11-1188_Ch10

Transcript 11-1188_Ch10

Medical Terminology for Health Professions Ann Ehrlich/Carol L.Schroeder

7th Edition

The Nervous System

Chapter 10

Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the Nervous System

Divisions of Nervous System

• Central nervous system – includes brain and spinal cord • Peripheral nervous system – includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of peripheral spinal nerves © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

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Divisions of Nervous System

The Neurons

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The Neurons

Brain

• Primary Function – Coordinates all activities of the body by receiving and transmitting messages throughout the body • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) – encephal/o © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

Major Parts of the Brain

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Major Parts of the Brain

Cerebrum

• Cerebrum – largest and uppermost portion of brain – divided into right and left hemispheres – hemispheres subdivided to create pairs of cerebral lobes © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

Cerebral Hemispheres

Cerebral Lobes

• Cerebral lobes – frontal lobe: controls skilled motor functions, memory, behavior – pariental lobe: receives and interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors in tongue, skin, muscles – occipital lobe: controls eyesight – temporal lobe: controls hearing and smell, and ability to create, store, and access new information © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

Cerebral Lobes

Spinal Cord

• Primary Function – Transmits nerve impulses between the brain, limbs, and lower part of the body • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) – myel/o Note: Myel/o also means bone marrow.

Nerves

Cranial Nerves

Peripheral Spinal Nerves

Autonomic Nerves System

Sensory Organs and Receptors

• Primary Functions – Receive external stimulation and transmit these stimuli to the sensory neurons  Eyes (sight)    Ears (hearing) Nose (smell) Skin (touch)  Tongue (taste) © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

Key Word Parts and Definitions

• • • •

caus/o

– burning, burn

cerebr/o

– cerebrum, brain

concuss/o

– shaken together, violently agitated

contus/o

– bruise

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Key Word Parts and Definitions

• •

encephal/o

– brain • -

esthesia

– sensation, feeling

esthet/o

– feeling, nervous sensation, sense of perception • -

graphy

– the process of producing a picture or record

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Key Word Parts and Definitions

• • • •

mening/o

– membranes, meninges

myel/o

– spinal cord, bone marrow

neur/i, neur/o

– nerve, nerve tissue

phobia

– abnormal fear

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Key Word Parts and Definitions

• • •

psych/o

– mind

radicul/o

– root or nerve root

tropic

Parkinson’s Disease

Questions

Question

The most sensitive cluster of nerves is at the front of the brain. True or False?

Answer

False.

The most sensitive cluster of nerves is at the base of the spine.

Question

The human brain is 80% –85% water.

True or False?

Answer

True

Question

How much of the oxygen used by the human body is utilized by the brain?

Answer

b. Over 25%

Question

The human body transmits nerve impulses at about 300 feet a second.

True or False?

Answer

True

Answers to Learning Exercises

Chapter 10 Answers

Matching Word Parts 1

10.1.

esthet/o

10.2.

encephal/o

10.3.

contus/o

10.4.

psych/o

10.5.

concuss/o

Matching Word Parts 2

10.6.

mening/o

10.7.

-graphy

10.8.

-esthesia

10.9.

myel/o

10.10.

radicul/o

Chapter 10 Answers

Matching Word Parts 3

10.11.

phobia

10.12.

caus/o

10.13.

cerebr/o

10.14.

neur/o

10.15.

-tropic

Definitions

10.16.

synapse

10.17.

myelin sheath

10.18.

dendrites

10.19.

pia mater

10.20.

hypothalamus

10.21.

sympathetic

10.22.

plexus

10.23.

peripheral

10.24.

thalamus

10.25.

efferent

Chapter 10 Answers

Matching Structures

10.26.

brainstem

10.27.

hypothalamus

10.28.

cerebellum

10.29.

medulla oblongata

10.30.

cerebrum

Which Word?

10.31.

anesthesiologist

10.32.

coma

10.33.

anxiolytic

10.34.

hallucination

10.35.

acrophobia

Chapter 10 Answers

Spelling Counts

10.36.

migraine

10.37.

Alzheimer’s

10.38.

anesthetic

10.39.

epilepsy

10.40.

sciatica

Abbreviation Identification

10.41.

cerebral palsy

10.42.

cerebrospinal fluid

10.43.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

10.44.

post-traumatic stress disorder

10.45.

transient ischemic attack

Chapter 10 Answers

Term Selection

10.46.

delirium

10.47.

myelitis

10.48.

claustrophobia

10.49.

trigeminal neuralgia

10.50.

dyslexia

Sentence Completion

10.51.

cerebral contusion

10.52.

anxiety disorders

10.53.

dysthymia

10.54.

factitious

10.55.

antipsychotic

Chapter 10 Answers

Word Surgery

10.56.

an-, esthet, -ic

10.57.

somn, ambul, -ism

10.58.

electr/o, encephal/o, -graphy

10.59.

par-, -esthesia

10.60.

poli/o, myel, -itis

True/False

10.61.

True

10.62.

True

10.63.

False

10.64.

False

10.65.

True

Chapter 10 Answers

Clinical Conditions

10.66.

bipolar

10.67.

concussion

10.68.

transient ischemic

10.69.

thalamotomy

10.70.

multiple sclerosis

10.71.

insomnia

10.72.

aphasia

10.73.

syncope

10.74.

hydrocephalus

10.75.

hematoma

Which Is the Correct Medical Term?

10.76.

10.77.

10.78.

10.79.

causalgia hypnotic conversion epidural

10.80.

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Chapter 10 Answers

Challenge Word Building

10.81.

neuromyelitis

10.82.

meningomalacia

10.83.

neuroma

10.84.

encephalopathy

10.85.

polyneuralgia

10.86.

neuromalacia

10.87.

meningoencephalitis

10.88.

myelopathy

10.89.

encephalomalacia

10.90.

meningoencephalomyelitis

Labeling Exercises

10.91.

cerebral

10.92.

frontal

10.93.

temporal

10.94.

parietal

10.95.

occipital

10.96.

thalamus

10.97.

hypothalamus

10.98.

medulla oblongata

10.99.

spinal

10.100.

cerebellum