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LNG in-ground tank
March 6th, 2006
Kajima Corporation
LNG in-ground tank:
Kajima's construction experience
- From 1976, delivered LNG in-ground tanks of
various capacity from 650 kl to 200,000 kl
- 26 LNG in-ground tanks in Japan with combined
capacity of 2,370,000 kl
Structure of LNG in-ground tank
Steel roof / Insulation
Concrete roof
Banking
Side heater
Membrane
Insulation
Concrete segment
Side wall
Diaphragm wall
Gravel layer
Bottom heater
Bottom slab
Concrete roof
Diaphragm wall
Membrane
Side heater
Concrete segment
Insulation
Bottom heater
Embedded tank
Banking
- Harmonious with the ambient environment
- Highly reliable and safe
- Multipurpose uses of the ground above the banking
Bottom slab structure
Bottom slab
(pressure-reducing slab)
Pressure-reducing slab can be applied to the ground
where the water seepage is anticipated to be small.
Earth retaining structure
Vertical NATM
Earth retaining structure by vertical NATM can be applied
to the self-supporting ground where the water seepage
is anticipated to be small.
Cryogenic test for concrete structure
Determining low temperature characteristics of material
Low temperature bending test
of RC beam
Low temperature tensile test
of reinforcing bar
Test for frozen soil
Determining mechanical properties
and expansion pressure of frozen soil
Test for frozen soil
by using 3-dimensional model
Test for frozen soil
by using 2-dimensional model
Estimation of strength for RC roof
Estimation of strength for RC roof including
bucking analysis considering non-linearity of
material and shape
Earthquake observation and analysis
Determining seismic behaviour based on the analysis from
various perspectives, by using a wealth of observation data
Wave patterns of the acceleration
of the ground and the tank
Automatized reinforcing bars distributing robot
Air support construction method
1. Construction of
side wall
2. Assembly of
steel roof
5. Air support construction
(concrete placing)
6. Completed
3. Air lifting
4. Installation of
steel roof
High performance concrete "Supercrete"
Cost reduction due to development of Supercrete, a high
performance concrete with compressive strength of 80
N/mm2
Verification test of supercrete
Supercrete slurry wall
Excavation machine for thinner diaphragm wall
Better construction environment and less loosening
problems of the natural ground, compared with
conventional spraying method
Excavation machine for thinner
diaphragm wall and finished
concrete wall
Self-elevating scaffolding
Self-elevating scaffolding can be used for the construction
of the structure, such as assembly of concrete segment for
side wall, erection of reinforcing bars, installation of outer
forms and so forth.
Self-elevating scaffolding
Assembly of concrete segment using
self-elevating scaffolding
Machine for assemblage and erection
of reinforcing bars
Assemblage, transportation and installation of reinforcing
bars can be done collectively in the working yard.
Erection of assembled reinforcing bars
All weather type rapid construction method
Roof is assembled, prior to construction of side wall.
After that, insulation and membrane are installed
concurrently with construction of side wall.
→ Shortening of construction period (Rapid construction)
In-ground type + Aboveground type (PC, metal)
Composite structure of conventional in-ground tank
and PC (metal) aboveground tank
(Aboveground tank is built on the top of side wall of
in-ground tank. )
Steel + Concrete roof type
RC roof is built around the outer perimeter of steel
roof, to the enlarge inner diameter of the tank
→ Large-sized tank as much as 100m in diameter
Automated pneumatic caisson method
LNG in-ground tank can be built without earth
retaining wall and cut-off wall.
Comparison of structures for the next large-sized tank
Case 1 (Rigid connection type: 200,000 kl)
Case 2 (250,000 kl tank)
Case 3 (300,000 kl tank)
Case 4 (Semi in-ground tank: 250,000 kl)
LNG aboveground tank
Type of LNG tank
Single containment tank
Elevated base
Double containment tank
Reinforced concrete outer tank wall
Earth embankment
Pit-in (double containment) tank
Reinforced concrete pit
Elevated base
Double containment tank
Prestressed concrete outer tank wall
Full containment tank
Reinforced concrete roof
Prestressed concrete outer tank wall
Construction procedure
1. Foundation work
- Soil improvement
- Pile foundation
2. Base slab and PC outer tank wall
PC
outer tank wall
PC防液堤
Bottom
heater
底部加温装置
Base slab
基礎版
3. PC outer tank wall
4. Mechanical work
Mechanical work:
- Liner for the outer shell bottom
- Assembly of inner & outer roof
Assembly of roof 屋根組立
PC
outer tank wall
PC防液提
Liner for the
外槽底部ライナ
outer shell bottom
- Lifting up the roof
- Liner for the side of outer shell
- Bottom insulation
- Bottom and side of inner tank
Lift
up
屋根浮上
Side
of inner tank
内槽側板
側部外槽ライナ
Liner
for the outer shell
Bottom
内槽底板of inner tank,
Bottom
底部保冷insulation
底部冷熱抵抗緩和部
Bottom
PUF panel
5. PC outer tank wall
6. Mechanical work
- Close the opening
- Prestressing
- Water pressure test
- Pressure test
- Pneumatic test
PUF panel for side wall
プレストレス
Prestressing
導入
Water pressure test
水張、耐圧、気密試験
Pressure test
Pneumatic test
側部冷熱抵抗緩和部
PUF panel for side wall
7. Mechanical work
- Side and roof insulation
8. Mechanical work
- Tests & cooling down
Start of the operation
内槽側板
Side of inner
shell
側部保冷
Side insulation
側部冷熱抵抗緩和部（PUF)
PUF panel
側部外槽ライナ
Side of outer shell liner
Bottom heater
Conventional type
Trombone shape type
Kajima type
鹿島提案の底部ヒータ管配置平面図（トロンボーン配置）
PUF panel
PUFｷｬｯﾌﾟ
PUF
cap
スタッドボルト
Stud
bolt
PC躯体
PC structure
表面材（ALGC）
（工場加工）
PUF（硬質ウレ
表面材
Surface
material
（現場施工）
(in-situ installation)
ライナープレート
Liner
plate
合
PUF
(in-situ injection & foam)
PUF現場
注入発泡
冷熱抵抗緩和材
表面材（ALGC）
（現場施工）
冷熱抵抗緩和材
PUF
panel
PU
（一
ナット、合板ﾜｯｼｬ
表面材（ALGC）
（現場施工）
PUF現場注入発泡
施工概要図
※
※ﾗｲﾅｰﾌﾟﾚｰﾄ重なり部は重なり代+α
ボルト穴部および目地部詳細
Construction experience
Petrochemical complex
in Oita, Japan