Transcript 1 Dynamics of Driving

Your Teen Wants to Drive. Are You
Ready?
West Jessamine High School
Driver Education
Getting Started
•
•
•
Graduated Driver Licensing
System (GDL) – Three Stages
Learner’s Permit
Provisional License
(Intermediate,
Probationary)
Full/Unrestricted License
Graduated Driver Licensing
System (GDL): Learner’s Permit
• Requirements:
–
–
–
–
Minimum age (16)
Parental/Guardian Cosign if <18
Tests to be taken (vision & written)
Length of permit 1 year (renewable)180 days
before eligible for road test
Graduated Driver Licensing
System (GDL): Learner’s Permit
• Limitations
– Accompanied by adult (21+) licensed driver in
front passenger seat
– No other front seat passengers
– No driving midnight to 6 A.M. (without cause)
– Zero alcohol tolerance (0.02 BAC)
– Under 18 must complete 4 hour Graduate
Licensing, high school driver ed class, or an
approved commercial driver training school
class
Graduated Driver Licensing
System (GDL): Road Test
The Examiner will inspect the vehicle and examine documents
Applicant will be scored on: stops, backing, turning the car
around, stopping and starting on a hill, parallel parking,
intersection approaches, clutch use (if so equipped), speed,
turns, lane use, right-of-way use, and overall control
Any accident, traffic violation, or dangerous act may result in
automatic failure, and the test will not be completed
A score of 80 out of a 100 is required
If you fail road test you may try 5 more times waiting 7 days
between tests
Graduated Driver Licensing
System (GDL)
• Sanctions:
– License may be suspended
more than six points (under age 18)
more than twelve points (18 +)
Note: KRS 186.470 allows a parent, or guardian, to file an
“Affidavit for Withdrawal of Responsibility” with the
Kentucky Transportation Cabinet that removes him/her
from responsibility for the named minor causing the
minor’s license to be revoked.
Concerns Are Justified
2003 Motor Vehicle Crash Data
•
All Licensed Drivers –196,166,000 (increases about 2 mil/yr)
•
All Drivers Involvement Rate in
Fatal Crashes/100,000 Licensed Drivers – 21.86% (38, 477 crashes with
42,884 deaths)
Aged 16-20 Drivers Involvement Rate in
Fatal Crashes/100,000 Licensed Drivers – 63.36% (Male 87.24%, Female
38.06%) [2001 data]
•
•
•
Percent of motor vehicle deaths for ages 16- 17 compared to all types of
death in the age group - 43% (Male 40%, Female 49%) [2002 data]
Teenagers drive less than all but the oldest people, but their number of
crashes and crash deaths are disproportionately high. Based on crashes
of all severities, the crash rate per mile driven for 16-19 years-olds is 4
times the risk for older drivers. Risk is highest at age 16. In fact, the crash
rate per mile driven is twice as high for 16 year-olds as it is for 18-19 yearolds.
(FARS) Fatality Analysis Reporting System and (GES) General Estimates System
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety Fatality Facts
KY Drivers 16 – 19 years
• Make up 6% of all licensed drivers
• Are involved in 16% of all fatalities
• Are involved in 21% of all injury
crashes
• Are involved in 20% of all property
damage crashes
KY Traffic Collision Facts: 2004 Report
No Safety in Numbers
16-Year-Olds
More Likely to be Killed than Those
Driving Alone
– Carrying One Passenger 39%
– Carrying Two Passengers Carrying 86%
– Three or More Passengers 207%
Social Environment
Parents
Peers
Community/Culture
Media
Enforcement
Driving Behavior
Habits
Impairment
Understanding
of driving
process
Risk taking
Graduate License Program
Driver Education
Driver Characteristics
Age/Sex/Maturity
Personality/Attitude
Knowledge/Experience
Risk Perception
Driving Environment
Road conditions
Volume
Night/Day
Passengers
Risk: The
Chance of
Injury, Damage,
or Loss
How To Help
Driver’s Ed(or not) Is Only Part of the Process
Does your teen need driver’s education?
Driver’s ed provides technical information and basic driving skills.
Classroom presentation provides the basic knowledge. BTW
demonstrates the process.
Picking the best program.
Does program have classroom and in-car instruction?
Does program include risk management/defensive driving?
Does the program provide actual 1 to 1 BTW training?
Does classroom and in-car sessions follow a logical sequence from
basic vehicle-control principles to more sophisticated techniques?
Do instructors evaluate and record the student's progress?
