Transcript Document

EU-Malaysia Biomass Stakeholders Knowledge
Exchange Session
Conversion of Biomass Using
Proprietary Technologies
– Lurgi‘s Experiences
Uwe Zwiefelhofer
Lurgi Sdn Bhd A-9-1 Wisma HB Megan Avenue II Jalan Yap Kwan Seng 50450 Kuala Lumpur
Tel: +6 03 2164 6446 Fax: +6 03 2164 5448 Email: [email protected]
Biomass to Fuels in 1950’s ….
… the direct approach….
This Presentation

Lurgi at a Glance

Biomass Availability

Conversion of Biomass: Challenges, Concepts

Technology Overview and Status

Economics
This Presentation

Lurgi at a Glance

Biomass Availability

Conversion of Biomass: Challenges, Concepts

Technology Overview and Status

Economics
Lurgi at a Glance
Lurgi Portrait
1500 Engineers, that deliver Innovative Technologies and
Plants from One Hand for Oil, Coal and Gas Industry
Studies, Basic -, Detail
Engineering, Licence,
Procurement
Proprietary
Technologies
Market Leader
CTC,dGTC,
Biofuels
Research and
Development
Member of
Technology and
EPC Expertise
Total Customer Focus
Innovative Solutions
Single Line
Responsibility
Project Management,
Turn Key Execution
Technical Services
Lurgi at a Glance
E&C : Engineering and Construction
E&C Cryogenics
E&C Lurgi
1 300 Employees in 8 Engineering Centers
1 500 Employees in 6 Engineering Centers
Champigny
Houston
Frankfurt
Krakow
Vitry
Beijing
Harima
Shanghai
Hangzhou
Houston
Delhi
Hyderabad
Air Liquide : Relies on > 100 years of in-house Engineering and Technologies Engineering Capabilities: Doubled with
Acquisition of Lurgi Strong Force: 2800 Engineers in the E & C Activities
Johannesburg
Lurgi at a Glance
Technology Portfolio
Traditional
Alternative
Renewable
(from crude oil)
(from gas & coal)
(from biomass)
Chemicals, Fuels & Energy
 Sel. Refinery
technologies
 Hydrocracker
 FCC
 HDS
 Aromatics
 Polymers
 Petchems
 Gasification
 Syngas
 Hydrogen
 Methanol
 MTP
 DME
 FT
 SNG
 MPG
 Biodiesel
 Ethylester
 Fatty Acid
 Fatty Alcohol
 Bioethanol
 Biomass to Liquids
(R&D)
Lurgi at a Glance
Hydro
Treating
Native / Waste
Bio Oils
Pre Treatment
Reforming
Gasification
Energy
Crops
Biomass
Pressing /
Extraction
Pyrolysis
BioSyncrude
Lurgi Technologies
Gasification
Sulfur
SynGas
Management Conditioning
Petro
Chemistry
H2 / CO
Green Diesel
CO2
CleanSynGas
DME
Methanol
Chem
Cold
box
Fischer MethanTropsch
ation
Petrochemicals
Fuels / Gases
Chemicals
Bio
Chem
Gasification
Raw
SynGas
Refinery
Petrofuels
Oil
Seeds
Cereals
Heavy
Residues
MTP
Product
Coal
Nat. Gas
Trans-Esterification
Crude Oil
Fermentation
Feedstock
Lurgi – Technologies for Fuels and Chemicals
Chemicals
Polymers
MTBE
Additives
M15
M100
Diesel
LPG
Propylene
Polypropylene
Formaldehyde
Acetic Acid etc.
Synfuel
SNG
H2
CO
Bio-Ethanol:
Gasoline
Bio-Diesel:
Diesel
Food,
OleoChemicals
Lurgi at a Glance
Traditional
Hydro
Treating
Reforming
Gasification
Energy
Crops
Biomass
Pressing /
Extraction
Pyrolysis
BioSyncrude
Lurgi Technologies
Gasification
Sulfur
SynGas
Management Conditioning
Petro
Chemistry
H2 / CO
Green Diesel
Fuels / Gases
Bio
Chem
Gasification
Raw
SynGas
Refinery
Petrofuels
Oil
Seeds
Cereals
Heavy
Residues
CO2
CleanSynGas
MTP
Product
Coal
Nat. Gas
Pre Treatment
Renewable
DME
Methanol
Chem
Trans-Esterification
Crude Oil
Alternative
Native / Waste
Bio Oils
Fermentation
Feedstock
Lurgi – Technologies for Fuels and Chemicals
Cold
box
Fischer MethanTropsch
ation
Petrochemicals
MTBE
Additives
Refinery
Chemicals
PetroChemistry
Chemicals
Diesel
LPG
Propylene
Polypropylene
M15
M100
Synfuel
GtL = Gas to Liquid
CtLFormaldehyde
= Coal to Liquid
Acid etc.
BtL =Acetic
Biomass
to Liquid
SNG
H2
CO
Bio-Ethanol:
Gasoline
Bio-Diesel:
Diesel
Biodiesel
BioethanolFood,
OleoChemicals
This Presentation

Lurgi at a Glance

Biomass Availability

Conversion of Biomass: Challenges, Concepts

Technology Overview and Status

Economics
Biomass Availability
Biomass from Palm Oil Production
World annual oil palm biomass
generation from 1980 to 2005
T.L. Kelly-Yong et al. / Energy Policy 35 (2007)
Huge quantity and availability of oil palm related biomass:
EFB, Palm Kernel Shells, Fibers, Trunks, Fronds….
Biomass Availability
Biomass from Palm Oil Production
1,1 t
Empty Fruit Bunches
1 t Crude Palm Oil generates…
...more than
4.5 tonnes
of
Waste
Biomass*
0,7 t
Mesocarp Fibres
0,3 t
Palm Kernel Shells
2,4 t
Oil Palm Frond Leaves
* Excludes POME
Palm Kernel Cake
andand
Trunks
Biomass Availability
Biomass from Palm Oil Production
Total Waste Biomass Generation (2006):
Malaysia:
approx 9.6 million tonnes
gasoline and diesel
approx 72 million tonnes
BTL Plant
World:
185 million tonnes
or
80 % of Malaysia‘s
gasoline and diesel
consumption
This Presentation

