Transcript 01__introduction-ho - ~ Continuous Improvement

TI 2111 – Perancangan Sistem
Kerja dan Ergonomi
Handout Mata Kuliah
Lab. Perancangan Sistem Kerja & Ergonomi
Institut Teknologi Bandung
2006
TI 2111 Work System Design and Ergonomics
TI 2111 – Syllabus
TI 2111 Work System Design and Ergonomics
TI 2111 – Course Description
•Survey of Industrial Engineering methods for
measuring, evaluating, and improving performance
of work systems in organizations.
•Introduction to Ergonomics with an emphasis on
human capabilities and limitations.
•Discussion of application of Industrial Engineering
and Ergonomics design principles to redesign
workstations, work tasks, and work environments.
TI 2111 Work System Design and Ergonomics
TI 2111 – Course Objectives
•Describe the role of Work measurement &
Ergonomics in the workplace
•Conduct a methods engineering study of a
particular job, including methods analysis, time
studies, and work sampling studies.
•Apply industrial engineering and ergonomics /
human factors design principles to the analysis and
redesign of an existing work station, work task,
piece of equipment, work environment, etc.
TI 2111 Work System Design and Ergonomics
Course Texts
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Niebel B. and Freisvalds A. (2003). Methods, Standards, and
Work Design, 11th ed., McGraw-Hill, Boston
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Wickens C. et al., (2004). An Introduction to Human Factors
Engineering, 2nd ed., Pearson Prentice Hall, London
TI 2111 Work System Design and Ergonomics
Course Topics
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Introduction: Definitions, historic review, motivation
Work System Design
 Definitions, objectives and performance measures
 Time study: methods & equipment
 Performance Rating and Allowances
 Standard Times
 Predetermined Time Systems
 Work Sampling
Ergonomics
 Introduction
 Visual, Auditory, Cognition
 Display and Control
 Biomechanics, Physiology
TI 2111 Work System Design and Ergonomics
Grading (subject to change)
Course Requirement
Percentage of grade
Examinations (2)
60%
Quizzes
10%
Homework (2)
15%
In-class activities
15%
Class participation
Bonus
TI 2111 Work System Design and Ergonomics
Miscl.
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Regular class attendance and participation
This class is designed to allow students to apply the
concepts, no one correct solution
All written assignments will be graded on the quality of
the work. It is expected that each student will provide
well-written and defended solutions to the problems for
this class. Only legible handwriting will be graded.
If you have a dispute about a grade for any assignment
or examination, provide the instructor with a written
explanation no later than 1 week after the work was
returned to you. I do make mistakes, so please don’t
hesitate to bring them to my attention.
I will strive to make this an exciting class. I welcome your
suggestions for improving the course at any time.
TI 2111 Work System Design and Ergonomics
Do’s and Don’t
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Do read the material before
class...
Do your homework …
Ask questions …
Don’t wait till the last minute …
Don’t even think about copying
others …
TI 2111 Work System Design and Ergonomics
Tentative Schedule (Subject to Change)
Week
Topic
Reading Assignments
1
Course introduction, History, & Motivation
1.1
2
Problem solving and operation analysis tools (7 tools, 5W-1H, 5Why, charts,
etc.)
Motion study & Principles of motion economy
1.2, 1.3
1.4
3
Kaizen, Poka Yoke, SMED
Time study: Concept & Introduction
1.9
4
Time study: Cycle time, rating factors, and allowance
1.10, 1.11
5
Time study: Standard time
Predetermined time systems
1.12
1.13
6
Work sampling
1.14
7
Wage payment
Midterm exam
1.17
8
Intro to Human Factors Engineering
Visual sensory system
2.1
2.4
9
Auditory system
Cognition system
2.5
2.6
10
Display
Control
2.8
2.9
11
Engineering anthropometry
Biomechanics of work
2.10
2.11
12
Work Physiology
Stress and Workload
2.12
2.13
13
Safety, accidents, and human error
HCI and Automation
2.14
2.15 & 2.16
14
Selection and Training
Guest lecture
2.18
TI 2111 Work System Design and Ergonomics
1. Introduction
TI 2111 Work System Design and Ergonomics
Industrial Engineering ?
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1948: American Institute of Industrial Engineering (AIIE)
(www.iienet.org)
…is concerned with the design, improvement, and installation of
integrated systems of people, material, information, equipment, and
energy. It draws upon specialized knowledge and skills in the
mathematical, physical, and social sciences together with the principles
and methods of engineering analysis and design to specify, predict, and
evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems.
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.. .is concerned with the analysis, design, installation, control,
evaluation, and improvement of socio-technical systems in a manner
that protects the integrity and health of human, social, and natural
ecologies. A socio-technical system can be viewed as any organization
in which people, materials, information, equipment, procedures interact
in an integrated fashion
TI 2111 Work System Design and Ergonomics
Modern industrial
organization
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Increasing competition
(increased number of
competitors)
Stiffer requirements for
international competitiveness
(i.e. ISO standards)
High sophistication in quality of
products demanded by
customers
…
Productivity
Quality
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Safety
Comfort
TI 2111 Work System Design and Ergonomics
“We are in a new economic age. We can no
longer live with commonly accepted levels of
delays, mistakes, defective materials and
defective workmanship.”
W. Edward Deming, 1968
TI 2111 Work System Design and Ergonomics
Performance measures
TI 2111 Work System Design and Ergonomics
Ways to improve performance of a work
system:
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Improved layout, workflow,
and material handling
Training
Work simplification
Job/tools redesign
Improved work environment
Workers selection
Methods
Standards
Work design
Ergonomics
TI 2111 Work System Design and Ergonomics
Work System Design (& Ergonomics) –
“PSK&E”
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Purpose : To increase productivity in industry, while
maintaining worker health and safety thru:
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Work Measurement
Methods Engineering
Continuous and repetitive process
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Work measurement (e.g. Time study)
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A process for measuring …
Work Methods
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Systematic procedure for analyzing a given task
TI 2111 Work System Design and Ergonomics
TTCK → PSK&E (Sutalaksana, 1979)
TI 2111 Work System Design and Ergonomics
“PSK&E” - Objectives
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Minimize times (Fig. 1.2)
Improve quality and reliability
Minimize direct and indirect material cost
Maximize the safety and well being of the
workers
Increase job interest and satisfaction for the
workers
TI 2111 Work System Design and Ergonomics
PSK&E - Applications
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Design and improvement of work methods
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Establish a standard work methods and standard time
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Training & Workers selection
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Lay-out design
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Economic analysis, costing, task evaluation
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Reward & workers motivation
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Production planning and control
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Product design
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…
TI 2111 Work System Design and Ergonomics
Historical Development
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The origin of time study
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Frederic W. Taylor
Frank Lillian Gilbreth
Henry L. Gantt
Henry Ford
Elton Mayo
TI 2111 Work System Design and Ergonomics
Frederic W. Taylor (1856-1915)
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Founder of the ‘Scientific Management’ term
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Emphasized on:
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Increasing throughput
Reducing manufacturing costs
As a result, increasing workers’ salaries
Tools (how to do the above):
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Divide the task into small elements
Separate the non-required from the required elements
Setting standards: time, quality, methods.
Specialization: training for a specific job
TI 2111 Work System Design and Ergonomics