Do BTW lessons follow pre-planned routes chosen for specific
instructional content?
Do driving environments include residential streets, city traffic, rural
roads and expressways?
Driver’s Ed(or not) Is Only Part of the Process
If you choose Driver’s Ed interact with the driving instructor
•Obtain the instructors’ evaluation
•Determine what you can do to reinforce lessons
•Ensure that teen’s needs are being met
•Make your specific concerns known
Regardless of your decision to use driver’s education you
must remain a part of your teen’s learning process!
Your teen spends much more time in the car with you
than with a driving instructor. You are the most
significant element in your teen’s formation of safe
driving habits.
Studies show that it takes about 5 years to obtain the skill
level of the “average” driver.
Support your teen through this period.
• 50 - 60 decisions/mile (@60mph 1 per sec)
• Decisions relate to adjusting time, space, and
visibility within the limits of available traction for
operating conditions (law, other users, road
environment, risk)
• Experienced driver relies on driving habits
• A safe driving career requires driving habits that
encompass proper attitude and proper skill
• To accomplish this, an individual must
acknowledge risk, understand the driving
process, and desire to constantly strive for
improvement
Habit development
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Know what to do
Have a desire to do it
Demonstrate that you can do it
Overcome resistance to change
Understand correct, or incorrect, performance
Practice correctly at least 25 times
Ability to perform correctly without conscious
thought
Constantly remind!
Teach
Don’t Preach
Teaching Tips
Take the Task Seriously
• Schedule sessions as you would any important activity
• Avoid talking on a cell phone, or any other activity that
suggests you are not fully involved
Communicate Clearly
• Don't give too much instruction at once
• Avoid talking about matters unrelated to driving
• Praise correct performance
• Stop often, every 10 to 20 minutes, to review
performance. Don't critique while driving.
• If a mistake is dangerous or critical, pull over
immediately. Keep track of the smaller mistakes and
discuss them when reviewing performance.
Teaching Tips
Communicate Clearly(continued)
• Stay calm, avoid screaming or gasping. Keep a sense of humor
• Say RIGHT for the direction and CORRECT for an affirmative
response/ Identify other cars by COLOR not make and model
• After insuring a maneuver is safe to perform, give clear
instructions, with sufficient time to respond
• Have the novice driver evaluate their performance at the end of
each session. Listen, listen, and listen some more
Develop A Game Plan
• Progress from basic vehicle control to complex maneuvers
• Keep the sessions short but frequent. Start with sessions of 15 to
20 minutes and work up to an hour or more.
• If driver shows signs of fear or extreme stress, quit for the day.
• Provide two or three practice trials on a new maneuver and then
allow it without direction
• Once the driver has more experience, maximize the opportunities
for driving
Help Form Safe Habits
Vehicle impacts solid object at
35mph, it begins to crush and slow
down (transfer of energy).
Each inch of crush dissipates
about 1 mph of energy. Body
continues forward at 35 mph
(inertia).
Vehicle stops in 1/10 sec., body
impacts 1/50 sec later, body
stops in 1/100 sec.
Right Side Mirror View
Rear Mirror View
Left Side Mirror View
Lazy Mirror View
Adjusting the mirrors
• Inside mirror
– frames rear window-viewing
possible without moving head
• Driver’s side mirror
– tilt head 3-5 inches toward left
shoulder, adjust so that left
rear corner of vehicle visible
in right side of mirror
• Passenger’s side mirror
– adjust similarly
• Know your blind spots!
Properly Adjusted
Mirrors
Push-Pull-Feed Steering
Recommended
• 9 & 3 Hand Position
Both hands are on the
wheel. While one hand
pushes up or pulls down, the
opposite hand slides up or
down on the wheel.
Arms/wrists are clear of air
bag, and offers good control
of vehicle.
Poor Steering Techniques
“Hand Over Hand”
- Poses Danger in an Air
Bag Detonation
-Restricts ability to
counter steer
One Hand Offers Limited
Evasive Steering
- Leaves driver off balance
in an abrupt turn
Lateral Movement Process
Check intended path
Before moving left or right whether
•turning,
•changing lanes,
•or pulling from the curb
An operator must ascertain that
the intended path is available,
the right of way clear, and
communicate his movement to
other users
Make the LMP a habit
Check rearview mirror
Activate turn indicator in
direction of move
Check side mirror in direction
of move
Head check in direction of the
move
The Safe Driver
• A safe driver manages risk
by adjusting time, space,
and visibility within the
limits of available traction.
