Transcript Breeds of Horses

Breeds of Horses
IMS #8894
Overview
 Many uses have brought about great variety
 Work horses - large, heavily muscled
 Speed horses - refined, longer legged
 Various gaits - ease in riding or pulling
Objectives
 Identify classes, breeds, and types of horses
 Discuss origins, descriptions, and uses of
breeds of horses
 Locate addresses of horse breed registries
Classes, Breeds, and Types
 Breed
 Common
 Possess
origin
certain well-fixed, distinctive,
uniformly, transmitted characteristics not
common to other horses
Classes, Breeds, and Types
 Certain breeds better adapted for specific
purposes
 Diverse and distinct horse breeds
Types of Horses
 Riding Horse
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Saddle
Walking
Stock
Polo
Hunters
Jumpers
Ponies
 Race Horse
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Running
Thoroughbreds
 Quarter
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Harness
Trotters
 Pacers
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Types of Horses
 Driving Horse
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Heavy harness
Fine harness
Roadsters
Ponies
 Work Horse
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Draft
Wagon
Exhibition
Classes, Breeds, and Types
 Height measured in hands
 Measurement taken from top of withers to the
ground
 Hand = 4 inches
Classes, Breeds, and Types
 Classified depending on size, build, and use
 Light
 Ponies
 Warmbloods
 Draft
Light Horses
 American Paint Horse
 Pinto
 American Saddlebred
 Quarter Horse
 Appaloosa
 Standardbred
 Arabian
 Tennessee Walking
 Morgan
Horse
 Thoroughbred
 Palomino
Light Horses
 14-2 to 17 hands
 900-1400 pounds
 Primarily for:
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Riding
Driving
Racing
American Paint Horse
Light Horse Breed
 Origin – United
States
 14-1 to 16-2 hands
 Uses
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Stock
Pleasure
Show
Racing
American Paint Horse
Light Horse Breed
 Color – White with any other color
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Overo
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Tobiano
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Tovero
American Paint Horse
Light Horse Breed
 Overo
 Predominantly white or dark
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No white crossing back between withers and
tail
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Legs - One or all dark
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Tail - one color
American Paint Horse
Light Horse Breed
 Tobiano
 Predominantly white or dark
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Spots distinct, round, or oval patterns
extending down over the neck and chest
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Legs - all 4 white
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Tail - 2 colors
American Paint Horse
Light Horse Breed
 Tovero
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Dark pigmentation around ears and mouth
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Chest and flank spots in varying sizes
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One or both eyes blue
American Saddlebred Horse
Light Horse Breed
 Origin – Kentucky
 Color – Bay, brown, chestnut, gray, black, or
golden
 15 to 16 hands
American Saddlebred Horse
Light Horse Breed
 Three gaited horses show:
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Walk
Trot
Canter
 Five gaited horses show:
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Slow gait
The rack
American Saddlebred Horse
Light Horse Breed
 Uses:
 Three gaited
 Five gaited
 Pleasure
 Stock
 Fine harness
Appaloosa
Light Horse Breed
 Origin – Idaho, Oregon, and Washington
 Descended from Central Asia
 First bred by Nez Perce Indians
Appaloosa
Light Horse Breed
 Color – Variations and combinations of colors
and spots
 Four distinguishable characteristics
 Coat pattern
 Mottled skin - speckled & blotchy pattern of
pigmented & non-pigmented skin
 White sclera – area of the eye which encircles
the iris
 Striped hooves
Appaloosa
Light Horse Breed
 14 to 15-2 hands
 Uses:
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Stock
Pleasure
Race
Parade
Hunters
Jumpers
Arabian
Light Horse Breed
 Origin – Saudi Arabia
 Color – Bay, gray,
chestnut
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some white and
black
 White marks common
on head and legs
Arabian
Light Horse Breed
 14-2 to 15-2 hands
 Dish face - Most distinguishable characteristic
 Uses: Saddle, show, stock, pleasure, racing,
endurance races, competitive trail rides
Morgan
Light Horse Breed
 Origin – Vermont
 Color – Bay, brown, chestnut
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Some black, palomino, buckskin, gray
