café until you’ve
shaken hands with everyone you know.
* In Pakistan you mustn’t wink . It’s offensive.
7
139
* In the Middle East you must never use the left hand for
greeting, eating, drinking, or smoking. Also, you should take
care not to admire anything in your host’s home. They will
feel that they have to give it to you.
* In Russia you must match your hosts drink for drink, or
they will think you are unfriendly.
* In Thailand you should clasp your hands together and
lower your head and your eyes when you greet someone.
* In America you should eat your hamburger with both
hands and as quickly as possible. You shouldn’t try to have
a conversation until it is eaten.
140
译 文:
引导良好风度的世界指南
1
到世界各地旅游越来越容易。我们生活在地球村里，但
是我们如何更好地互相认识和理解呢？这里有个简单的例子。
假设你安排了一个四点钟的会议。你预计你的外国商务同行
会几点到达呢？如果他们是德国人，他们会准点到。如果他
们是美国人，会提前15分钟到。如果他们是英国人，他们会
晚到15分钟，并且你应该为意大利人留出一个钟头的时间。
2
当欧洲旅游社团规模开始增加时，出现了几本提供国际
礼仪指南的书。起初，很多人以为这是一个笑话，尤其是英
国人，似乎认为的他们的语言被广泛理解意味着其风俗习惯
也相应被理解。很快，他们不得不改变想法，因为他们意识
到，在如何与外国商界朋友相处方面，有很多要学的东西。
141
3
例如：
* 英国人喜欢吃工作餐，席间一边喝酒一边谈业务；而
日本宁愿吃饭时不谈工作。午餐是一个放松和相互了解的时
间，午餐时间他们也很少喝酒。
* 德国人喜欢饭前谈生意；法国人喜欢先吃饭后谈生意。
在讨论业务之前，他们得吃饱喝足。
* 在英国和荷兰，脱去你的外套再卷起您的袖子是一个
言归正传认真工作的迹象；但在德国，人们把它看成是放松。
* 美国行政人员有时表达他们悠闲舒适的感觉和在公司
的重要地位，打电话时，会把脚放在桌上。而在日本这样，
人们会感到震惊。将您的鞋底朝人是极大的不礼貌。这是一
种仅次于在公共场合挤鼻涕的社会侮辱。
142
4
日本也许有最严格的社会和商业行为规则。资历是非常
重要的，年轻人应该永远不会派去完成一个对付日本老年人
的业务。日本的商务名片，几乎需要一个使用规则手册。您
必须会面时立即交换名片，因为这对树立个人地位和职位是
必须的。
5
把名片交给一个地位较高的人时，必须都用双手来接或
递，你必须花点时间来仔细阅读名片，而不只是把它放进口
袋里！此外，鞠躬是与人打招呼的非常重要的一部分。你不
应该期望日本人握手。点一下头是表示尊重，每天的第一次
鞠躬应比后头的见面问候鞠躬要更低一点。
143
6
美国人有时感到难以接受较正规的日语礼仪。他们更喜
欢休闲一点，非正式一点，这可以用广泛使用的“天天快
乐！”来说明。美国服务员用一个字的祈使句“快乐！”英
国人，当然，是冷静而内向的。英国陌生人之间谈话的伟大
话题是天气---平静而不涉及个人。在美国，陌生人之间的主
要议题是搜索地理上的联系。 “哦，真的吗？你住在俄亥俄
州的？我有一个叔叔曾经在那里工作过。”
7
“入乡随俗。”
这里有一些给旅客的最后提示。
* 在法国的咖啡吧里，你要跟所有你认识的人握过手后
才能坐下来。
* 在巴基斯坦，你绝不能眨眼。那是一种冒犯。
144
* 在中东，你千万不要使用左手打招呼、吃喝或吸烟。
同时，您应该小心不要羡慕主人家的任何东西。他们会觉得
他们应把它给你。
* 在俄罗斯，您必须迎合主人一杯对一杯地喝，否则他
们会认为你不友好。
*在泰国，问候人时，您应该紧握你的手，低头低眼。
* 在美国，您应该用双手尽快地吃掉你的汉堡包。没吃
完前，别想交谈。
译者：周 荆 洪
145
Warm--up
I. Brainstorming: Work with you partner and fill in the table with
five ways of behavior which are considered impolite in certain
situations.
Behavior
Situation
yawning
(while somebody is talking to you);
smoking
(in a crowded room);
talking loudly
(at movies);
using cellular phone
(in a quiet reading room);
laughing and whistling (when someone slips on a banana peel)
146
II. Pairwork: Discuss the following questions with your
partner.
1.what is considered good / bad manners in China?
2.How do you generally begin a conversation with a
stranger?
3.How would you greet your superior/your peer/your
inferior?
4.Supposing you were a salesperson, what would you
do when
greeting your client?
introduced to a visiting client?
a client is leaving?
147
5.What guarantees a pleasant travel abroad besides
learning to speak the language of that country?
6.What differences do you know exist between Eastern
and Western business etiquette?
148
Notes
1. You should allow up to an hour for the Italians:
You should be prepared to wait for the Italians for an
hour.
2. They have to be well fed and watered before…:
The French like to have a good meal as well as drinks
before getting down to business.
3. the height of bad manners:
Here, the word height means the highest degree.
e.g. at the height of one’s career
149
4. whilst:
the archaic (古代的) form for while in British English. In
present English it is not as widely used as while.
5. the main topic between strangers is the search to find a
geographical link:
The strangers try to talk about a place which is familiar to
both of them.
150
New Words
1. global a. 全球的
2. colleague n. 同事
3. community n. 社会；社团；社区
4. guidebook n. 手册
5. widespread a. 普遍的；广泛的
6. corresponding a. 相应的
7. custom n. 风俗；习惯
8. behave v. （行为）表现
9. roll v. 卷起
10. sleeve n. 袖子
151
11. executive n. 主管；行政人员
12. ease n. 悠闲；舒适
13. whilst conj. 当……的时候
14. sole n. 鞋底
15. insult n. 侮辱
16. exceed v. 超过
17. blow v. 吹气；呼气
18. strict a. 严格的
19. rulebook n. 规则手册
20. status n. （社会）地位
152
21. bow v. 鞠躬；点头
22. thereafter ad. 以后
23. casual a. 随便的
24. illustrate v. 说明
25. imperative n. 祈使句
26. reserved a. 寡言的；内向的
27. unemotional a. 不易动感情的
28. impersonal a. 非特指某个人的
29. geographical a. 地理的
30. wink v. 眨眼睛
153
31. clasp v. 紧握；紧抱
32. signal n. v. 用信号表示, 、安逸
33. height n. 高度
34. deal n. 交易、协议
35. essential a. 基本的，必需的
36. cool a. 凉爽的，沉着冷静
37. arrange v. 安排
38. feed v. 喂养
39. establish v. 建立，开业，确立
154
1. on time 准时
2. allow…for… 留出
3. get to understand / know sth. / sb.
开始理解起来；逐渐理解起来
4. take off 脱下
5. get down to (sth. / doing sth.)
开始认真对付
6. take it easy 放松
7. of its own 自己所有的
8. give advice on 给---忠告
9. roll up 卷起来
10. regard as 当---对待,
155
Unit Eight
What words can you associate with the pictures?
global
a.
colleague n.
guidebook n.
community
custom
roll
n.
n.
v.
156
widespread
a.
corresponding a.
sleeve
n.
sole
whilst
n.
conj.
behave v.
157
insult
n.
bow v.
exceed v.
158
thereafter ad.
executive n.
ease
n.
159
status n.
clasp
v.
imperative n.
160
impersonal a.
blow
v.
strict a.
casual
a.
illustrate
v.
rulebook
n.
161
reserved a.
unemotional a.
geographical a.
162
wink
illustrate
v.
v.
imperative n.
163
New Words
1. global a. 全球的
2. colleague n. 同事
3. community n. 社会；社团；社区
4. guidebook n. 手册
5. widespread a. 普遍的；广泛的
6. corresponding a. 相应的
7. custom n. 风俗；习惯
8. behave v. （行为）表现
9. roll v. 卷起
10. sleeve n. 袖子
164
11. executive n. 主管；行政人员
12. ease n. 悠闲；舒适
13. whilst conj. 当……的时候
14. sole n. 鞋底
15. insult n. 侮辱
16. exceed v. 超过
17. blow v. 吹气；呼气
18. strict a. 严格的
19. rulebook n. 规则手册
20. status n. （社会）地位
165
21. bow v. 鞠躬；点头
22. thereafter ad. 以后
23. casual a. 随便的
24. illustrate v. 说明
25. imperative n. 祈使句
26. reserved a. 寡言的；内向的
27. unemotional a. 不易动感情的
28. impersonal a. 非特指某个人的
29. geographical a. 地理的
30. wink v. 眨眼睛
166
31. clasp v. 紧握；紧抱
32. signal n. v. 用信号表示, 、安逸
33. height n. 高度
34. deal n. 交易、协议
35. essential a. 基本的，必需的
36. cool a. 凉爽的，沉着冷静
37. arrange v. 安排
38. feed v. 喂养
39. establish v. 建立，开业，确立
167
1. on time 准时
2. allow…for… 留出
3. get to understand/know sth. / sb.
开始理解起来；逐渐理解起来
4. take off 脱下
5. get down to (sth. / doing sth.)
开始认真对付
6. take it easy 放松
7. of its own 自己所有的
8. give advice on 给---忠告
9. roll up 卷起来
10. regard as 当---对待,
168
Examples
1. global village: 地球村
2. arrange
1) vi. / vt. 筹划；安排
e.g. I’ve arranged for a taxi.
2) vt. 整理；安排；布置
e.g. The books are arranged on the shelves in alphabetical
order.
arrangement 安排；筹划；准备
arranged marriage 包办婚姻
make arrangements for 安排
e.g. We must make arrangements for the wedding.
3. on time: 准时；按时
e.g. The buses are never on time.