Driving Process(SIPDE)
•
Search
–
•
Look well ahead, scan (far to near)
Identify
–
•
Roadway features & conditions, other users, traffic controls
Predict
–
•
Effect on your intended path of travel
Decide
–
•
Manage time, space, and visibility within the limits of traction
Execute
–
Communicate intent. Accelerate, brake, or steer.
F rni ge V si oi n
C en t ra l
V si oi n
20 -30 se c V S A
12 - 1 5 se c V C Z
4 - 8 se c S top Z o ne
3 - 4 se c F o lol w ni g D si tan c e
Visual Habits
• 20 – 30 sec search (VSA)
• 12 – 15 sec path of travel (VCZ)
• 4 – 8 sec immediate path (Stop Zone)
• 3 - 4 sec following distance
• Mirrors (rear interval) [10x minute]
• Head checks [ any lateral movement]
• Speedometer [1x a minute]
20 sec VSA at:
35 mph = 1022 ft (0.2 mile)
55 mph = 1773 ft (0.3 mile)
3 - 4 se c F o lol w ni g D si tan c e
S di e
M ir row
R ea rv ei w
M ir ro r
S di e
M ir ro r
65 mph = 1898 ft (0.4 mile)
Aggressive Visual Search
Aim high
Get the big picture
Keep your eyes moving
Look for an out
Intersections
Master the ability to
correctly estimate the
interval needed to enter or
cross a traffic flow.
1 sec, 2 sec, etc
Entering an Expressway
4
1. Directly identify gap or vehicle following
gap
2. Transfer visual to rear/side mirror
2a. Begin accelerating to highway speed
AM BULANCE
3
3. Head check of blind spot (fast glance)
3a. Check intended path
AM BULANCE
2
AM BULANCE
AM BULANCE
1
3b. Accelerate into gap - if there is a problem,
DO NOT STOP ON RAMP, go into
emergency strip
4. Adjust speed to highway limits; establish
interval
Approaching Merge Ramps
• Be aware of approaching
merge ramps.
• Immediately scan rear & side
to assess if move to left is
possible
• If possible move out of the
right hand lane to avoid a
closing conflict.
• If impossible to move left be
prepared to adjust speed to
accommodate merging
vehicles
Reduced Visibility
• Reduced visibility from any source
requires a reduction in speed
• The Kentucky’s basic speed law requires
you to operate at a speed reasonable and
prudent for conditions
• Operating at a speed at which you are
unable to stop within the range of your
visibility is illegal!
Reduced Traction
• Reduced traction from any source
requires a reduction in speed
• The Kentucky’s basic speed law requires
you to operate at a speed reasonable and
prudent for conditions
• Operating at a speed at which you are
unable to adequately maneuver within
existing conditions is illegal!
Skid Control
Steer and look in
the direction you
want to go!
Stay off the brake
Off Road Recovery
• Ease off accelerator and Stay Off the
Brake
• Hold steering wheel firmly
• Gently turn steering wheel toward road
• When left front tire gets on pavement
gently steer back
The ABS Difference
Steady
application of
brake pressure
Don’t jerk the
steering wheel
Keeping Fit to Drive
• Fatigue
– Normal
– Emotional
– Illness related
• Emotions
• Illness
• Drugs
– Nonprescription
– Prescription
– Illegal or Illicit
v
s
Driving Process
Search
Identify
Predict
Decide
Execute
Common Mistakes of New
Drivers
Common Mistakes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fail to adjust seat, mirrors properly
Weave in the driving lane
Fixate vision too close to the front of the vehicle
Fail to keep a safe distance around the car
Grip the steering wheel too tightly making it difficult to
steer correctly
Turn entire upper body to check a blind spot
Drive too fast through intersections, on curves or for
current weather and road conditions
Have difficulty avoiding or anticipating mistakes and
bad driving of others
Confusion regarding signs, signals, markings & right
of way rules
Common Mistakes
• Have difficulty judging the time and distance needed to
complete a maneuver
• Slow down when changing lanes, or when merging into
traffic
• Fail to look both ways before moving forward on a green
light
• Fail to appreciate the importance of developing sound
driving habits
• Once the novice driver has had several lessons, they may
feel they know it all.
If Stopped by Police
•
•
•
•
•
•
Stop in a safe location
Stay Calm
Remain in the car/ keep hands visible
Produce documents requested
Be courteous; do not insult/ touch officer
Do not argue, become emotional, make
excuses
• Never offer the officer anything not
requested