 14-2 to 16 hands
Morgan
Light Horse Breed
 Stamina
 Docility
 Beauty
 Courage
 Longevity
Morgan
Light Horse Breed
 Uses:
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Saddle
Stock
Harness
Palomino
Light Horse Breed
 Origin – United States
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Spanish descent
 Color – Golden with light colored mane and
tail
 No more than 15% dark or chestnut hair in
either mane or tail
Palomino
Light Work Horse
 14-2 to 16 hands
 Type desired depends on intended use
Palomino
Light Work Horse
 Uses:
 Parade
 Stock
 Pleasure
 Saddle
 Fine Harness
Pinto
Light Work Horse
 Origin – United States
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Spanish Conquistadors
 Color – White with any other color
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Tobiano
Overo
 Color breed rather than type breed
Pinto
Light Horse Breed
 Uses:
 Hunters
 Polo Mounts
 Racing
 Saddle horses
 Stock horses
Quarter Horse
Light Horse Breed
 Origin – United States
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Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Colorado,
Kansas
 Color – Gray, black ,bay, sorrel, chestnut,
brown, buckskin, palomino, dun, grullo, red
dun, blue roan, and red roan
Quarter Horse
Light Horse Breed
 15 to 16 hands
 Well muscled
 Powerfully built
 Most versatile of all breeds
Quarter Horse
Light Horse Breed
 First breed native to
United States
 Uses:
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Stock
Racing
Pleasure
Hunting
Jumping
Standardbred
Light Horse Breed
 Origin – United States
 Color – Bay, brown, black
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Some chestnut, gray, roan, dun
 15 to 16 hands
Standardbred
Light Horse Breed
 Developed for harness racing
 Important requirements
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Pleasing conformation
Style
Quality
Standardbred
Light Horse Breed
 Uses:
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Racing
Trotting
Pacing
Show
Tennessee Walking Horse
Light Horse Breed
 Origin – Tennessee
 Color – Sorrel, chestnut, roan, black, white,
golden, gray, bay, brown
 14-3 to 17 hands
Tennessee Walking Horse
Light Horse Breed
 Three easy riding gaits
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Flat-foot walk
Running walk
Canter
 Natural, inherited characteristics
Tennessee Walking Horse
Light Horse Breed
 Uses:
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Pleasure
Plantation Walking
Show
Thoroughbred
Light Horse Breed
 Origin – England
 Developed as a running horse
 15 to 16-2 hands
Thoroughbred
Light Horse Breed
 Color – bay, brown, chestnut, sorrel, black
gray
 White markings on face and legs
 Conformation emphasizes factors
contributing to racing and sports
Thoroughbred
Light Horse Breed
 Uses:
 Race
 Saddle
 Hunting
 Jumping
 Polo mounts
Ponies
 Pony of the Americas
 Miniature Horse
 Shetland Pony
 Welsh Pony
Ponies
 Under 14-2 hands
 Less than 900 pounds
Miniature Horse
Pony
 Origin – England
 Color – Any color, marking patterns, or eye
color
 Height – no more than 34 inches
Miniature Horses
Pony
 Uses:
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Pets
Show
 First used to pull
ore carts in
coalmines
Pony of the Americas
Pony
 Origin – Mason City, Iowa
 Color – Very similar to Appaloosa
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Several color patterns acceptable
 46-54 inches
Pony of the Americas
Pony
 Conformation
between Quarter
Horse and Arabian
 Uses:
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Juniors who have
outgrown
Shetlands but not
ready for a horse
Shetland Pony
Pony
 Origin – Shetland Isles
 Color – Any color, solid, or mixed
 Height classes
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Under 43 inches
43-46 inches
Shetland Pony
Pony
 Long, shaggy outer coat during winter
 Full mane and tail
 One of oldest breeds in existence
Shetland Pony
Pony
 Uses:
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Children
Harness
Racing
Roadster
Welsh Pony
Pony
 Origin – Wales
 Color – Gray, roan, black, brown, bay chestnut
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Some white and dun
Welsh Pony
Pony
 Height – Two Divisions
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“A” – Cannot exceed 12-2 hands
“B” – Over 12-2 but not more than 14-2
 Weight
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“A” – Less than 500 pounds
“B” – 500 to 900 pounds
Welsh Pony
Pony
 Uses:
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Children
Harness racing
Trail riding
Parades
Warmblood Horses
 American Warmblood
 Hanoverian
 Holsteiner
 Trakehner
Warmblood Horses
 15-1 to 17 hands
 1200 to 1600 pounds
Warmblood Horses