169
4. allow…for…: to be sure that you have enough time,
money, food etc. available for a particular purpose.
allow sth. for sb. / sth.
e.g. I’ve allowed half a bottle of wine for each person.
allow sb. sth.
e.g. Allow yourselves plenty of time to get to the airport.
5. community n. 社区；社会；团体；界
e.g. the international community 国际社会；
the academic community 学术界
the black community 黑人社区
community center 社区活动中心
170
6. …several guidebooks appeared giving advice on
international etiquette.: In this sentence, “giving advice on
international etiquette” is an adverbial of attendant
circumstance (伴随情况)， which further interprets the
meaning of the main clause.
e.g. I phoned again, making sure I had the right number.
A guidebook is a special book about a city, area, etc. that
gives details about the place and its history.
7. corresponding a. 相应的；相当的；一致的；对等的
e.g. There has been a decline in the value of the pound
and a corresponding increase in the strength of the dollar.
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8. custom n. 风俗；习惯
e.g. Social customs vary greatly from country to country.
Customs (海关) is a different word, which means a place
where customers’ belongings are searched when leaving or
entering a country.
e.g. As soon as I had got through customs, I jumped into a
taxi.
9. get to know / see / understand, etc.: 逐渐了解/ 明白/ 理解等
e.g. I’m sure the kids will soon get to like each other.
After a while, I got to understand him.
10. be well fed and watered: eat well and drink well.
feed: to give food to a person or an animal.
e.g. Have you fed the cat:
she was too weak to feed herself.
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11. take off 脱下；脱去（尤指衣服）; (飞机等) 升空；起飞
e.g. Take your coat off.
The plane will soon take off.
antonym: put on
take…off: to have a holiday from work.休假
e.g. I’m taking Thursday off because I’m moving house.
12. roll up 卷起
e.g. His sleeves were rolled above his elbows.
13. sleeve n. 袖子
e.g. Come on, what have you got up your sleeves?
有锦囊妙计
sleeveless a. 无袖的
173
14. regard sb. / sth. as 把某人 / 某物看作
e.g. She is generally regarded as one of the best writers in the
country.
in this / that regard 在这个方面
e.g. The company is owned by its staff, and in that regard it is very
unusual.
with regard to 关于
e.g. With regard to your recent application, I am afraid we are
unable to offer you the job.
have no regard for 不考虑
e.g. You have no regard for my feelings!
give one’s regards to 带我向某人致意
e.g. Please give my best regards to your parents.
174
15. get down to 开始认真对待
e.g. It’s hard to get down to work after a nice holiday.
16. take it easy:
1) to relax and not do very much (also take things easy).
e.g. Take things easy for a few days and you should be all
right.
2) (spoken) used to tell someone to become less upset or
angry.
e.g. Just take it easy and tell us exactly what happened.
17. executive
1) a. 行政上的；有行政能力的
e.g. the executive department 行政部门
2) n. 主管；行政人员
e.g. a young advertising executive
175
18. signal
1) vt. 用信号示意
e.g. Both sides have signaled their willingness to start
negotiations.
2) vt. 标志
e.g. The defeat of 1,066 signaled the end of Saxon rule in
England.
19. ease n. 舒适；安逸；悠闲; 容易；不费劲
e.g. He is rich and lives a life of ease.
They are expected to win the election with ease.
feel at ease 感到自在
stand at ease 稍息（cf. attention 立正）
176
20．sole
1) n. 鞋底
2) a. (仅用于名词前)唯一的；仅有的; 专有的；独占的；唯一的
e.g. the sole American in the room
He has sole responsibility for sales in China.
21. height n. 极度；极点; 高处；高度；主要点；最活跃的点
e.g. It’s the height of stupidity to go sailing when you can’t swim.
We looked down from a great height to see the whole town
below us.
The corridor is at the height of 10 meters.
at the height of storm / the tourist season
177
22. exceed vt. 超出；超过
e.g. His income will very likely exceed ＄1 million this year.
23. deal n. 协议；交易；安排
Do / make a deal (to do sth.) 达成交易（做某事）
Wrap up /complete a deal完成交易
24. of one’s own 自己的
e.g. He left the company to start a business of his own.
25. on meeting: Used with v+ -ing, the preposition phrase “on
doing ”is the equivalent of the clause introduced by “as soon
as ” or “the moment…”.
The preposition “upon” can also be used in this phrase.
e.g. On hearing the news, she jumped with great joy.
(As soon as she heard the news, she jumped with great joy.)
178
26. essential
1) a. 绝对重要的；必不可少的
e.g. If you are going walking in the mountains, strong boots are
essential.
It is essential that the oil be checked every 10,000 km.
It is essential to read the footnotes to understand the whole
book.
2) a. 最重要的；最典型的；最显著的
e.g. The essential character of the village has not changed in
over 300 years.
3) n. 必需品；不可缺少的东西
e.g. The charity provides homeless people with essentials like
food and clothing.
179
27. status
1) n. 社会地位；专业资格；职位; (人的)身份；状况
e.g. What’s her status in the organization?
Please state your name, age and marital status.
28. bow
1) n. 鞠躬
e.g. He gave a deep/low bow.
Take a bow: to come to the stage to receive praise (applause) at
the end of a performance. 谢幕
2) vi. 躬身；鞠躬
e.g. He bowed to /before the Queen.
3) vt. 低头；俯首
e.g. He bowed his head in shame/stood with his head bowed in
shame.
180
29. casual
1) a. 漫不经心的；随随便便的
e.g. His casual manner annoyed me.
2) a. 漫无目的的；不认真的
e.g. I took a casual glance at the article.
30. cool a. 冷静的；沉着的；不易激动的
e.g. We need someone with a cool head.
31. reserved
1) a. 沉默寡言的；含蓄的；矜持的
e.g. Bob is very reserved ---you never know what he is thinking.
2) a. 预定的；保留的
e.g. reserved seats / tables
181
32. impersonal a. 客观的；不牵涉个人感情的；无人情味的
e.g. an impersonal letter
a large impersonal organization
33. geographical link: geographical connections, that is , the
relationship in terms of places where one or one’s relatives live(s) or
used to live.
34. When in Rome, do as the Romans do: 入乡随俗
35．wink vi. 向……使眼色；眨眼示意
e.g. He winked an eye at his companion.
36. clasp v. 紧握；紧抱
e.g. Mary leaned forward, clasping her hands around her knees.
182
Exercises
Ⅰ. Read the text carefully again and discuss the following questions.
Ⅱ.Choose the best answer for the following questions.
Ⅲ. Give the English words or phrases according to the meanings
provided.
Ⅳ. Put the following expressions from the text in the blanks to complete
the sentences. Make changes where necessary.
Ⅴ. Rewrite the following sentences and replace the underlined words
with appropriate words or phrases from the text.
Ⅵ. Word study: For each of the following clues, use the given prompts
to produce sentences in the same way as shown in the model.
183
1. Why did the British think that everyone understood their
customs?
The key comes from Paragraph 2 :
At first many people thought this was a joke, especially
the British, who seemed to assume that the widespread
understanding of their language meant a corresponding
understanding of English customs.
2. Which nationalities do not like to eat and do business at the
same time?
The key comes from Paragraph 3(1) :
The Japanese prefer not to work while eating. Lunch is a
time to relax and get to know one another, and they rarely
drink at lunchtime.
184
3. What is thought to be bad manners in Japan?
The key comes from Paragraph 3 (4) :
American executives sometimes signal their
feelings of ease and important in their offices by
putting their feet on the desk whilst on the telephone.
In Japan, people would be shocked. Showing the
soles of your feet is the height of bad manners.
4. How could you begin a conversation with a stranger
in England?
The key comes from Paragraph 6 :
The great topic of conversation between strangers
in Britain is the weather—unemotional and
impersonal.
185
5. What is the main topic between strangers in America?
The key comes from Paragraph 6 :
In America, the main topic between strangers is the search
to find a geographical link.
6. What behavior is unacceptable in the Middle East countries?
The key comes from Paragraph 7(3) :
In the Middle East you must never use the left hand for
greeting, eating, drinking, or smoking. Also, you should take
care not to admire anything in your host’s home. They will feel
that they have to give it to you.
186
7. Which nationality has strict rules of social and business
behavior about hands? What are the rules?
The key comes from Paragraph 7(1\3\5\6 ) :
In France you shouldn’t sit down in a café until you’ve
shaken hands with everyone you know.
In the Middle East you must never use the left hand for
greeting, eating, drinking, or smoking.
In Thailand you should clasp your hands together and lower
your head and your eyes when you greet someone.
In America you should eat your hamburger with both hands
and as quickly as possible.
8. Do you agree with the saying “When in Rome, do as the
Romans do.”?
“入乡随俗”
187
( )1. Which of the following is NOT true about the Japanese?
a. The Japanese are the strictest in their social and business behavior.
b. The Japanese usually bow to greet each other.
c. The Japanese like to discuss business matters with a drink during the
meal.
d. The Japanese value seniority highly.
( )2. What can be inferred from the text?
a. It is a good idea to say that you like your Egyptian friend’s vase very
much.
b. It is a good idea to have business cards ready at meetings with
Japanese businessmen.
c. It is a good idea to discuss business affairs with the French before
dinner.
d. It is a good idea to show up 15 minutes late when you meet American
business friends.
188
( )3. Which of the following is considered an example of bad
manners?
a. To discuss politics with your American friend in a McDonald’s.
b. To shake hands with every French friend you know before
sitting down in a café.
c. To receive and give business cards with both hands.
d. To take off your jacket and roll up your sleeves while getting
down to work with British people.
( )4. What advice would you give to somebody going to live and
work in Pakistan?
a. Match you hosts drink for drink.
b. Spend at least five minutes saying hello.
c. Never wink at people.
d. Lower your head and your eyes when you greet someone.