Lurgi at a Glance

Biomass Availability

Conversion of Biomass: Challenges, Concepts

Technology Overview and Status

Economics
Conversion of Biomass: Challenges, Concepts
A Major Issue – Energy Density
Model shows the
volume of different
materials which is
equivalent to 1 ltr of
hydrocarbon oil
How to design the
logistics of Largescale plants?
Conversion of Biomass: Challenges, Concepts
Distributed Biomass
Transportation
Radius
Energy density
[GJ/m3]
Eg EFB: 1.5
25 km
Oil/Slurry: 20
Regional intermediate fuel production
e.g. at Oil Palm Mills
250 km
Diesel: 36
Central syngas and
fuel production
Conversion of Biomass: Challenges, Concepts
The Bioliq BTL Development
R
Bioliq-Process: Joint Development by FZK *) / Lurgi and sponsored by FNR*)
Sulphur CO2
Oxygen
Biomass
EFB,
Trunks...
Fast
Pyrolysis
Decentralised Bio
Syncrude Plants
High
Temp.
Gasification
Fischer
Tropsch
Gas
Cleaning
Chemicals
Methanol
Centralised Synfuels Plant
Plant size:
Plant size:
20 – 100 MW Input
1,000 – 5,000 MW Input
-> 9 mil tpa Biomass
-> 1,2 mil tpa Synfuel
35,000 – 180,000 tpa
Biomass
Source: FZK
Storage & Transport of Bio-Oil
Synfuels
Methanol
to Fuels
Fuels
This Presentation

Lurgi at a Glance

Biomass Availability

Conversion of Biomass: Challenges, Concepts

Technology Overview and Status

Economics
Technology Overview & Status
Pyrolysis Process of Lurgi / FZK
Straw, Hay a.o.
Shredder
hot sand ca. 500
Cold, shredded straw
M
Heater
Heizer
Sandkreislauf
Sand
Cycle
Pyrolysis gas
Pyrolysis Oil
Cooler
Coke
Slurry
Pyrolysis Coke
M
The Lurgi flash-coker
Source: FZK
Double Screw Reactor
Technology Overview & Status
Results Fast Pyrolysis Process of Lurgi / FZK - Plant
Converting different types
of waste Biomass to
“Bio Syncrude”
 Mechanically fluidized sand at 500°C (no dilution by gas),
 fast transport with good radial mixing
 (2 s gas retention time)
 fast heat transfer, „ball milling“ effect
Technology Overview & Status
Synthetic Fuels from Biomass Pyrolysis Plant
12 t/d Fast Pyrolysis Demo Plant in Germany
Technology Overview & Status
Applications of Bio-Oil
Chemicals
Gasification
Process heat
Gas
Extraction
Conversion
Transport
fuels etc
Turbine
Fast
Pyrolysis
Liquid
Electricity
Engine
Charcoal
Pyrolysis heat
Co-firing
Boiler
Sources: IEA Bioenergy: T34:2007:01
Heat
Charcoal
applications
Technology Overview & Status
The Bioliq BTL Development
R
Bioliq-Process: Joint Development by FZK *) / Lurgi and sponsored by FNR*)
Sulphur CO2
Oxygen
Biomass
EFB,
Trunks...
Fast
Pyrolysis
Gasification
Gas
Cleaning/
Conditioning
Fischer
Tropsch
Synfuels
Chemicals
Methanol
Methanol
to Fuels
Fuels
*) FZK = Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe
FNR = Fachagentur fuer Nachwachsende Rohstoffe
This Presentation

Lurgi at a Glance

Biomass Availability

Conversion of Biomass: Challenges, Concepts

Technology Overview and Status

Economics
Economics of Biomass to Liquids
Economic Framework
• BTL – Fuels require political support on international level (tax, mandate, etc)
Production
• CER can help to increase economics (for non-annex 1 countries)
Pyrolysis gasification, FT-Synthesis
cost
Biomass Transport
Biomass Harvest & Collection
Mineral Oil Tax
Refinery Conversion
Crude Delivered
(Capacity, 1 mil tpa)
Sources: Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe
(Fossil) at
Economics of Biomass to Liquids
Production Cost Estimate
40% - 60% Labour cost
(European basis)
32
Straw
18
Transportion of straw
8
Fast pyroylsis
5
18
Gasification
and FTsynthesis
Staff
12
5
2
Sources: Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe
Economics of Biomass to Liquids
Costs of Feedstocks
USD / t
160
12
USD /
MMBTU
140
10
120
8
100
80
6
60
4
40
2
20
0
0
Natural
Gas
Coal
(High
Caloric
Value)
Coal
(Low
Caloric
Value)
Straw
(Germany)
Oil Palm
Empty
Fruit
Bunches
(Malaysia)
Costs of Feedstocks (on
weight basis)
Costs of Feedstocks (on
energy basis)
Summary
 Major technologies in the BTL process chain are
commercially available today
 Economics of BTL depend to a great extent on feedstock
sourcing – Asia is predestined to utilize their rich biomass
resources for BTL
 A political framework, incentives and CDM are crucial for the
deployment of BTL
 Lurgi offer‘s the entire process chain for BTL
The Sun and Plants Deliver Enough Renewable
Energy and Raw Materials for Mankind‘s Needs
Thank
You