Transcript Total Cows

Lignin Effects on Intake and
Ruminal Digestion
OABP Spring Meeting
April 13 & 14, 2011 Guelph Ontario
Dr. Mike Brouk
[email protected]
785-532-1207
Lignin – Enemy of Digestibility
Lower fiber digestibility
Increased retention time in rumen
Increased gut fill
Lower intake
Lower milk production
Reduced body condition score?
Reduced reproductive performance?
Van Soest Fiber Analysis
Ground forage material
Digest with neutral detergent solution
Neutral
Detergent
Solubles
Neutral Detergent Insoluble Fiber (NDF)
( Cell Contents )
Acid Detergent Solubles
Hemicellulose, cell wall N
Solubles ( Cellulose )
Digest with acid detergent solution
Acid Detergent Insoluble Fiber (ADF)
Digest with sulfuric acid
Acid Insoluble Lignin
Application of Fiber Analysis
NDF and Intake
3.2
3
2.8
% of Body
2.6
wt
2.4
DMI
2.2
2
38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54
% NDF of Forage
Effect of Forage Quality
Upon Milk Production
Late
Bud
First
Mid
Mature
Flower Bloom
lb/c daily
Concentrate
20.2
20.2
20.2
20.2
Forage
25.0
22.2
18.9
16.1
Total DMI
45.2
42.4
39.1
36.3
Milk
68.2
63.8
48.4
39.6
Milk:Feed
1.51
1.50
1.24
0.92
Flatt, et al., 1965
Digestibility
• NDF Digestibility (NDFD)
– 30 or 48 hours of incubation in rumen fluid
– Estimation based on lignin content
– in vitro procedure
• 24, 30 or 48 hour
Influence of NDFD on TDN
Forage NDFD and DMI
53
52
51
50
49
DMI, lb/d
48
47
46
40
50
60
70
Forage NDFD, %NDF
Responses of Cattle
45% 50% 55%
NDFD NDFD NDFD
DMI, lb/d
45.1
48.6
51.3
NDF Intake, lb/d 18.7
19.0
21.6
Milk, lb/d
73.2
73.6
70.3
Grass Maturity and NDFD
Legume Maturity and NDFD
Corn Silage Maturity and NDFD
Corn Silage Composition and Maturity
(Bal, et al. 1997. JDS 80:2497-2503)
Moisture
CP
NDF
ADF
Lignin
Starch
Stage of Maturity
ED
¼ ML
2/3 ML
BL
---------------- % of DM --------------69.9
67.6
64.9
58.0
7.5
7.3
7.1
7.0
52.0
44.4
40.5
41.3
32.0
27.1
23.9
24.2
3.3
2.8
2.9
2.7
18.2
28.7
37.2
37.4
Influence of Grain on NDF
Alfalfa Maturity
CP
NDF
ADF
Lignin
Stage of Maturity
Bud
EB
MB
FB
---------------- % of DM --------------22-23
20-21
18-19
16-17
<40
40-45
45-59
>50
<30
30-35
35-40
>40
3.0
3-4
4-5
>5
Reduced Lignin and Animal Performance
Normal BMR – 6 BMR – 18
Sorghum Sorghum Sorghum
Corn
Silage
ADF, %
24.4
22.8
20.8
20.7
Lignin, %
6.14
5.38
5.11
5.12
DMI, kg
23.2
25.2
23.4
24.3
Milk, kg
31.0b
34.1a
32.2ab
33.8a
Oliver, et al. 2004
Lignin and Animal Performance
Normal
BMR
Sorghum Sorghum
Alfalfa
Corn
Silage
ADF, %
27.6
25.2
20.3
21.8
Lignin, %
6.4
5.2
4.7
3.3
DMI, kg
21.5
22.7
24.0
25.3
Milk, kg
21.5c
24.3b
25.2b
29.5a
Aydin, et al. 1999
Application of Lignin in Formulation
• How does lignin impact fermentation?
• What is the interaction between lignin and
intake regulation?
Impact on Fermentation
Reduced digestibility
Increased retention time
Decreased intake
Normal
BMR
Sorghum Sorghum
ADF
Dig., %
Aydin, et al. 1999
32.02c
39.1b
Alfalfa
Corn
Silage
40.3b
48.5a
Control of Feed Intake
• Dry Cow – Transition
– Mobilization of body fat - NEFA
– Fermentability of the diet
• Early to Peak Lactation
– Distension
• Post Peak
– Fermentability of the diet
• Plasma insulin concentration
• Tissue sensitivity to insulin
Potential of Lignin to Influence
Animal Performance
• Early Lactation
– Digestibility
– Intake – Gut Fill
• Post Peak
– Digestibility
Pre-Peak
Post-Peak
Challenges to Using Lignin in Formulation
• Methods of testing
• Within lab variation
• Between lab variation
Normal BMR – 6 BMR – 18 Corn
Sorghum Sorghum Sorghum Silage
ADL, %
2.78
2.54
2.63
2.62
KMnO4,%
6.14
5.38
5.11
5.12
Oliver, et al. 2004
Challenges to Using Lignin in Formulation
• Grouping of animals
– Single Lactation TMR’s
• Lack of data on specific groups
• Identification of first limiting factor of
production or efficiency
Challenges to Using Lignin in Formulation
• Source of lignin
– Cottonseed hulls
– By-product feeds
• Lack of specific recommendations
Current Application in Formulation
• Experimental
• Limited in practical application due to
on farm practices and measurements
Research Needs
• Interaction of lignin with regulation of
intake
– Stages of production
• Group specific performance data
Summary
 Lignin can influence intake and
digestibility
 Lignin can influence productivity and
efficiency of production
 Limited recommendations for TMRs at this
time
 Variable results in the field
 Many variables involved