189
( )5. Which nationality is the most punctual according to the
text? And which is the least punctual?
a. Japanese…British
b. American…Italian
c. German…Italian
d. Japanese…American
Key: c. b. a. c. c
190
1. insult 侮辱、无礼a rude or offensive remark or action
2. corresponding相应的 matching or related, in agreement
3. strict 严格的 severe and demanding obedience in rules of
behavior
4. behave 行为、表现 to act in a particular way
5. ease舒服、安逸 the state of being comfortable and without
worries or problems
6. widespread 流传甚广的 existing, happening in many places or
among many people
7. reserved 含蓄的、沉默寡言的 (of a person) slow to show
feelings or express opinion
191
8. custom 风俗、习 惯an established and habitual practice
9. exceed 超出 to be greater than
10. signify 表示, 象征 to express (sth.) by a special action
11. impersonal 无人情味的 having no personal reference of
connection
12. illustrate 说明 to make the meaning clearer by giving
examples
13. executive 主管、行政人员 a person or group in a
business organization with administrative or managerial
powers
192
exceed
signal
illustrate
reserved get to
custom
allow
take it easy regard…as
relax
roll up
of one’s own
essential
get down to
corresponding
1.Bob is very ________
reserved you never know what he is thinking about.
2.The lecturer ________
illustrated his point with a diagram on the blackboard.
3.She had seen a leaflet about China and thought that this would provide
a good way of________
getting to know Chinese people.
4.It is the________
custom in Japan to take your shoes off when you go into
someone’s house.
193
5. ___________
Take it easy --- everything’s going to be just fine. The music will help
you to _______
relax
.
6.There has been a decline in the value of the pound and a
corresponding
___________ increase in the strength of the dollar.
7.I must ___________
get down to sorting out that pile of papers on my desk.
194
8.The amount of money we raised(筹集) exceeded
________ all our
expectations.
9.I’ll ________the
roll up
carpet now because winter is over.
signaled their willingness to start
10.Both sides have________
negotiations.
allowed an hour for each person to get ready in the
11.I’ve________
morning.
195
of his own for the present job.
12.I think he needs a car ________
13.She is generally
the country.
regarded
as
___________
one of the best writers in
essential to launching a new product.
14.Good timing is ________
196
1. What is her position in the organization?
status
2. He didn’t feel completely comfortable in the strange country.
at ease
3. She went to the United States three years ago. After that we had
no further communication.
Thereafter
4. The cost of the damage was greater than our worst fears.
exceeded
5.She always dresses in the most fashionable clothes.
the height of fashion
6.Our employees, should not act rudely towards customers, however
unreasonable they may be.
behave
197
1. a. The next time I saw him, Frank behaved as if nothing had
happened.
v.
b. Get out of this office and come back when you know how
to behave yourself.
v.
c. It’s hard to change your behavior, even harder to keep it
changed.
n.
2. a. I put the balloon to my lips and blew as hard as I could.
v.
b. Losing his job was a severe blow to ( had a very
damaging effect on ) his confidence. n.
c. She gave the boy a tissue and told him to blow his nose
well.
v.
198
3. a. She rolled up the poster and put it in a cardboard tube.
v.
b. I discovered a dozen rolls of the old paintings in the
attic.
n.
c. The piano’s on wheels, so we can roll it into the room.
v.
4. a. The lecturer illustrated his point by relating his own
experience.
v.
b. The teacher illustrated his lesson with drawings and
photographs on the blackboard. v.
c. This delay is a perfect illustration of why we need a
new computer system.
n.
199
5. a. With his intelligence and diligence, he soon
established his status in the press.
v.
b. He quickly established himself as a leading
member of the company board. v.
c. Since its establishment two years ago, the advice
center has seen over 500 people a week.
n.
200
Extended Activities
B. Function and Structure:
Asking for, Giving, and
Refusing to Give Permission
Key:
1. Would you mind
Not at all
2. I should like to make a phone call here
I’m sorry, you can’t
3. Do you have any objection
I can’t see any objection to
201
4. Any chance of
No, I’m afraid not
can I speak to her
I’m sorry, you can’t
May I
Sorry, out of the question
5. Will you allow me
Feel free to do that
202
C. Practical Reading:
Comparing Different Cultures
Key:
1. Culture B
2. Culture B
3. Culture A
4. Culture B
5. Culture A
6. Culture B
7. Culture A
8. Culture A
203
D. Additional Vocabulary
Key:
Country
China
Japan
France
America
Germany
Australia
Greece
Sweden
Great Britain
Italy
India
People
Chinese
Japanese
French
American
German
Australian
Greek
Swedish
English
Italian
Indian
Language
Chinese
Japanese
French
American English
German
English
Greek
Swedish
English
Italian
Indian
204
Country
Canada
Spain
Portugal
Russia
Brazil
Egypt
Austria
Ireland
Denmark
Korea
Malaysia
People
Canadian
Spanish or Spaniard
Portuguese
Russian
Brazilian
Egyptian
Austrian
Irish
Danish
Korean
Malaysian
Language
English, French
Spanish
Portuguese
Russian
Portuguese
Egyptian
German
Irish
Danish
Korean
Malay, English, Chinese
205
Unit Nine --- Reading I
Miss Manners Wrings the Bell
Warm--up
Text
Translation
Notes
Exercises
New Words
Examples
Extended Activities
206
Text
Miss Manners Wrings the bell
1. Suppose the postman arrived during breakfast and
insisted that you leave the table and read your mail
immediately. Or suppose you happened to be entertaining
guests, doing business, taking a bath, listening to a
symphony or any combination of those activities and were
forced to stop everything and devote you full attention to
anybody who chose to address you.
2. This is what most people allow the telephone to do. It
has become a horrid instrument, always clamoring for
attention with its whiny bell. Like weak parents with a
spoiled child, most people give it what it wants just to shut it
up.
207
3. On the other hand, people justifiably complain that
they are often treated rudely by persons—especially in
business—whom they telephone. Telephoners should
not be put on hold indefinitely, subjected to canned
music, or made to spell their names more than once.
4. One way to avoid such indignities is to make fewer
telephone calls. Indeed, telephoning is not the only —
nor even the quickest --- way of doing business.
Two people who keep different office hours, either
because of their jobs or their time zones, may easily
spend days leaving messages for each other—even
more days than it takes to send a letter.
208
5. Social matters, too, may be better handled by mail, or
nowadays, by e-mail. A whispered long-distance “I love
you ” is sweet, but a written one keeps forever.
6. Here, from my mailbag, are some of the most
common telephone problems—and how to handle them.
7. What is the proper number of rings a caller should
wait before hanging up? I dislike the “ three-ring
phantoms.”
8. Six rings, perhaps eight, if you still suspect the
person of lurking there, hang up and dial again. This
gives you two chances to get the number right –and the
person time to get out of the bathtub.
209
9. A friend called me at home and ate a raw carrot during
the entire conversation. Although I tried to ignore the sound,
I found it extremely unpleasant. Would it have been polite
to say, “Call me back when you’re finished eating?”
10. Miss Manners is in complete agreement with you
except in the matter of taxing people directly with their
social errors. She prefers oblique line of accusation, such
as, “Would you mind calling back—we have a bad
connection. There seems to be a carrot on this line.”
11. What do you think about people who ask you, on the
telephone, “ Who is calling?” before telling you if the person
you asked for is there?
210
12. They are probably mouthing your name at a person
who is wildly shaking his head and hands at the very
mention of it.
13. What should one do upon reaching a telephoneanswering machine? Usually I hang up, as I hate talking to
a machine. I know this is not proper, but what is?
14. It is perfectly proper to hang up on a machine. In fact,
proper and improper behavior do not apply between people
and machines. We have enough trouble being polite to one
another without worrying about whether we treat machines
with consideration.
15. Upon answering the telephone with a pleasant “Hello”, I
am often confronted with the rude response,
211
“ Who is this?” If I surrender my name, am I just encouraging
the unmannerly party to repeat his or her offense ?
16. The proper answer to “ Who is this?” is “ Whom are you
calling?”
17. This question has bothered me for years. What is the
proper response to “I’m sorry, I have the wrong number”?
18. “ That’s quite all right” is sufficient, although there will
always be those who say, “ That’s all right---I had to get up to
answer the phone anyway.”
212
译 文:
方氏小姐打电话
1
假设早餐时邮差来了，并坚持要你马上离开餐桌读邮件。
或假设你碰巧在招待客人，或工作，或洗浴，或听交响乐，或
同时做这些活动，而你被迫停下来，把注意力集中在这个给你
写信的人身上。
2
这就是大多数人让电话所做的事。电话已成为一个可怕的
仪器，总是用刺耳的铃声吵闹来引起你注意。像软弱的家长应
对惯坏了的孩子，大多数人的办法是给它想要的东西，只是希
望使它闭嘴。
3
另一方面，人们有理由地抱怨说，他们往往被某些接电话
的人粗暴对待，特别是有事的时候。打电话的人不应无限期地
拿着电话等着，听录制的音乐，或不止一次拼他们的名字。
213
4
一个避免受这种侮辱的方法，是少打电话。事实上，打电
话不是唯一的---甚至也不是最快的做事的途径。两个办公时间
不同的人，或是因为他们的工作或是因为时差，他们可能会相
互放张留言条，却很容易就花费几天时间，甚至比寄信的天数
还多。
5
社会事务，也许用信件处理会更好，或现在，用电子邮件
处理。 一个长途电话的耳语，“我爱你”是甜美的，但写出来
的话能永远保存。
6
在我的邮袋里，有一些最常见的电话问题---如何处理电话。
7
打电话的人挂断电话之前，应等多少次振铃数是适当的？
我不喜欢“鬼响三声”。
214
8
六声，也许是八声。如果你仍然觉得那个人可能在那里，就挂
断后再拨一次。这给你两次机会拨对号码，并且给别人时间出浴缸。
9
一个朋友在家给我打电话，整个交谈中都在吃生胡萝卜。虽然
我试图忽视这声音，但发现它非常令人不愉快。我客气地说，“吃
完了再给我打电话好吗？”
10
除了直接指责人们的交际缺点外， 方氏小姐与你的观点完全
一致。她更喜欢拐弯抹角的指责，例如，“你会介意再拨一次吗？
我的线连接有问题。好像线上有胡萝卜”。
11 您怎么看这样接电话的人？在告诉你要找的人是否在那里之前，
先问“你是谁？”
215
12 也许他正在说你要找的那个人的名字，可那被提到名字的
人却疯狂地摇头摇手。
13 接听电话录音应该怎样做？通常，我会挂断，因为我讨厌
跟机器讲话。我知道这是不对的。那它是什么？
14 挂断一台机器，这是完全正确的。事实上，在人与机器之
间，无所谓有适当或不适当的行为。我们有够多的麻烦来做到
相互礼貌，而无需担心我们对待机器是否体贴。
15 我用一个令人愉快的“你好！”来接电话，却常常面对粗
鲁的回应，“你是谁？”：如果我交出我的名字，那我不就是
鼓励粗鲁的当事人再使用冒犯语了吗？
216
16
对“你是谁？” 的正确回答是：“你找谁？”
17 这个问题已困扰我多年。怎样才能恰当回应“对不起，我
拨错电话号码了”？
18 尽管总有些人说，“得了，反正我已起身接电话了。”，
其实说“好的，好的。”就足够了。
译者：周 荆 洪
217
Warm--up
I. Brainstorming: Discuss with your partner and list
types and tools of communication most commonly
used in business.
