Global Assessment Report for Disaster Risk Reduction 2011

About ISDR and DRR

ISDR: International Strategy for Disaster Reduction • Successor programme of the IDNDR (International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, 1989-1999) • GA Res 54/219 and 56/195 establish the secretariat, under the authority of the USG for Humanitarian Affairs, and the IATF-DRR • GA Res A/RES/61/198 transforms the IATF DR into the Global Platform for DRR, thus including Governments

What is Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)?

• A conceptual framework consisting of ways and means: – To minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks.

– To avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) the adverse impacts of hazards within the broad context of sustainable development.

World Conference on Disaster Reduction

Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 (HFA) - Building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters

• 168 Governments, 78 regional and int’l orgs, and 161 NGOs attended • Integrate disaster risk reduction into policies, plans and programmes of sustainable development and poverty reduction • Recognize risk reduction as both a humanitarian and development issue – in the context of sustainable development • Focus on national and local implementation, with bilateral, multilateral, regional and international cooperation

World Conference on Disaster Reduction

Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 (HFA)

• Three strategic goals: •The integration of disaster risk reduction into sustainable development policies and planning •The development and strengthening of institutions, mechanisms and capacities to build resilience to hazards •The systematic incorporation of risk reduction approaches into the implementation of emergency preparedness, response and recovery programmes

World Conference on Disaster Reduction

Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 (HFA)

• Five priorities for action: •Governance: ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority with strong institutional basis for implementation •Risk identification: identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning •Knowledge: use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels •Reducing the underlying risk factors in various sectors (environment, health, construction, etc.) •Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response

Build a disaster risk reduction movement – ISDR system

 Our objective: To reduce disaster risk, worldwide, focussing on nations and communities  The instrument:  The vehicle: Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 ISDR system ‘movement ’

About the GAR

Global Assessment Reports (GAR) • Both a product and process – for evidence generation and policy engagement • Engaging partners from governments, UN agencies, international organisations, civil society organisation, academic institutions and many more since 2007 • Two iterations, in 2009 and 2011 • Both launched by UN Secretary General and received highest level of attention • Informed the 2 nd Platform and 3 rd session of the Global

Global Assessment Report (GAR) • More than 500,000 chapter down loads • More than 10,000 copies distributed • More than 130 governments participated in reviewing their progress in DRR • More than 25 countries developed national disaster loss databases • More than 30 organizations participated in research and analysis

GAR 2009: Risk and poverty in a changing climate • Focused on the identification of drivers of risk and what needs doing • Increase our understanding of the causal factors of risk and of it ’s consequences for human and economic development • Propose policy initiatives to address gaps and challenges

GAR 2011: Revealing Risk, Redefining Development • Focused on drivers of risk reduction and on how to address the challenges in doing so • Provided policy recommendations for governments to adapt and use public investment planning, social protection and other development instruments to upscale risk reduction • Revealed some new and key aspects of disaster risk and trends in risk reduction

GAR 2009 Main Findings

Disaster risk is intensively concentrated

it

’

s unevenly distributed…..

22.5 million exposed per year GDPcap. US$31,267 HDI =0.953

Mortality ratio = 1 16 million exposed per year GDP cap. US$5,137 HDI = 0.771

Mortality ratio = 17

…… is increasing globally

and….. hits small countries hardest.

Global risk is driven by poverty and weak governance

Risk is also extensively spread …..

………….and increasing rapidly

….. feeds back into poverty

driven by…….. deficient urban and local governance

...vulnerable rural livelihoods

and ... declining ecosystem services

……magnified by climate change

Mixed progress in reducing risk

the key message In order to:

Reduce disaster risk and achieving the Hyogo Framework of Action Adapt to climate change Achieve the Millennium Development Goals Goals

Address the underlying risk drivers:

poor urban governance; ecosystem decline; vulnerable rural livelihoods

GAR 2011 Main Findings

Growing losses – insignificant investment in disaster risk management Disaster losses by Presidential period Mexico 1982 – 2009 Revealing Risk, Redefining Development Revealing Risk, Redefining Development

Increased exposure of people and economic activities to weather-related hazards Population exposed to tropical cyclones, China coast section Revealing Risk, Redefining Development Revealing Risk, Redefining Development

Falling mortality – rising economic loss risk Cyclone mortality risk Flood economic loss risk Revealing Risk, Redefining Development Revealing Risk, Redefining Development

A real-time window on investment in risk Revealing Risk, Redefining Development Revealing Risk, Redefining Development

Risk – the future. Synchronic failures and sequential crisis ?

Populations and economies exposed to tsunamis

Revealing Risk, Redefining Development Revealing Risk, Redefining Development

Mixed progress towards achieving the HFA Revealing Risk, Redefining Development Revealing Risk, Redefining Development

Low investment in vulnerability reduction Revealing Risk, Redefining Development Revealing Risk, Redefining Development

Systematically account for disaster losses Number of education facilities damaged (1970-2009) Kilometers of road damaged (1970-2009) per province (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Venezuela) 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction Revealing Risk, Redefining Development

What is destroyed and by what type of disaster?

Intense and strong but rare disasters Weak and extensive but common disasters

2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction Revealing Risk, Redefining Development

Typhoon severity, and causes of disasters

The stronger the typhoon, the less effective vulnerability reduction is

Vulnerability Exposure Stronger typhoons

2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction Revealing Risk, Redefining Development

Use public investment planning

“

Prevention is better than cure

”

Planning is better than relocation or retrofitting

2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction Revealing Risk, Redefining Development

… be selective in corrective investments

Targeted investment in a few infrastructure projects yields more benefits

2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction Revealing Risk, Redefining Development

Protect the most vulnerable

Employment Guarantee Programmes Conditional Cash Transfers Revealing Risk, Redefining Development Revealing Risk, Redefining Development

Reform risk governance Revealing Risk, Redefining Development Revealing Risk, Redefining Development