 Primarily for sporting competitions
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Dressage
Driving
Hunting
Jumping
Three-day events
Warmblood Horses
 Combination of “hot blooded” (Arabians and
Thoroughbreds) crossed with “cold blooded”
(draft)
 Do not have closed studbooks
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Official record of the pedigree or ancestry of
purebreds
Outside blood is not allowed into gene pool
American Warmblood
Warmblood Breed
 Origin – United States
 Color – Any color
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Preferably solid with few white markings
 16-17 hands
American Warmblood
Warmblood
 Uses:
 Dressage
 Driving
 Jumping
 Three-Day
eventing
Hanoverian
Warmblood
 Origin - Germany
 Color – Solid color (bay, chestnut, gray)
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Excessive white not desired
 16 – 17 hands
Hanoverian
Warmblood
 Noble horse
 Cooperative temperament
 Elastic gaits
 Outstanding ability in international equestrian
disciplines
Hanoverian
Warmblood
 Uses:
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Dressage
Driving
Jumping
Three-day eventing
Holsteiner
Warmblood
 Origin – Province of Schleswig-Holstein in
Northern Germany
 Color – Bay
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Few or no white markings
 16 to 17 hands
Holsteiner
Warmblood
 Relaxed and willing temperament
 Good character and eagerness to work
 Carries head in beautiful arch
 Excellent jumping ability
Holsteiner
Warmblood
 Uses:
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Dressage
Driving
Jumping
Three-day
eventing
Trakehner
Warmblood
 Origin – Trakehner, East Prussia
 Color – Solid color (bay, chestnut, sorrel,
gray) without excessive white markings
 15-3 to 16-3 hands
Trakehner
Warmblood
 Originally developed for Prussian Army
 “Floating trot”
 Excellent balance
 Excels in dressage
Trakehner
Warmblood
 Introduced to North
America in 1957
 Uses:
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Dressage
Hunting
Jumping
Three-day eventing
Draft Horses
 Belgian
 Clydesdale
 Percheron
 Shire
Draft Horses
 14-2 to 19 hands
 More than 1400 pounds
 Primarily for heavy work and exhibition
Belgian
Draft Breed
 Origin – Belgium
 Color – Chestnut, sorrel
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Some roans and bays
 15-2 to 17 hands
Belgian
Draft Breed
 Size
 Known for draftiness
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Widest
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Deepest
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Most compact massive
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Lowest set draft breed
Belgian
Draft Breed
 Most numerous draft breed
 Docile
 Quiet
 Gentle
Belgian
Draft Breed
 Uses:
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Exhibition
Special Attractions
Farm Work
Clydesdale
Draft Breed
 Origin – Scotland
 Color – Bay
 Some black, brown, chestnut, and roan
 4 white socks
 Well-defined blaze or bald face
Clydesdale
Draft Breed
 Size – Medium Draft breed
 16-2 to 18 hands
 Superior style and action
 Heavy feathering of feet
 Fringe of hair around foot just above the hoof
Clydesdale
Draft Breed
 Uses:
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Exhibition
Special attractions
Farm work
Percheron
Draft Breed
 Origin – France
 Color – Most common: black or gray
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Some chestnut and roan
 Size – Intermediate
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Between Clydesdale and Belgian
Percheron
Draft Breed
 16-2 to 17-3 hands
 Extremely docile
 Clean-cut head
Percheron
Draft Breed
 Uses:
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Exhibition purposes
Special attractions
Farm Work
 Mated with Thoroughbreds
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Produce hunters and jumpers
Shire
Draft Breed
 Origin – England
 Color – Black, brown, gray, chestnut/sorrel
 Undesirable:
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Excessive white markings
roaning
Shire
Draft Breed
 Size – Large
 Matched in weight only by Belgian
 16-2 to 17-1 hands
 War horses in 15th and 16th centuries
Shire
Draft Breed
 Uses:
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Exhibition purposes
Special attractions
Farm work
Summary
 Breed
 Common
 Possess
origin
certain well-fixed, distinctive,
uniformly, transmitted characteristics not
common to other horses
Summary
 Classified as:

Light

Ponies
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Warmbloods
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Draft
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Texas A&M University
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2008