1. Business Communication Type:
telephone calls 电话,
pamphlets 传单,
posters 海报,
various forms of advertising 各种形式的广告,
contact letters 联络信函,
faxes 传真,
news release 新闻发布,
press conference 记者招待会,
218
web sites 网站,
e-mails 电子邮件,
news letters 新闻信件,
meetings 会议,
instant messages 即时消息,
memos 备忘录,
notes 说明,
notice 通知,
messages 邮件,
formal and informal discussion 正式和非正式讨论,
presentation 演示…
219
2. Business Communication Tools:
telephones (standard / fixed / wireless / mobile)
电话（标准 / 固定电话 / 无线 / 移动） ,
pages (beepers) 呼叫器,
facsimile machines 传真机,
notice board 告示板 ,
Personal Digital Assistants (P D As) 个人数位助理,
computers (desktop / laptop / notebook)
电脑（台式机 / 笔记本电脑 / 笔记型计算机）
Internet 互联网…
3. Auxiliary tools 辅助工具:
digital camera 数码相机,
scanner 扫描仪,
printer 打印机,
wireless transmission 无线传输…
220
II. Pairwork: Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. Do you have a mobile phone?
2. What is the plus and minus of using telephone?
3. What do you think is today’s most important business tool?
4. What will you do if the following situations occur while
making a phone call?
221
Situations and What You Will Do:
If you are not the person the caller wants:
Ask the caller to hold the line and fetch the person wanted.
If the line is busy:
Hang up and redial.
If you get a wrong number :
Tell the caller it’s a wrong number and ask him or her to dial again.
If the person you are calling is away:
Leave a message.
If the person you are calling is busy at the moment:
Call back sometime later.
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Notes
1. Miss Manners:
Here right behavior in communication is personified as a
lady of good manners.
2. wrings the bell:
a play on words and a metaphor. Wring and ring have the
same pronunciation, so phonetically they sound the same,
the writer uses wring to replace ring in order to show that
the advice provided by Miss Manners is aimed at
correcting people’s wrong behavior in telephoning. She
seems to be cleaning the bell thoroughly like squeezing
water out of a wet cloth. The expression also means to
catch people’s attention.
223
3. the office hour:
time set for work in an office; business hour.
4. a time zone:
a geographical region within which the same standard
time is used. There are 24 time zones in the world.
5. “three-ring phantoms”:
the unseen callers who only leave time enough for the
telephone bell to ring three times before hanging up.
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New Words
1. wring v. 绞干
2. symphony n. 交响乐
3. combination n. 结合体
4. address v. 向某人说（写信）
5. horrid a. 令人厌恶的
6. instrument n. 器具
7. clamor v. 吵闹
8. whiny a. 尖利刺耳的
9. spoil v. 宠坏
10. justifiably ad无可非议的；正当的.
11. rudely ad. 粗鲁地
12. indefinitely ad. 无限地
13. subject v. 使遭受
225
14. canned a. （俚语）录制的（音乐）
15. indignity n. 侮辱
16. handle v. 处理
17. mailbag n. 邮袋
18. phantom n. 鬼怪
19. suspect v. 觉得可能；怀疑
20. lurk v. 潜在
21. ignore v. 不顾
22. tax v. 指责
23. oblique a. 拐弯抹角
24. accusation n. 指责
25. connection n. 连接点
226
26. mouth v. 说出
27. consideration n. 体谅
28. confront (with) v. 使面对；面临
29. surrender v. 交出
30. unmannerly a. 粗鲁的
31. party n. 一方，当事人
32. offense n. 冒犯
33. bother v. 捆绕；烦扰
34. response n. 答复
227
1. devote to 完全给予
2. shut up （使）闭嘴
3. put … on hold 让……不挂断（电话）等着
4. hang up 挂断电话
5. subject … to 使经历；使遭受
6. suspect … of 觉得可能
7. get out of 出来
8. be in agreement w 与……一致
9. at the mention of 提到时
10. be confronted with 使面对
228
Unit Nine
What words can you associate with the pictures?
wring v.
accusation n.
horrid a.
symphony n.
clamor
v.
justifiably ad.
229
subject
v.
instrument
indignity
n.
n.
230
address
v.
whiny
a.
indefinitely ad.
231
suspect
handle
spoil
v.
v.
v.
232
rudely ad.
unmannerly a.
tax
v.
accusation n.
lurk
v.
233
oblique a.
mailbag n.
ignore v.
234
canned a.
mouth
v.
response
n.
235
bother
v.
phantom
offense
n.
n.
236
confront (with) v.
consideration n.
connection n.
237
combination
n.
surrender
v.
party
n.
238
New Words
1. wring v. 绞干
2. symphony n. 交响乐
3. combination n. 结合体
4. address v. 向某人说（写信）
5. horrid a. 令人厌恶的
6. instrument n. 器具
7. clamor v. 吵闹
8. whiny a. 尖利刺耳的
9. spoil v. 宠坏
10. justifiably ad.无可非议的；正当的.
11. rudely ad. 粗鲁地
12. indefinitely ad. 无限地
13. subject v. 使遭受
239
14. canned a. （俚语）录制的（音乐）
15. indignity n. 侮辱
16. handle v. 处理
17. mailbag n. 邮袋
18. phantom n. 鬼怪
19. suspect v. 觉得可能；怀疑
20. lurk v. 潜在
21. ignore v. 不顾
22. tax v. 指责
23. oblique a. 拐弯抹角
24. accusation n. 指责
25. connection n. 连接点
240
26. mouth v. 说出
27. consideration n. 体谅
28. confront (with) v. 使面对；面临
29. surrender v. 交出
30. unmannerly a. 粗鲁的
31. party n. 一方，当事人
32. offense n. 冒犯
33. bother v. 捆绕；烦扰
34. response n. 答复
241
1. devote to 完全给予
2. shut up （使）闭嘴
3. put … on hold 让……不挂断（电话）等着
4. hang up 挂断电话
5. subject … to 使经历；使遭受
6. suspect …of 觉得可能
7. get out of 出来
8. be in agreement w 与……一致
9. at the mention of 提到时
10. be confronted with 使面对
242
Examples
1. devote to 把……专用于； 把……贡献于；专心致力于
e.g. He has devoted his life to helping the poor.
I don’t think you should devote so much time to this question.
devoted a. 忠实的； 热爱……的； 专用于……的
e.g. He is very devoted to his wife.
devotion
1) n. 深爱；挚爱
e.g. a mother’s devotion to her child
2) n. 献身；忠心
e.g. devotion to duty 忠于职守
a teacher’s devotion to his task
our devotion to our leader
243
2. address vt. 向……讲话；给……写信
e.g. The educator had to address a hostile crowd of teachers.
3. horrid a. 极令人厌恶的；极不友好的
e.g. Don’t be so horrid to me!
4. instrument n. （指用来进行细致工作的）器械；器具;乐器
e.g. surgical / teaching instrument
stringed instrument 弦乐器
wind / brass instrument 管乐器
Instrumental a. 对……重要的；有帮助的
e.g. Wilson was instrumental in introducing new methods of
production.
244
5. clamor vi. 大声疾呼；强烈要求
e.g. The people were clamoring for his execution.
The children were clamoring to be fed.
6. shut up
1) (使)闭嘴
e.g. Shut up! I’m trying to think.
Can’t you shut that dog up?
2) 把（某人/某物）关起来; (尤指商店)下班；关门；打烊
e.g. He shut himself up in his room and refused to come out.
Business was slow so we shut up early for the day.
7. justifiable a. 有正当理由的
e.g. justifiable anger
Is abortion justifiable when the child is unwanted?
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justified a. 有合理解释的；有正当理由的
e.g. I think your conclusions were fully justified.
Under the circumstances, the principal was justified in expelling the
student.
8. rude a. 不礼貌的；粗鲁的；讨厌的
e.g. Don’t be so rude to your father!
I didn’t mean to be rude, but I had to leave early.
It’s rude to stare.
9. put…on hold:
1) 接电话时让人等
e.g. The caller is on hold. 那个打电话的人正等着通话。
2）暂缓；推迟；搁置
e.g. We’ve put the project on hold for a month.
246
10. subject…to:
(常用被动语态)使遭受（痛苦）；
使接受（某种经历）；使蒙受……
e.g. They were subjected to torture.
No one would willingly subject himself to such indignities.
11. canned music: 事先录制好的音乐
canned laughter：事先录制好的笑声
e.g. canned laughter on a TV comedy show
12. indignity n. 侮辱；轻辱
e.g. I suffered the indignity of having to say I was sorry in front
of all those people.
