Transcript 16.L. Njagi-Mbeere workshop 2013

NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS MAINTENANCE
IN VILLAGE CHICKEN/HOW DOES
NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS CIRCULATE
WITHIN THE FLOCK?
PRESENTED AT THE “ENHANCING CHICKEN PRODUCTIVITY
THROUGH PARASITE MANAGEMENT FOR EFFECTIVE NEWCASTLE
DISEASE VACCINATION IN KENYA – MBEERE STAKEHOLDERS’
WORKSHOP HELD AT MASTERS HALL, MUTUOBARE LOCATION,
MBEERE DISTRICT, EASTERN PROVINCE, KENYA ON 4TH
DECEMBER 2013”
Dr. L.W. Njagi
University of Nairobi
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Department of Vet. Pathology, Microbiology &Parasitology
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
 Newcastle disease (ND) is endemic in village poultry.
 Virulent strains found in apparently healthy
- appearing chickens
 Mixing different species of birds
 Poor nutrition induce stress
 Other factors
Where is the virus when there is no outbreak?
Fig.1: Village
chicken of different
ages (Multi-age
flock)
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BACKGROUND INFORMATION
cont’d
Objective
 This study was designed to determine the risk factors
associated with occurrence of Newcastle disease in
village indigenous chickens.
 It was carried out in 2005.
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MATERIALS & METHODS
Study area
 Carried out in 4 divisions within Embu county as
follows:
Manyatta, Runyenjes, Central and Gachoka
Fig.2: Manyatta
Fig.3:Gachoka - Kiambere
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Figure 4: Map of the Embu-Mbeere agro-ecological zones (Source:
Jaetzold and Schmidt, 1983)
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MATERIALS & METHODS Cont’d
Experimental design
75 Farmers
Each
household
had a flock
size of at
least 5
chickens
Farmers’
perception
on
occurrence
of ND
Do you
know the
vernacular
name of
ND?
Factors
linked with
ND outbreak
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RESULTS & DISCUSSION
(i) Perception
 All the farmers interviewed showed that they
understood ND
 They also described clinical signs, which are usually
attributed to the disease very well.
 ND outbreaks were reported in all zones
 Fig. 5-Prevalence of ND.ppt
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RESULTS & DISCUSSION Cont’d
(ii) Seasonality
 ND outbreaks were commonest during the wet than the
dry season in all agro – ecological zones with
exception of LM 5 it was commonest in the dry season.
100
Percentage respondents
90
80
70
60
50
Rainy season
40
Dry season
30
20
10
0
LH1
UM2
UM3
LM3
Agro-ecological zones
LM5
Figure 6: Percentage of farmers indicating the seasonal (wet and
dry) occurrence of Newcastle disease in various agro - ecological
zones
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RESULTS & DISCUSSION Cont’d
(iii) Confinement
 Ninety-five (95%) percent of all the households
confined their chickens at some particular period of the
year, mainly during the rainy seasons (April to June
and October to December).
 Fig 7. - Confinement.ppt
 ND outbreaks were common in all the agro - ecological
zones during confinement except in the LM5.
 Fig.8-Confinement and outbreaks.ppt
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(iv) Management and Handling of sick birds &
Carcasses
Percentage respondents
80
70
60
Treat
50
Eat
40
Give away
30
Sell live birds
20
Killed and buried
10
0
UM2
LH1
UM3
LM3
LM5
Agro - ecological zones
Fig.9: Percentage of farmers reporting different management and
handling methods of Newcastle disease infected birds in various
agro- ecological zones
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(v) Methods of transportation of birds to
markets
100
Percentage respondents
90
80
70
60
50
Bicycle without baskets
40
Using hands
30
Bicyle/Vehicle with baskets
20
10
0
LH1
UM2
UM3
LM3
Agro-ecological zones
LM5
Fig.10: Methods of transportation of birds to the market in
different agro – ecological zones
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Preventing the Movement of Infections
from Markets to farms – Traffic control
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(v) Methods of transportation of birds Cont’d
Fig.11: Transportation of birds to the market
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(vi) Disposal of manure
Percentage respondents
120
100
80
Use as fertilizer
60
Thrown away
40
20
0
UM2
LH1
UM3
LM3
LM5
Agro - ecological zones
Fig.12: Methods of handling poultry manure in the five agro –
ecological zones
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(vii) Source of restocking birds and presence
of other birds
40
Percentage respondents
35
New birds introduced to the
flock from the market
30
25
New birds introduced to the
flock as gift from friends
20
15
When there are other domestic
birds in the flock
10
5
0
LH1
UM2
UM3
LM3
Agro-ecological zones
LM5
Fig.13: Other factors associated with Newcastle disease outbreaks
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RESULTS & DISCUSSION Cont’d
Fig. 14: Mixed flock (chickens and ducks)
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CONCLUSION
Lack of
Vaccination
Source of
restocking
birds
Mode of
Transportation
Climatic
factors
ND outbreak
Mixed
flock e.g.
with ducks
Disposal
of sick
dead
birds
Disposal
of manure
Lack of
feed
confinement
CONCLUSION
 Flock owners be educated on disease transmission
and prevention, and should be discouraged from
restocking their farms with chickens bought from the
markets but instead should obtain them from
vaccinated flocks or from government indigenous
chicken breeding centres in the country.
 Njagi et al. 2010 - Factors associated.pdf
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Thanks for listening
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