247
13. handle
1) vt. 对付；控制
e.g. It was a difficult situation but he handled it very well.
She really knows how to handle a fast car.
2) vt. 经营；经销；处理
e.g. We do not handle that sort of book.
This branch office handles grain exports.
14. What is the proper number of rings a caller should wait before
hanging up?: In this sentence, a structure formed by “conjunction
+ v-ing”.
e.g. While working in the office, he received a call from his
mother.
After meeting the guest, he returned to his office.
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15. hang up: 挂断电话
e.g. It’s a bad line; hang up and I’ll call you back.
I was so angry that I hung up on her.
16. lurk
1) vi. 暗藏；潜伏着
e.g. Danger lurks in that quiet river.
2) vi. 潜行；埋伏
e.g. The photographer lurked behind a tree, waiting for her to
come past.
There’s someone lurking about outside.
17. get out of : 离开
e.g. Mary screamed at me to get out.
She want for a walk just to get out of the house.
249
21. accusation n. 控告；告发；指责
e.g. How do you answer the accusation that your policies have
caused high unemployment?
22. a bad connection 不清楚，不清晰
e.g. I phoned Ann, but we had such a bad connection that we gave
up trying to talk.
connection n. (联系，关系)
e.g. There is a connection between pollution and the death of trees.
He demonstrated the close connection between social conditions
and health.
23. at the very mention of it: just as / the moment one mentions it.
e.g. He got angry at the very mention of it.
250
24. without +V-ing phrase:
e.g. How dare you do such a thing without consulting me?
25. consideration
1) n. 斟酌；考虑
under consideration 在考虑中，在讨论中
due / long consideration 充分考虑
take sth. into consideration 考虑到某事
e.g. Your teachers will take your recent illness into consideration
when marking your exams.
2) n. 体谅；体贴
e.g. The murdered woman’s name has not been released, out of
consideration for her parents.为……着想
e.g. He never shows any consideration for his mother’s feelings.
251
26. confront
1) vt. 勇敢地面对；对抗；正视；遭遇
e.g. They have confronted the problem of terrorism with great
determnation.
2) vt. 面临；遇到
e.g. He prepared answers for the questions he expected to
confront during the interview.
confrontation n. (with) 对抗；对峙
confrontational a. 对峙的；对抗的
confront sb. / sth. with sth: 使不得不面对，使不得不承认
e.g. When he was confronted with the evidence of his guilt, the
suspect had no choice but to confess at once.
252
18. ignore vt. 不顾；不理；忽视
e.g. My advice was completely ignored.
ignorance n. 无知；愚昧
e.g. Ignorance of the law is no excuse.
ignorant a. 无知的；无学识的；愚昧的
e.g. He is ignorant even of the simplest fact.
I’m afraid I’m rather ignorant about computers.
19. be in agreement with 和……相一致
e.g. In this respect it is in agreement with those theorists.
I found myself in agreement with the lawyer , for once.
20. tax…with 指责
e.g. He was taxed with neglecting the safety regulations.
253
27. surrender
1) vt. 交出
e.g. You will have to surrender your passport at the hotel desk.
2) vt. 投降；自首屈服
e.g. After three days, the hijackers surrendered themselves to
the police.
3) n. 投降；屈服；让步
e.g. un conditional surrender 无条件投降
a surrender to the forces of evil 向恶势力屈服
28．party n. 一方；当事人的
e.g. Are you a party to the agreement?
254
29. offense n. 冒犯；伤害感情
e.g. to give/cause offense to sb. 得罪某人
I hope you won’t take offense (不要见怪), if I ask you not to
smoke.
30. bother vt. 打扰；烦扰；使苦恼
e.g. Don’t bother me with foolish questions.
31. response n. 回答; 应对动作；反应
e.g. I asked him a question but he made /gave no response.
There have been several responses to our advertisement.
Our call for new suggestions evoked very little response.
He opened the door in response to the knock.
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Exercises
Ⅰ. Read the text carefully again and discuss the following questions.
Ⅱ. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
Ⅲ. Give the English words of phrases according to the meanings
provide.
Ⅳ. Put the following expressions from the text in the blanks to
complete the sentences. Make changes where necessary.
Ⅴ. Rewrite the following sentences and replace the underlined words
with appropriate words or phrases from the text.
Ⅵ. Word study: For each of the following clues, use the given prompts
to produce sentences in the same way as shown in the model.
256
1. What does the title “Miss Manners Wrings the Bell” suggest?
The key comes from Note 1 and 2 :
To act as a lady of good manners in communication.
The writer tried to correct people’s wrong behavior in
telephoning.
She seems to be cleaning the bell thoroughly like
squeezing water out of a wet cloth.
The expression also means to catch people’s attention.
2. Why does Miss Manners prefer mail to telephone?
The key comes from Paragraph 5 :
Social matters, too, may be better handled by mail, or
nowadays, by e-mail. A whispered long-distance “I love you ”
is sweet, but a written one keeps forever.
257
3. What are the disadvantages of telephone according to the text?
The key comes from Paragraph 2 and 3:
It has become a horrid instrument, always clamoring for
attention with its whiny bell.
On the other hand, people justifiably complain that they are
often treated rudely by persons—especially in business—whom
they telephone. Telephoners should not be put on hold indefinitely,
subjected to canned music, or made to spell their names more
than once.
4. Why does Miss Manners compare the telephone to a soiled
child? How effective is the comparison?
The key comes from Paragraph 2 :
This is what most people allow the telephone to do. It has
become a horrid instrument, always clamoring for attention with
its whiny bell. Like weak parents with a spoiled child, most people
give it what it wants just to shut it up.
More vivid.
258
5. What do callers usually complain about?
The key comes from Paragraph 3 :
On the other hand, people justifiably complain that they are
often treated rudely by persons—especially in business—whom
they telephone. The telephoner should not be put on hold
indefinitely , subjected to canned music, or made to spell their
names more than once.
6. Why does Miss Manners suggest giving a six-or-eight-ring
call?
The key comes from Paragraph 8 :
Six rings, perhaps eight, if you still suspect the person of
lurking there, hang up and dial again. This gives you two
chances to get the number right –and the person time to get out
of the bathtub.
259
7. What do you think Miss Manners is likely to do on
reaching a telephone-answering machine?
The key comes from Paragraph 14:
It is perfectly proper to hang up on a machine. In fact,
proper and improper behavior do not apply between
people and machines. We have enough trouble being
polite to one another without worrying about whether we
treat machines with consideration.
8. What do you think of Miss Manners’ advice?
Very good.
260
1. The text is mainly about ________.
a. how to make best use of the telephone
b. how to make a phone call at your friend’s house
c. how to deal with some common telephone problems
d. how to avoid rude treatment on the line
2. To avoid being treated rudely by persons you telephone, you
are advised to ________.
a. use the telephone-answering phone
b. make fewer telephone calls
c. hang up the telephone immediately
d. wring the telephone line
261
3. According to the text, it is true to say that ________.
a. telephoning is the quickest way of doing business
b. proper and improper behavior on the line only applies
between person and person
c. it is advisable for you to offer the host some money if you
have to make a phone call in somebody else’s house
d. it is preferable to give only three rings before hanging up
4. By saying “Would you mind calling back—we have a bad
connection. There seems to be a carrot on this line”, Miss
Manners means to tell the caller to “________”
a. call me back because my telephone is out of order
b. call me back because a carrot clogs my telephone set
c. call me back when I have finished my favorite carrots
d. call me back when you have finished eating the carrot
262
5. It can be inferred from the text that__________.
a. postmen in U.S.A. will urge you to read your mail as soon
as you receive it
b. if you get a wrong number, you should tell the caller the
right one
c. telephone brings about modern convenience as well as a
lot of problems
d. the proper answer to “Who is this?” is “Whom are you
calling?”
Key: c. b. b. d. c
263
1. address向某人说 to speak to someone
2. whiny尖利刺耳的 prolonged and high-pitched
3. complain 抱怨 to express grief, pain or discontent
4. lurk 潜在 to exist unseen
5. ignore 不顾 not to take notice of
6. tax 指责 to charge somebody with something bad or
doing wrong
7. consideration 体谅 thoughtful attention to the wishes
and feelings of others
264
8. confront 使面对,面临 to bring face to face
9. offense 冒犯 hurting of one’s feelings
10. oblique 拐弯抹角 indirect
11. Influence影响 to cause to have an effect
12. rudely, unmannerly 粗鲁的impolitely
13. surrender 交出 to give up something as a sign of defeat
14. party 一方,当事人a person who is concerned in some
action or activity
265
confront
surrender
complain…of
subject…to get out of
suspect
shut up
put…on hold
tax…with
devote…to
put on hold for hours when he tried to enter for a
1. John was
_________
talk show on TV.
devoted
to
2. The professor_________
every effort _________
the study
of the diplomatic relations between China and Australia.
subjected the new products_________
to
3. The scientists_________
a
number of strict tests.
suspected of stealing from the fast-food
4. The man in rags Is_________
restaurant.
tax
5. The director of the department_________
the office
with
boy_________
having neglected his work.
266
shuts up
6. She never _________when
she’s around. I can’t stand
that woman.
confronted with the task of designing a
7. The director was _________
new system in management.
8. The people in that small country would never
surrender
_________their
liberty whatever the cost might be.
9. You’ve got a nice family, a nice job, a nice house and a
complain of
nice car. You have nothing to_________.
get out of
10.The dog managed to_________
the garden by
burrowing(钻洞) under the fence.
267
1. To tell the truth, I agree with what they say.
am in agreement with
2. He was very angry. As a result, he left us silently.
He was so angry that he left us with out saying a single word.
3. Helen replaced the receiver before Jack finished what he wanted to
say.
hung up
4. Can you make the dog quiet?
shut the dog up
5. When he talked about what he was going to do, he seemed very
excited.
At the mention of
268
1. a. The quarrel among the visitors certainly spoiled their
appetite for the banquet.
v.
b. The heat in the room is enough to spoil the apples
within two days.
v.
c. There are hardly any grandparents who do not spoil
their grandchildren.
v.
2. a. Some of the graduates seem unable to apply what
they have learned to their work.
v.
b. We’re pleased to announce that your application for
membership has been accepted.
n.
c. The principle of diligence can be applied not only to
language learning but to all under takings. v.
269
3. a, The man was murdered by the gang because he was
suspected of disclosing what they had done.
v.
b. According to the performance of the car, I suspected
that there was something wrong with the engine. v.
c. After investigation, the police consider a 32-year-old
man from London to be the main suspect for the murder.
n.
4. a. They insisted that the feasibility of the project should
be discussed again. v.
b. The man insisted on helping me find a taxi even
though I told him I didn’t need any help. v.
c. At the directors’ insistence the new product was kept
secret.
n.
270
5. a. Out-of-town retail developments often spell the
death of independent high street shops.
v.
b. The report spelled out in detail what the
implications were for teacher training. v.
c. This ancient city still casts its spell over travelers.
n.
271
Extended Activities
B. Function and Structure:
Making Telephone Calls
Key toⅠ.
1. This is Peter speaking.
2. Can I speak to
Hold the line
Hello, Simon Fraser here
This is James Turner speaking
I wonder if I could ring you back later
You can get me on
272
3. Please put me through to extension 2121
Mr. Johnson is not available at the moment.
Can I take a message
I didn’t catch what you said.
you repeat that
Please ask Mr. Johnson to call back
I’m on 46378421 until
Thanks for calling
273
4. There’s no Jay here
you’ve dialed the wrong number
5. Who is it speaking
Could you get…for me
Do you want to leave a message
I’ll tell him that you called
you are wanted on the phone
6. James King is calling Ms Carter
Hold the line, please
she could call you back in a minute
could you take a message for her
274
7. Can I take a message
Would you tell her I rang
I’m so glad you have called
8. Who is it speaking
Could you get Dick on the phone
this is for you
I don’t quite follow you
thanks for calling
275
C. Practical Reading: Yellow Pages
Key:
1. 1213 North Duke.
2. 419-2084
3. From 11:00 a.m. Monday through Thursday.
From 11:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. Friday and
Saturday.
4. 419-3701
5. Great prices, good meals.
6. Villa Dinner Theatre; 410-2308
7. President’s Room; 30 Yancey street
8. Captain Eddie’s
9. No.
10. Pizza Place; 2107 Willowhaven Road
276
D. Additional Vocabulary
Key:
1-4;
2-5;
3-14;
4-1;
5-10;
6-23;
7-19;
8-15;
9-26; 10-2;
11-17; 12-18; 13-22; 14-3; 15-8;
16-16; 17-11; 18-12; 19-7;
21-28; 22-13; 23-6;
26-9;
20-27;
24-30; 25-29;
27-20; 28-21; 29-25; 30-24.
277
Unit Ten --- Reading I
Getting to the Airport
New Words
Warm--up
Text
Translation
Exercises
Notes
Extended Activities
Examples
278
Getting to the Airport
1. After years of study, I have determined there are only two types
of people in this world: those who get the airport early and those
who stroll in as the plane is about to take off.
2. If there were any justice in this world, the early-airport people
would be rewarded for doing the right thing. And the late-airport
people would be punished.
3. But there is no justice. The early-airport people get ulcers, heart
attacks and bite their fingernails to the bone.
4. The late-airport people barely are aware they are flying.
5. I once found myself in an airport bar with a man on the same
flight as me. Our flight had been called three times, but he
insisted we stay for another round.
6. “If we miss this one, there’s always another plane in an hour,” he
said, signaling for two more drinks.
279
7. “To Dhahran, Saudi Arabia?” I said. “There isn’t another
flight for a week.”
8. “I have a theory,” he said .“If you miss your flight, it’s
because God didn’t want you to go.”
9. This is clearly a guy who is never going to get an ulcer.
10. Early-airport people suffer another abuse. They are called
exactly what they are : wimps.
11. I know I was an early-airport person for years .
12. My luggage will get on the plane first ,I told myself .
13. Indeed it will. Which makes it the last luggage they take
off the plane when you land.
14. You know who really gets his luggage first? The lateairport person, who saunters into the airport three minutes
before the plane takes off .
15. The pilot is practically in the air when these people are
still paying off the taxi .
280
16. Then they makes a big fuss at the gate in order to get
their luggage on board .
17. And when we finally take off, all us wimps know that not
only will that late luggage be the first off the plane, but it is
probable sitting on top of our luggage, crushing our shirts.
18. But if I get there real, real early, I told my old wimpy self, I
will get the best seat.
19. Well, just try to show up early and get the seat you
want .Go ahead and try .
20. No matter how early I show up, I was always told that
someone had called two or three years ahead of me and
asked for that seat.
21. I figured it was a conspiracy. I figured there was someone
in America who called every airline every day and said：
“Is that wimp Simon flying somewhere today ? If he is,
give me his seat .”
281
22. The ultimate embarrassment of the early-airport person
happened to me a few years ago when I was flying from La
Guardia to O’hare.
23. When I got the ticket counter, the person there said: “Sir, you
have a seat on the 9:15a.m. flight to Chicago, is that right?”
24. “ Yes,’’ I said .
25. “ Well, it’s only 7 a. m , and the 7:05 a.m. flight has not left
yet . If you hurry, you can make it.”
26. I was too embarrassed to say that I arrived at airports early
so I wouldn’t have to hurry. Instead, I ran down the corridor to
the plane.
27. I climbed on board, out of breath, red-faced ,and stumbled
over a woman’s legs to get to the last unoccupied seat.
282
28. The woman I stepped over was no wimp. She had the guts
to complain. “You should get the airport earlier !” she snapped
at me .
29. “I was here early ,’’ I said weakly, “But then somehow I
wasn’t anymore.”
30. After a lifetime of arguing over whether I really have to
pack 24 hours in advance and set the alarm clock four hours
ahead, I have learned one other fact about early-airport people
and late-airport people :
31. They always marry each other.
283
译 文:
到 飞 机 场
1
经过多年的研究，我确定在这个世界上只有两种类型的人：一
是早到机场的人，二是飞机即将起飞了还在慢慢溜达的人。
2
如果在这个世界上还有任何公正的话，早到机场的人应因为做
得正确而得到奖赏。晚到机场的人应得到惩罚。
3
但是没有公正。早到机场的人得溃疡、发心脏病或使劲地咬手
指甲（紧张不安）。
4
晚到机场的人极少意识到他们是去乘飞机。
5
有一次，在机场的酒吧里，我遇到一个乘同一航班的人。我们
的航班已被通知三遍了，但他坚持说，我们呆会儿再喝一巡酒。
6
“如果我们误了这一航班，一个小时后总还会有另一航班”他
说着又示意加两杯。
7 “是去沙特阿拉伯的Dhahran吗 ？ ”我说， “这一周已没有
另一航班了。
284
8 “我有一个理论， ”他说。 “如果你错过了航班，那是因为
上帝不希望你去” 。
9
显然，这样的人永远不会得溃疡（不知道着急）。
10 早到机场的人遭受辱骂。他们竟被称为： 懦夫 。
11 多年来，我知道我是一个早到机场的人。
12 我对自己说，我的行李能最先上飞机。
13 的确如此。但是，当飞机着陆后，就成了最后拿走的行李。
14 你知道谁真正能最先拿到行李吗？是那些晚到机场的人，那些
在飞机起飞前三分钟还在散步的人。
15 飞行员就要起飞了，这些人仍在付钱打发的士。
16 然后，他们在门口大惊小怪为了把行李登机。
17 我们终于起飞了，我们这些懦夫都知道，最后上机的行李会最
先取到，而且它还可能放在我们的行李之上，压坏我们的衬衫。
285
18
我对自己这个老懦夫说，如果我真的真正早些到，我会得到
最好的座位。
19 是的，就尽量早点去弄到想要的座位。继续努力吧。
20 不管我多么早去，我总是被告知，有人早我两、三年就订了那
个座位。
21
我相信这是一个阴谋。我相信在美国有人每天给每一个航班
打电话： “今天那个懦夫西蒙要乘飞行去某处吧？如果是的，把
他的座位给我” 。
22 几年前，当我乘飞机从拉瓜迪亚到奥哈尔日时，一件尴尬的事
终于发生在我身上。
23 当我到检票柜台时，那里的人对我说： “先生，您订了上午
九时十五分飞往芝加哥的航班，是吗” ？
24 “是的， ''我说。
25 “喔，现在才是上午七时，而上午七时零五分的航班还没有起
飞。如果你快点，您可以乘这一班。”
286
26 我当时尴尬得不好意思说，我早点到机场就是为了不着急匆忙。
相反，我却沿着走廊，跑向飞机。
27 我登上了飞机，上气不接下气，满脸通红，绊到一名女子的腿
后，坐到最后一个空座位上。
28 我碰过的那名妇女可不是懦夫，她有勇气抱怨。“你应该早点
到机场！”她怒气冲冲地说。
29 我怯弱地说： “我提早到这里了 ''。“但后来我也不知我是
怎么回事了。”
30 关于我是否真的提前二十四小时收拾行李，并设置了提前四个
小时的闹钟，我们争吵了很长时间；后来，我还了解到另一个事实，
关于早到机场的人与晚到机场的人：
31 他们总是互相结婚。
译者：周 荆 洪
287
Warm--up
I. Brainstorming: Work with your partner and write out words or
expressions about travel by air.
airline 航空公司
airport 机场
air terminal 航空站
air fares 机票
air ticket 机票
air crew 空勤人员
pilot 飞行员
airhostess 空中小姐
steward 空乘
stewardess 空中小姐 land 着陆
arrive 抵达
fly 飞
depart 启程
take off 起飞
288
first class 头等舱
economy class 经济舱
business class 商务舱
board a plane 登上飞机
tourist class 经济舱
cabin 机舱
get into a plane 登机 get off a plane 下飞机
miss the flight/ plane 错过飞行/ 飞机
cancel the flight 取消飞行
289
II. Pairwork: Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. Have you ever traveled by air before?
If yes, how do you like your air travel experiences?
If not, do you know anything about air travel?
2. What do you think are the primary concerns of most air travelers?
Air travel safety and security, service, airfare, convenience…
空中旅行的安全与保障，服务，机票，方便…
3. What tips would you like to give to a friend embarking on an air
trip?
290
4. What do you think are the most important airline
services for the business travelers?
air-miles awards for frequent flyers
飞行常客航空英里奖励
valet service airport parking
代客服务在机场停车
double baggage allowance
双行李津贴
291
priority status at check-in
优先入住资格
exclusive business lounges
独家商务酒廊
advanced seat selection
高级座位选择
business class selection
公务舱选择
292
comfortable seating / wider
舒适座位/ 更宽广,
fully reclining seats
更充分的躺椅座席
in-seat phone or fax facilities
在座位的电话或传真设施
in-flight catering or free drinks
在飞行中的饮食或免费饮料
293
free newspapers and magazines
免费的报纸和杂志
in-flight entertainment
在机上娱乐节目
on-board duty-free sales
机载免税销售
scheduled flights
定期航班
5. Would you like to get to the airport much
earlier or just on time? And what will you
do if you are late or much too early for the
flight?
294
Notes
1. bite their fingernails to the bone:
biting one’s fingernail is an act showing impatience or
nervousness.
2. This is clearly a guy who is never going to get an ulcer:
ulcer is believed to be usually caused in part by worry. The guy
mentioned in the text seems never to have experienced worry,
hence it is quite unlikely that he will get an ulcer.
3. the pilot is practically in the air when…:
the pilot is about to take off; practically: almost.
295
4. La Guardia:
one of the two airports in New York, the other one being J. F.
Kennedy.
5. O’ Hare:
an airport in Chicago, the biggest airport in the US.
6. after a life time of arguing over…:
after a long argument over…
296
New Words
1. determine v. 确定
2. stroll v. 散步
3. justice n. 公正，公平
4. reward v. 报酬
5. ulcer n. 胃溃疡
6. fingernail n. 指甲
7. barely ad. 几乎不
8. round n. 一巡（酒）
9. guy n. 家伙
10. abuse n. 辱骂
11. wimp n. 懦夫
12. saunter v. 溜达，散步
13. fuss n. 大惊小怪
297
14. crush v. 压碎
15. figure v. 相信，猜测
16. conspiracy n. 阴谋
17. ultimate a. 最终的
18. embarrassment n. 窘迫
19. counter n. 柜台
20. hurry v. 匆忙，仓促
21. instead ad. 代替
22. stumble v. 绊跌
23. unoccupied a. 未被占用的
24. guts n. 勇气
25. snap v. 怒气冲冲
26. argue v. 争论
298
1. take off 起飞
2. pay off 付钱打发人走
3. make a fuss 大惊小怪
4. on board 在飞机上（船上、车上）
5. show up 到达
6. on top of 在、、、上
7. make it 成功
8. out of breath 气喘吁吁
9. argue over 争辩
10. in advance 提前，预先
299
Unit Ten
What words can you associate with the pictures?
counter
n.
snap
v.
unoccupied a.
300
ulcer
n.
fingernail
barely
n.
ad.
301
determine v.
stroll
v.
justice
n.
302
round n.
guy
n.
reward
v.
303
saunter
v.
figure
v.
conspiracy n.
304
ultimate a.
instead ad.
crush v.
305
argue v.
guts
n.
hurry v.
306
justice n.
stumble v.
embarrassment
n.
307
counter
n.
embarrassment
abuse
n.
n.
308
abuse
v.
wimp
n.
fuss
n.
309
New Words
1. determine v. 确定
2. stroll v. 散步
3. justice n. 公正，公平
4. reward v. 报酬
5. ulcer n. 胃溃疡
6. fingernail n. 指甲
7. barely ad. 几乎不
8. round n. 一巡（酒）
9. guy n. 家伙
10. abuse n. 辱骂
11. wimp n. 懦夫
12. saunter v. 溜达，散步
13. fuss n. 大惊小怪
310
14. crush v. 压碎
15. figure v. 相信，猜测
16. conspiracy n. 阴谋
17. ultimate a. 最终的
18. embarrassment n. 窘迫
19. counter n. 柜台
20. hurry v. 匆忙，仓促
21. instead ad. 代替
22. stumble v. 绊跌
23. unoccupied a. 未被占用的
24. guts n. 勇气
25. snap v. 怒气冲冲
26. argue v. 争论
311
1. take off 起飞
2. pay off 付钱打发人走
3. make a fuss 大惊小怪
4. on board 在飞机上（船上、车上）
5. show up 到达
6. on top of 在、、、上
7. make it 成功
8. out of breath 气喘吁吁
9. argue over 争辩
10. in advance 提前，预先
312
Examples
1．determine
1) vt. 找出；测定；确定
e. g. Your parents’ income is used to determine your
level of financial aid．
The purpose of the excise is to determine where we
want to go from here．
2) vt. 决定；支配
e.g. Usually the size of the practice will determine the
number of doctors．
3 ) vt．确定；规定
e.g. The date of the court case was yet to be
determined．
4) vt．决心 (做某事)
e.g. We determined to leave at once．
313
2．stroll vi．散步； 溜达；漫步
e.g. We strolled in／around the park for an hour or so．
The manager was furious when the new trainee strolled into
work two hours later．
“stroll" can also be a noun．
e.g. Let’s go for a stroll．
3．be about to do：将要，正打算
e.g. We were just about to leave when Jerry arrived．
Work was about to start on a new factory building．
The meeting is about to start．
The empire was about to collapse 崩溃．
He was about to leave when he heard his name called．
314
4．justice n. 正义；公正；合理性
antonym：injustice
e.g. They have at last received compensation for their injuries,
so justice has been done．
He claimed with justice that he had not received his fair share．
I wouldn’t dispute the justice of his remarks．
e.g. The police must do all they can to bring criminals to
justice．将某人绳之以法
a court of justice 法院；法庭
5．reward vt．酬报；酬谢；报答；奖赏
e.g. He was generously rewarded．
They rewarded the student with a dictionary for his good
performance in the speech Contest．
How Can I reward your kindness?
315
rewarding a. 有益的；值得做的；可喜的
e.g. Nursing can be a very rewarding career．
6. punish vt. 处罚；惩处
e.g. Some people believe that smacking is not an accept able way
to punish a child．
In some countries women who have abortions can be punished by
imprisonment．
punishment n．惩罚；处罚
e.g. harsh／severe
punishment
You know the punishment for treason，don't you?
We are determined that the terrorists will not escape punishment．
7．ulcer n．溃疡
e.g. stomach ulcer 胃溃疡
316
8. to the bone：This phrase is always used together with other words to
emphasize the extreme or minimum degree．
be chilled／frozen to the bone：to be extremely cold．冻僵
e.g. By that time I was chilled to the bone，exhausted from the
traffic．
I swear you are frozen to the bone．
close to the bone：露骨的
e.g. Some of his joke were a bit close to the bone．
cut something to the bone：把 (成本或服务等) 削减到最低程度
9．do sth．three／four...times：做某事三次／四次
e.g. He made no answer until the teacher called his name three
times．
He did it many times，but every time he failed．
We usually say “do sth．once／twice"，instead of “do sth. one time
／two times"．
317
10. round n． (一轮)
e.g. a third round of peace talks about the Government‘s
latest round of expenditure cuts削减开支.
In the text，it refers to one (drink) for every one．(斟)一巡
(酒)
e.g. We will have another round of drinks before we get
down to work．
11. guy n． (非正式)男人；家伙
e.g. Dave's a nice guy when you get to know him．
pal：n．( 非正式 ) 密友；好友
e.g. We just weren't pals anymore．
buddy：n． (非正式 ) 朋友；伙伴
e.g. We're good buddies．
fellow：n．(过时 )朋友( 用于友好地称呼男人 )
e.g. Hello my dear fellow!
fellow workers／students／countrymen：同事／同学／同胞
318
12．abuse
1) n．滥用；妄用; 虐待
e.g. the abuse of power／drugs
2) vt．滥用；妄用
e.g. He abused his power．
13．wimp n．懦夫
e.g. Don't be such a wimp! 别那么窝囊!
14．saunter vi. 溜鞑；散步 synonym：stroll
e.g. He sauntered in the forest，listening to the chirping
of the birds．
15．pay off： 1) 付钱打发人走; 2) 付清(债务等)
e.g. His work was most unsatisfactory，so we paid him
off at the end of the week．
I just paid off my debt and had no more money for
investment．
319
16．make a fuss：
1) 大惊小怪；小题大做
e.g. I don't know why you're making such a fuss about it
Don’t make so much fuss over losing a pen．
2) 抗议；抱怨
e.g. I‘m going to have to make a fuss about the service in this
hotel．
17．on board： (在船／机上)
e.g. There are 12 children on board the ship．
18．on top of：在......上
e.g. There was a pile of books on top of(=on) the table.
The bird sat on the top of the tree．
There were flags on the tops of many of the buildings．
320
19．show up：
1) (按预期或安排)到达或出现
e.g. Did every one you invited show up?
2) 揭发
e.g. I intend to show up this deception／show up this man for
the liar he is．
20．crush vt．压碎；压坏；压扁
e.g. His leg was crushed in the accidents．
Two people were crushed to death in the rush to escape．
crush a rebellion／uprising／revolt镇压叛乱／起义／反叛
crush sb’s hopes／enthusiasm／confidence
使某人的希望／热情／信心破灭
321
21. no matter how / what etc:
无论，不管 (让步状语从句)．
e.g. Feeding a baby is a messy job no matter how careful
you are．
I'm determined to visit England no matter what it costs．
I’ll finish the job，no matter how long it takes．
I’ll follow you no matter where you go．
22．conspiracy n．阴谋
e.g. a fraud conspiracy 诈骗阴谋
The men Were found guilty of conspiracy to murder．
322
Exercises
Ⅰ. Read the text carefully again and discuss the following
questions.
Ⅱ. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
Ⅲ. Give the English words or phrases according to the meanings
provided.
Ⅳ. Put the following words or expressions from the text in the
blanks to complete the sentences. Make changes where
necessary.
Ⅴ. Rewrite the following sentences and replace the underlined
words with appropriate words or phrases from the text.
Ⅵ. Word study: For each of the following clues. Use the given
prompts to produce sentences in the same way as shown in the
model.
323
1. What has the author found out after years of study ?
The key comes from Paragraph 1:
After years of study, I have determined there are only two
types of people in this world: those who get the airport early
and those who stroll in as the plane is about to take off.
2. Why does the author say that there is no justice in the world ?
The key comes from Paragraph 3:
But there is no justice. The early-airport people get ulcers,
heart attacks and bite their fingernails to the bone.
324
3. Who will get his luggage first ? Why ?
The key comes from Paragraph 14 and 17:
You know who really gets his luggage first? The late-airport
person, who saunters into the airport three minutes before the
plane takes off .
And when we finally take off, all us wimps know that not only
will that late luggage be the first off the plane, but it is
probable sitting on top of our luggage, crushing our shirts.
4. What are late-airport people probably doing several minutes
before the plane takes off ?
The key comes from Paragraph 14:
The late-airport person, who saunters into the airport three
minutes before the plane takes off .
325
5. Why can not you get a good seat even if you arrive at the
airport early ? Please explain.
The key comes from Paragraph 20 and 21:
No matter how early I shoe up, I was always told that
someone had called tow or three years ahead of me and
asked for that seat .
I figured it was a conspiracy. I figured there was someone
in America who called every airline every day and said ：“Is
that wimp Simon flying somewhere today ? If he is, give me
his seat .”
6. Why does the author always arrive at the airport hours
before the plane takes off ?
The key comes from Paragraph 18:
But if I get there real, real early, I told my old wimpy self, I
will get the best seat.
326
7. What happened to the author when he arrived at La
Guardia airport two hours and a quarter ahead of schedule ?
The key comes from Paragraph 23, 26, 27 and 28:
But if I get there real, real early, I told my old wimpy self ,
I will get the best seat.
I was too embarrassed to say that I arrived at airports
early so I wouldn’t have to hurry . Instead, I ran down the
corridor to the plane.
I climbed on board , out of breath , red-faced ,and
stumbled over a woman’s legs to get to the last unoccupied
seat.
The woman I stepped over was no wimp. She had the
guts to complain. “You should get the airport earlier !” she
snapped at me.
327
8. If the author is married, do you think his wife is an earlyairport or a late-airport person ? Give your reasons .
The key comes from Paragraph 30 and 31:
His wife is a late-airport person.
After a lifetime of arguing over whether I really have to
pack 24 hours in advance and set the alarm clock four
hours ahead, I have learned one other fact about earlyairport people and late-airport people:
They always marry each other.
328
(
) 1. The main idea of the text is _______.
a. how to get to the airport early
b. that getting to the airport late is of benefit to you
c. people’s different attitudes towards catching planes
d. that early-airport people are cowards
(
) 2. When the author says “This is clearly a guy who is
never going to get an ulcer,” he means ________.
a. the man is in good physical condition
b. the man is a typical late-airport person
c. the man is immune to any ulcer
d. the man believes in God and he will never fall ill
329
(
) 3. _____ luggage is the last to be taken off the plane after
landing.
a. Early-airport people’s
b. Late-airport people’s
c. Aircrew’s
d. The pilot’s
(
) 4. When the author was flying from La Guardia to O’Hare a few
years ago, _____.
a. he hurried to the airport at 7 a.m. to catch the 7:05 a.m.
flight
b. he arrived at the airport so early that the person in the ticket
counter wouldn’t let him check in
c. he arrived at the airport so early for his flight that the person
in the ticket counter suggested that he take an earlier one
d. he arrived at the airport too late to catch his flight so he had
to take another one
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(
) 5. It can be safely concluded from the text that ________.
a. the early-airport people are sure to be rewarded for
being punctual
b. the early-airport people often suffer from bad health
c. the people suffering from heart diseases usually arrive
at the airport early
d. the early-airport people usually get the best seats as
“first come , first served ” .
Key: c. b. a. c. b
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1.embarrassment 使窘迫 the state of causing somebody to feel
ashamed or socially uncomfortable
2. stumble 绊跌 to hit one’s foot against something and start to fall
3. snap 怒气冲冲地说 to say quickly in an annoyed or angry way
4. saunter 散步 to walk unhurriedly for pleasure
5. figure 相信,猜测 to consider ; to estimate
6. conspiracy 阴谋 an evil plan
7. justice 公正,公平 reward for goodness, punishment for evil; fairness
8. ulcer 胃溃疡 damage to the inside of the stomach
9. wimp 懦夫 a coward
10. guts 勇气 courage
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out of breath
on top of
be about to
have the guts
make a fuss
in advance
make it
to the bone
argue over
show up
a fuss about it , so
1. I said I might be late for dinner but he make
_________
that I thought I’d better arrive on time.
2. He tried numerous times to find a better job and at last he
made it
_________
.
about to leave when Mark arrived so she stayed a litter
3. She was
________
longer.
4. He arrived in may office in less than two minutes, panting and
out of breath .
__________
to show up for the meeting because she missed her
5. She failed _________
train.
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on top of
6. The weight of the air __________
the paper held it down with
so much pressure that the stick broke.
the bone
7. I waited for the bus for so long that I was frozen to
________
when it arrived .
in advance about those behaviors that
8. The child is warned ________
are considered inappropriate.
the guts to tell Paul what a mistake he was
9. No one had
_________
making.
arguing over
10. After dinner ,the couple spent nearly one hour __________
the reeducation of laid-off workers.
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1. Mrs. Baker required the new tenant to pay his first two
months’ rent ahead of time.
in advance
2. Things are looking bad, we might have to pay for the last
time and then dismiss more workers.
pay off
3. Don’t lose heart! Keep trying and you will succeed.
make it
4. Aunt Lucy always gets over-excited about small matters.
make a fuss
5. The porter put the trunk down and stood there with a
meaningful smile, which reminded me that I should pay
and dismiss him first.
pay him off
6. I ran as fast as I could, reaching my office quite
breathless.
out of breath
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1. a. The rock-star is said to be suffering from lung
cancer.
v.
b. Small business have suffered much financial loss
during the recession.
v.
c. There is no doubt that the war will cause
widespread devastation and human suffering.
n.
2. a. That night, the soldiers were enjoying themselves at
a grand reception, not being aware of the oncoming
danger of the war.
a.
b. Health officials have tried to raise awareness ( =
improve people’s knowledge) about AIDS. n.
c. Hellen is still not aware that smoking is doing great
harm to he new baby. a.
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3. a. I don’t want to miss the chance of talking to that
famous pop singer tonight. v.
b. We missed watching the last football game of this
season owing to/ because of the business trip.
v.
c. When did you realized the money was missing from
your account?
a.
4. a. I don’t like to make a speech in public because it is so
embarrassing. a.
b. She read my poem out to the whole class—I almost
died of embarrassment.
n.
c. Guests arriving well ahead of appointed time may
embarrass hosts. v.
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5. a. It took John a couple of days to figure out
what had happened.
v.
b. A comparison of the two figures shows the
estimated profit on investment. n.
c. As one of the well-known figures in public,
he needed to maintain some privacy. n.
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Extended Activities
B Function and Structure: Booking Flight Tickets
I. Practice the following expressions with your partner and
then complete the dialogues.
1. find out how much it costs to fly to Paris from Shanghai.
2. I’d like to confirm my reservation.
do we have to change planes?
How much luggage can we take with us?
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3. are there any flights to Cairo on Sunday?
When do they take off?
4. What flights are there from Shanghai to Moscow for tomorrow?
What time is the plane due to arrive I’d like to book a seat
How much is the fare?
I want a first class ticket to Moscow.
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5. Could you tell me about flights
Is there a non-stop plane
When does the plane take off?
How much does it cost ?
I want an economy class single on that flight.
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C. Practical Reading: Flight Schedule
Key to I:
Airlines
Day
Destination
Flight
Departure
Arrival
United Airlines 1234567
Tokyo
UA838
10:20
14:10
Dragon Air
HK
KA805
14:20
16:40
Asiana Airlines 1234567
Seoul
OZ3345
11:45
14:40
Aeroflot Russian
3
Seoul
SU525
08:50
11:40
1357
Los Angeles
NW5983
17:00
13:30
Northwest
123567
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Key to II:
1. 3.
2. They are OZ3285 and SU525.
3. OZ 3345 and OZ 3285 fly from Shanghai to Seoul daily
and SU525 once a week.
4. They are KA802 (10:45) and NH155 ( 11:30).
5. Flight NH920 of ALL Nippon Airways, departing at
15:15 and arriving at 18:50.
6. Yes, She can fly KA808 of Dragon Air, which arrives in
Shanghai at 18:50.
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D. Additional Vocabulary
Key to D:
1-9; 2-36; 3-38; 4-2; 5-7;
6-16; 7-3; 8-12; 9-17; 10-4;
11-15; 12-14; 13-40; 14-11; 15-10;
16-19;17-34; 18-21; 19-1; 20-27;
21-35; 22-26; 23-30; 24-31; 25-25;
26-33; 27-13; 28-18; 29-20; 30-5;
31-24; 32-23; 33-6; 34-39; 35-6;
36-32; 37-37; 38-22; 39-8; 40-28.
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10 Air Travel
9 Telephone Calls
Have a nice day!
7 Body Language
6 Jewelry
8 Manners
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